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Article: The association between meteorological variables and road traffic injuries: a study from Macao.

Lio, Chon-Fu / Cheong, Hou-Hon / Un, Chon-Hou / Lo, Iek-Long / Tsai, Shin-Yi

2019 Volume 7, Page(s) e6438

Abstract: Objective: Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to estimate the influence of meteorological factors on road traffic injuries stratified by severity. Crash rate was defined as mean monthly road traffic accidents per ...

Abstract	Objective: Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to estimate the influence of meteorological factors on road traffic injuries stratified by severity. Crash rate was defined as mean monthly road traffic accidents per 1,000 vectors. Design: Ecological time-series study. Setting: Macao traffic accident registry database between January 1st, 2001 and November 31st, 2016. Participants: In total, 393,176 traffic accidents and 72,501 cases of road traffic injuries (RTIs) were enrolled; patients' severity was divided into mild injury, required hospitalisation, and death. Exposure: Variation of monthly meteorological factors. Main outcome measure: Weather-condition-related road traffic accidents, injuries, and deaths. Results: Windy weather significantly correlated with increased number of traffic accidents among all transport vectors ( Conclusion: The World Health Organization stated that RTIs are a major but neglected public health challenge. This study demonstrates meteorological factors have significant effects on any degree of RTIs. The results may not be generalized to other climates or populations while the findings may have implications in both preventing injuries and to announce safety precautions regarding trauma and motor vehicle collisions to the general public by public agencies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.6438
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: How mycobacterium tuberculosis infection could lead to the increasing risks of chronic fatigue syndrome and the potential immunological effects: a population-based retrospective cohort study.

Yang, Tse-Yen / Lin, Cheng-Li / Yao, Wei-Cheng / Lio, Chon-Fu / Chiang, Wen-Po / Lin, Kuan / Kuo, Chien-Feng / Tsai, Shin-Yi

Journal of translational medicine

2022 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 99

Abstract: Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been shown to be associated with infections. Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent infectious disease. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and post-tuberculosis experience similar symptoms. Furthermore, ...

Abstract	Background: Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been shown to be associated with infections. Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent infectious disease. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and post-tuberculosis experience similar symptoms. Furthermore, chronic fatigue syndrome and tuberculosis share similar plasma immunosignatures. This study aimed to clarify the risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI), by analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Methods: 7666 patients aged 20 years or older with newly diagnosed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection during 2000-2011 and 30,663 participants without Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were identified. Both groups were followed up until the diagnoses of chronic fatigue syndrome were made at the end of 2011. Results: The relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the subsequent risk of chronic fatigue syndrome was estimated through Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with the incidence density rates being 3.04 and 3.69 per 1000 person-years among the non-Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection populations, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, with 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.47). In the stratified analysis, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection group were consistently associated with a higher risk of chronic fatigue syndrome in the male sex (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02-1.58) and age group of ≥ 65 years old (HR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.86-3.38). Conclusions: The data from this population-based retrospective cohort study revealed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent chronic fatigue syndrome.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/complications ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Taiwan/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/complications ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2118570-0
ISSN	1479-5876 ; 1479-5876
ISSN (online)	1479-5876
ISSN	1479-5876
DOI	10.1186/s12967-022-03301-1
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of personal protective health behaviour against COVID-19.

Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Yao, Lan / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

BMC public health

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 827

Abstract: Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face contact ...

Abstract	Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face contact and contaminated surfaces as well as potential aerosol spread. Over half of transmissions occur from presymptomatic and asymptomatic carriers. Although several vaccines are currently available for emergency use, there are uncertainties regarding the duration of protection and the efficacy of preventing asymptomatic spread. Thus, personal protective health behaviour and measures against COVID-19 are still widely recommended after immunization. This study aimed to clarify the efficacy of these measures, and the results may provide valuable guidance to policymakers to educate the general public about how to reduce the individual-level risk of COVID-19 infection. Methods: This case-control study enrolled 24 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário (C.H.C.S.J.), which was the only hospital designated to manage COVID-19 patients in Macao SAR, China, and 1113 control participants who completed a 14-day mandatory quarantine in 12 designated hotels due to returning from high-risk countries between 17 March and 15 April 2020. A questionnaire was developed to extract demographic information, contact history, and personal health behaviour. Results: Participants primarily came from the United Kingdom (33.2%), followed by the United States (10.5%) and Portugal (10.2%). Independent factors for COVID-19 infection were having physical contact with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 patients (adjusted OR, 12.108 [95% CI, 3.380-43.376], P < 0.005), participating in high-risk gathering activities (adjusted OR, 1.129 [95% CI, 1.048-1.216], P < 0.005), handwashing after outdoor activity (adjusted OR, 0.021 [95% CI, 0.003-0.134], P < 0.005), handwashing before touching the mouth and nose area (adjusted OR, 0.303 [95% CI, 0.114-0.808], P < 0.05), and wearing a mask whenever outdoors (adjusted OR, 0.307 [95% CI, 0.109-0.867], P < 0.05). The daily count of handwashing remained similar between groups. Only 31.6% of participants had a sufficient 20-s handwashing duration. Conclusions: Participating in high-risk gatherings, wearing a mask whenever outdoors, and practising hand hygiene at key times should be advocated to the public to mitigate COVID-19 infection.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Macau ; Portugal ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United Kingdom ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-021-10680-5
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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of personal protective health behaviour against COVID-19

Chon Fu Lio / Hou Hon Cheong / Chin Ion Lei / Iek Long Lo / Lan Yao / Chong Lam / Iek Hou Leong

BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Background Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face contact and contaminated surfaces as well as potential aerosol spread. Over half of transmissions occur from presymptomatic and asymptomatic carriers. Although several vaccines are currently available for emergency use, there are uncertainties regarding the duration of protection and the efficacy of preventing asymptomatic spread. Thus, personal protective health behaviour and measures against COVID-19 are still widely recommended after immunization. This study aimed to clarify the efficacy of these measures, and the results may provide valuable guidance to policymakers to educate the general public about how to reduce the individual-level risk of COVID-19 infection. Methods This case-control study enrolled 24 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário (C.H.C.S.J.), which was the only hospital designated to manage COVID-19 patients in Macao SAR, China, and 1113 control participants who completed a 14-day mandatory quarantine in 12 designated hotels due to returning from high-risk countries between 17 March and 15 April 2020. A questionnaire was developed to extract demographic information, contact history, and personal health behaviour. Results Participants primarily came from the United Kingdom (33.2%), followed by the United States (10.5%) and Portugal (10.2%). Independent factors for COVID-19 infection were having physical contact with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 patients (adjusted OR, 12.108 [95% CI, 3.380–43.376], P < 0.005), participating in high-risk gathering activities (adjusted OR, 1.129 [95% CI, 1.048–1.216], P < 0.005), handwashing after outdoor activity (adjusted OR, 0.021 [95% CI, 0.003–0.134], P < 0.005), handwashing before touching the mouth and nose area (adjusted OR, 0.303 [95% CI, 0.114–0.808], ...
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Prevention ; Measures ; Mask ; Handwashing ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The association between meteorological variables and road traffic injuries

Chon-Fu Lio / Hou-Hon Cheong / Chon-Hou Un / Iek-Long Lo / Shin-Yi Tsai

PeerJ, Vol 7, p e

a study from Macao

2019 Volume 6438

Abstract: Objective Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to estimate the influence of meteorological factors on road traffic injuries stratified by severity. Crash rate was defined as mean monthly road traffic accidents per 1, ...

Abstract	Objective Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to estimate the influence of meteorological factors on road traffic injuries stratified by severity. Crash rate was defined as mean monthly road traffic accidents per 1,000 vectors. Design Ecological time-series study. Setting Macao traffic accident registry database between January 1st, 2001 and November 31st, 2016. Participants In total, 393,176 traffic accidents and 72,501 cases of road traffic injuries (RTIs) were enrolled; patients’ severity was divided into mild injury, required hospitalisation, and death. Exposure Variation of monthly meteorological factors. Main outcome measure Weather-condition-related road traffic accidents, injuries, and deaths. Results Windy weather significantly correlated with increased number of traffic accidents among all transport vectors (r = .375 to .637; p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression showed temperature (B = 0.704; p < 0.05) and humidity (B = − 0.537; p < 0.001) were independent factors for mild injury. The role of windy weather was relatively more obvious among patients with severe injuries (B = 0.304; p < 0.001) or those who died (B = 0.015; p < 0.001). A longer duration of sunshine was also associated to RTI-related deaths (B = 0.015; p < 0.001). In total, 13.4% of RTIs were attributable to meteorological factors and may be preventable. Conclusion The World Health Organization stated that RTIs are a major but neglected public health challenge. This study demonstrates meteorological factors have significant effects on any degree of RTIs. The results may not be generalized to other climates or populations while the findings may have implications in both preventing injuries and to announce safety precautions regarding trauma and motor vehicle collisions to the general public by public agencies.
Keywords	Road traffic injuries ; Road safety ; Meteorological factors ; Road traffic accidents ; Macao ; Trauma ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	380
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Minimizing the risk of community spread of COVID-19

Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

World journal of clinical cases

2020 Volume 8, Issue 13, Page(s) 2674–2678

Abstract: Macao, a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, is located in southern China and shares the border with mainland China. It is the most densely populated region in the world, with a population of 667400 and a total land ... ...

Abstract	Macao, a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, is located in southern China and shares the border with mainland China. It is the most densely populated region in the world, with a population of 667400 and a total land area of 32.9 square kilometers in 2019. Since the first case diagnosed on January 22, 2020, there was a total of 45 laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Macao, of which 43 patients (96%) were imported cases. To date, all patients had been discharged successfully from Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário, a designated hospital to manage all COVID-19 patients in Macao. Eventually, no patient died, and no local community outbreak was noted. This opinion review describes the underlying factors that could have contributed to the successful experience in Macao SAR, China, which include the following: (1) Early implementation of containment measures; (2) Large-scale quarantine using hotel rooms to reduce the risk of a local outbreak; and (3) Multidisciplinary co-operation and transparency of information to the public. Although the successful experience in Macao SAR, China, may not be generalized to other regions, it should not be unreasonable to be well prepared with sufficient logistic support to conduct timely containment and early detection of episodic cases to prevent the backsliding of COVID-19 outbreak.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2307-8960
ISSN	2307-8960
DOI	10.12998/wjcc.v8.i13.2674
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China.

Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Yao, Lan / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

PeerJ

2020 Volume 8, Page(s) e9428

Abstract: Background: The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, ... ...

Abstract	Background: The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, China, where the highest COVID-19 prevalence was noted in the country and a "lockdown" policy was implemented for outbreak control for more than one month. They were escorted from Wuhan City to Macao via a chartered airplane organized by Macao SAR government and received quarantine for 14 days with none of the individual being diagnosed with COVID-19 by serial RNA tests from the nasopharyngeal specimens and sera antibodies. It was crucial to identify common characteristics among these 57 uninfected individuals. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to extract information such as behavior, change of habits and preventive measures. Results: A total of 42 effective questionnaires were analyzed after exclusion of 14 infants and children with age under fifteen as ineligible for the survey and missing of one questionnaire, with a response rate of 97.7% (42 out of 43). The proportion of female composed more than 70% of this group of returners. The main reason for visiting Hubei in 88.1% of respondents was to visit relatives. Over 88% of respondents did not participate in high-risk activities due to mobility restriction. All (100%) denied contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Comparison of personal hygiene habits before and during disease outbreak showed a significant increase in practice including wearing a mask when outdoor (16.7% and 95.2%,
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.9428
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: How mycobacterium tuberculosis infection could lead to the increasing risks of chronic fatigue syndrome and the potential immunological effects

Tse-Yen Yang / Cheng-Li Lin / Wei-Cheng Yao / Chon-Fu Lio / Wen-Po Chiang / Kuan Lin / Chien-Feng Kuo / Shin-Yi Tsai

Journal of Translational Medicine, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a population-based retrospective cohort study

2022 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been shown to be associated with infections. Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent infectious disease. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and post-tuberculosis experience similar symptoms. ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has been shown to be associated with infections. Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly prevalent infectious disease. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and post-tuberculosis experience similar symptoms. Furthermore, chronic fatigue syndrome and tuberculosis share similar plasma immunosignatures. This study aimed to clarify the risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI), by analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Methods 7666 patients aged 20 years or older with newly diagnosed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection during 2000–2011 and 30,663 participants without Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were identified. Both groups were followed up until the diagnoses of chronic fatigue syndrome were made at the end of 2011. Results The relationship between Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the subsequent risk of chronic fatigue syndrome was estimated through Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, with the incidence density rates being 3.04 and 3.69 per 1000 person‐years among the non‐Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection populations, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, with 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.47). In the stratified analysis, the Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection group were consistently associated with a higher risk of chronic fatigue syndrome in the male sex (HR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.58) and age group of ≥ 65 years old (HR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.86–3.38). Conclusions The data from this population‐based retrospective cohort study revealed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent chronic fatigue syndrome.
Keywords	Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (MTI) ; Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) ; Immunological effect ; Risk factors ; Population-based retrospective cohort study ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	572
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in clinical specimens and clinical characteristics of 10 patients with COVID-19 in Macau.

Lo, Iek Long / Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Cheong, Tak Hong / Zhong, Xu / Tian, Yakun / Sin, Nin Ngan

International journal of biological sciences

2020 Volume 16, Issue 10, Page(s) 1698–1707

Abstract: As a city famous for tourism, the public healthcare system of Macau SAR has been under great pressure during the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we report clinical and microbiological features of ten COVID-19 patients ... ...

Abstract	As a city famous for tourism, the public healthcare system of Macau SAR has been under great pressure during the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we report clinical and microbiological features of ten COVID-19 patients enrolled in the Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário (CHCSJ) between January 21 to February 16, 2020. Clinical samples from all patients including nasopharyngeal swab (NPS)/sputum, urine, and feces were collected for serial virus RNA testing by standard qRT-PCR assay. In total, seven were imported cases and three were local cases. The median duration from Macau arrival to admission in imported cases was 3 days. Four patients required oxygen therapy but none of them needed machinal ventilation. No fatal cases were noted. The most common symptoms were fever (80%) and diarrhea (80%). In the "Severe" group, there was significantly more elderly patients (p=0.045), higher lactate dehydrogenase levels (p=0.002), and elevated C-Reactive protein levels compared to the "Mild to Moderate" group (p<0.001). There were positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA signals in all patients' NPS and stool specimens but negative in all urine specimens. Based on our data on SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in stool and the possibility of a lag in viral detection in NPS specimens, the assessment of both fecal and respiratory specimen is recommended to enhance diagnostic sensitivity, and also to aid discharge decision before the role of viral RNA shedding in stool is clarified.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Diarrhea/virology ; Feces/virology ; Female ; Fever/virology ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Macau ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx/virology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sputum/virology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urine/virology ; Virus Shedding ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Covid-19 aAPC vaccine ; RNA, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-15
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2179208-2
ISSN	1449-2288 ; 1449-2288
ISSN (online)	1449-2288
ISSN	1449-2288
DOI	10.7150/ijbs.45357
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak

Chon Fu Lio / Hou Hon Cheong / Chin Ion Lei / Iek Long Lo / Lan Yao / Chong Lam / Iek Hou Leong

PeerJ, Vol 8, p e

a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China

2020 Volume 9428

Abstract: Background The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, ... ...

Abstract	Background The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, China, where the highest COVID-19 prevalence was noted in the country and a “lockdown” policy was implemented for outbreak control for more than one month. They were escorted from Wuhan City to Macao via a chartered airplane organized by Macao SAR government and received quarantine for 14 days with none of the individual being diagnosed with COVID-19 by serial RNA tests from the nasopharyngeal specimens and sera antibodies. It was crucial to identify common characteristics among these 57 uninfected individuals. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to extract information such as behavior, change of habits and preventive measures. Results A total of 42 effective questionnaires were analyzed after exclusion of 14 infants and children with age under fifteen as ineligible for the survey and missing of one questionnaire, with a response rate of 97.7% (42 out of 43). The proportion of female composed more than 70% of this group of returners. The main reason for visiting Hubei in 88.1% of respondents was to visit relatives. Over 88% of respondents did not participate in high-risk activities due to mobility restriction. All (100%) denied contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Comparison of personal hygiene habits before and during disease outbreak showed a significant increase in practice including wearing a mask when outdoor (16.7% and 95.2%, P < 0.001) and often wash hands with soap or liquid soap (85.7% and 100%, P = 0.031).
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mask ; Lockdown ; Handwashing ; Mandatory quarantine ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	950
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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