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Article ; Online: Small contributions of dust to PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations measured downwind of Oceano Dunes

Lewis, Savannah L. / Russell, Lynn M. / McKinsey, John A. / Harris, William J.

Atmospheric Environment. 2023 Feb., v. 294 p.119515-

2023

Abstract: The Oceano Dunes State Vehicular Recreation Area (ODSVRA) is a large natural source of wind-driven dust emissions that primarily consist of particulate matter (PM) for which most of the mass is greater than 1 μm. The San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution ... ...

Abstract	The Oceano Dunes State Vehicular Recreation Area (ODSVRA) is a large natural source of wind-driven dust emissions that primarily consist of particulate matter (PM) for which most of the mass is greater than 1 μm. The San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District (SLOAPCD) has targeted ODSVRA emissions to reduce exceedances of the state standard of 50 μg m⁻³ for PM smaller than 10 μm (PM10) at a coastal monitoring site located 1 mile downwind of the dune area. To evaluate the potential effectiveness of this abatement strategy, five sets of measurements were collected during the windy afternoons of high-wind months (May and October) from 2019 to 2021 to quantify the organic and elemental composition of PM10 and PM smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) samples. The five-campaign average afternoon PM2.5 composition relative to Beta Attenuation Monitor (BAM) concentrations included 14 ± 12% dust, 9 ± 9% sea salt, 4 ± 5% non-sea salt sulfate, and 8 ± 8% organic components, with the difference between BAM and the measured components contributing the remaining 66 ± 16% unidentified components. The high afternoon unidentified contribution was partially attributable to water, consistent with the increasing relative humidity during warm afternoons, since there was a lower unidentified contribution for overnight samples. The remaining unidentified components are consistent with prior measurements of semivolatile contributions of ammonium nitrate and organic compounds constituting >40% of PM2.5 in central California. The organic functional group signature in Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for PM2.5 was similar to previously reported ambient marine aerosol, consistent with a natural marine source for most of the organic mass concentration. For PM10, the dust fraction was 11 ± 8% of BAM PM10 concentration and increased to 14 ± 10% of BAM PM10 concentration during days in which hourly BAM PM10 concentration exceeded 140 μg m⁻³. There was no statistically significant difference (p»0.05) between dust, sea salt, sulfate, or organic PM2.5 fractions between weekend and weekday concentrations, similar to prior findings for the region. These results are consistent with national and state assessments of the good air quality of the region and suggest that semivolatile components may cause differences between BAM and gravimetric mass concentrations for sampling times shorter than 24 h. In addition, the results demonstrate that the regulated dust abatement implemented at ODSVRA is misapplied and unlikely to improve downwind air quality significantly, since ODSVRA and other nearby sandy areas contribute only 14% of BAM PM10 and have not been shown to include toxic components.
Keywords	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ; aerosols ; air pollution control ; air quality ; ammonium nitrate ; dust ; elemental composition ; environment ; particulates ; recreation ; relative humidity ; sulfates ; toxicity ; California ; PM2.5 ; PM10 ; Aerosol chemical speciation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-02
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119515
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Life After College: Employment, Social, and Community Outcomes for Young Deaf Adults.

Palmer, Jeffrey Levi / Newman, Lynn A / Davidson, Savannah / Cawthon, Stephanie W

American annals of the deaf

2021 Volume 165, Issue 4, Page(s) 401–417

Abstract: While most research on transition outcomes focuses on education and employment, the transition to adulthood also includes social outcomes, such as group involvement and community service. The present study examined a broader set of outcomes for young ... ...

Abstract	While most research on transition outcomes focuses on education and employment, the transition to adulthood also includes social outcomes, such as group involvement and community service. The present study examined a broader set of outcomes for young deaf adults after postsecondary education. A secondary analysis of a large-scale data set, the National Longitudinal Transition Study (NLTS2), was conducted to compare the employment, income assistance, and social/community outcomes of three postsecondary education cohorts: graduates, noncompleters, and nonattendees. The findings indicate that young deaf adults with more postsecondary education have more positive outcomes, e.g., higher employment rates, higher wages, and greater civic and social participation. These findings further demonstrate the importance of postsecondary education for young deaf adults and can be used to inform transition planning for deaf students, supporting the need to consider exploration of various career pathways available through college or postsecondary career/technical education.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Career Choice ; Educational Status ; Employment/trends ; Female ; Humans ; Income/trends ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Persons With Hearing Impairments/psychology ; Persons With Hearing Impairments/statistics & numerical data ; Social Participation ; Students/psychology ; Students/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	603610-7
ISSN	1543-0375 ; 0002-726X
ISSN (online)	1543-0375
ISSN	0002-726X
DOI	10.1353/aad.2020.0027
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Article ; Online: Colostrum is required for the postnatal ontogeny of small intestine innate lymphoid type 2 cells and successful anti-helminth defences.

Rekima, Akila / van den Elsen, Lieke / Isnard, Charlotte / Smyth, Danielle J / Lynn, Miriam A / Yee, Tee / Stevens, Natalie E / Machado, Savannah / Divakara, Nivedithaa / Bhasin, Maheshwar / Tjiam, M Christian / Rowel, Candia / Servant, Florence / Burcelin, Remy / Locksley, Richard / Maizels, Rick / Lynn, David J / Egwang, Thomas / Verhasselt, Valérie

Allergy

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	Denmark
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	391933-x
ISSN	1398-9995 ; 0105-4538
ISSN (online)	1398-9995
ISSN	0105-4538
DOI	10.1111/all.16054
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Article ; Online: A laser-induced mouse model of progressive retinal degeneration with central sparing displays features of parafoveal geographic atrophy.

Khan, Adnan H / Soundara Pandi, Sudha Priya / Scott, Jennifer A / Sánchez-Bretaño, Aida / Lynn, Savannah A / Ratnayaka, J Arjuna / Teeling, Jessica L / Lotery, Andrew J

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 4194

Abstract: There are no disease-modifying treatments available for geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration. Current murine models fail to fully recapitulate the features of GA and thus hinder drug discovery. Here we ... ...

Abstract	There are no disease-modifying treatments available for geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration. Current murine models fail to fully recapitulate the features of GA and thus hinder drug discovery. Here we describe a novel mouse model of retinal degeneration with hallmark features of GA. We used an 810 nm laser to create a retinal lesion with central sparing (RLCS), simulating parafoveal atrophy observed in patients with progressive GA. Laser-induced RLCS resulted in progressive GA-like pathology with the development of a confluent atrophic lesion. We demonstrate significant changes to the retinal structure and thickness in the central unaffected retina over a 24-week post-laser period, confirmed by longitudinal optical coherence tomography scans. We further show characteristic features of progressive GA, including a gradual reduction in the thickness of the central, unaffected retina and of total retinal thickness. Histological changes observed in the RLCS correspond to GA pathology, which includes the collapse of the outer nuclear layer, increased numbers of GFAP + , CD11b + and FcγRI + cells, and damage to cone and rod photoreceptors. We demonstrate a laser-induced mouse model of parafoveal GA progression, starting at 2 weeks post-laser and reaching confluence at 24 weeks post-laser. This 24-week time-frame in which GA pathology develops, provides an extended window of opportunity for proof-of-concept evaluation of drugs targeting GA. This time period is an added advantage compared to several existing models of geographic atrophy.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Geographic Atrophy/pathology ; Retinal Degeneration/etiology ; Retinal Degeneration/pathology ; Fluorescein Angiography/methods ; Retina/diagnostic imaging ; Retina/pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Lasers ; Disease Models, Animal ; Atrophy/pathology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-31392-3
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Article ; Online: Human equivalent doses of L-DOPA rescues retinal morphology and visual function in a murine model of albinism.

Sanchez-Bretano, Aida / Keeling, Eloise / Scott, Jennifer A / Lynn, Savannah A / Soundara-Pandi, Sudha Priya / Macdonald, Sarah L / Newall, Tutte / Griffiths, Helen / Lotery, Andrew J / Ratnayaka, J Arjuna / Self, Jay E / Lee, Helena

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 17173

Abstract: L-DOPA is deficient in the developing albino eye, resulting in abnormalities of retinal development and visual impairment. Ongoing retinal development after birth has also been demonstrated in the developing albino eye offering a potential therapeutic ... ...

Abstract	L-DOPA is deficient in the developing albino eye, resulting in abnormalities of retinal development and visual impairment. Ongoing retinal development after birth has also been demonstrated in the developing albino eye offering a potential therapeutic window in humans. To study whether human equivalent doses of L-DOPA/Carbidopa administered during the crucial postnatal period of neuroplasticity can rescue visual function, OCA C57BL/6 J-c2J OCA1 mice were treated with a 28-day course of oral L-DOPA/Carbidopa at 3 different doses from 15 to 43 days postnatal age (PNA) and for 3 different lengths of treatment, to identify optimum dosage and treatment length. Visual electrophysiology, acuity, and retinal morphology were measured at 4, 5, 6, 12 and 16 weeks PNA and compared to untreated C57BL/6 J (WT) and OCA1 mice. Quantification of PEDF, βIII-tubulin and syntaxin-3 expression was also performed. Our data showed impaired retinal morphology, decreased retinal function and lower visual acuity in untreated OCA1 mice compared to WT mice. These changes were diminished or eliminated when treated with higher doses of L-DOPA/Carbidopa. Our results demonstrate that oral L-DOPA/Carbidopa supplementation at human equivalent doses during the postnatal critical period of retinal neuroplasticity can rescue visual retinal morphology and retinal function, via PEDF upregulation and modulation of retinal synaptogenesis, providing a further step towards developing an effective treatment for albinism patients.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Levodopa/pharmacology ; Levodopa/therapeutic use ; Carbidopa/pharmacology ; Carbidopa/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Albinism/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Levodopa (46627O600J) ; Carbidopa (MNX7R8C5VO)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-44373-3
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Article: Intimate Partner Violence and Mental Health Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Young Adults.

Stults, Christopher B / Gao, Stan / Brandt, Stephan A / Taber, Jamie L / Lynn, Savannah G / Kaczetow, Walter / Lee, Gabin / Cruise, Andrew / Krause, Kristen D

Journal of family violence

2023 , Page(s) 1–15

Abstract: Purpose: Research indicates that multiple forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) may be prevalent among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people, including general forms of IPV (psychological, physical, sexual), as well as identity-specific forms ( ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Research indicates that multiple forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) may be prevalent among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people, including general forms of IPV (psychological, physical, sexual), as well as identity-specific forms (transgender-related IPV (T-IPV), identity abuse (IA)). Studies also suggest that IPV is associated with negative mental health outcomes in TGD populations, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about IPV and its association with mental health among TGD young adults. This is noteworthy, as this is a key developmental period for many TGD individuals. Methods: Thus, the present study sought (1) to estimate the lifetime and past-year prevalence of several forms of general and identity-specific IPV among a sample of ( Results: Regarding lifetime IPV, IA was most prevalent (57.0%), followed by sexual (40.0%), physical (38.5%), T-IPV (35.5%), and psychological IPV (32.5%). Regarding past-year IPV, psychological IPV was most common (29.0%), followed by IA (27.5%), physical (20.0%), T-IPV (14.0%), and sexual IPV (12.5%). Results of hierarchical regression models indicate that lifetime IA was related to depression, anxiety, and PTSD, while past-year T-IPV was only associated with depression. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that IPV is highly prevalent among TGD young adults and that IPV - especially identity-specific forms - warrants additional attention from researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers, as it may place this population at risk for negative mental health outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2016884-6
ISSN	1573-2851 ; 0885-7482
ISSN (online)	1573-2851
ISSN	0885-7482
DOI	10.1007/s10896-023-00579-7
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Article: A High Fat “Western‐style” Diet Induces AMD‐Like Features in Wildtype Mice

Keeling, Eloise / Lynn, Savannah A. / Koh, Yen Min / Scott, Jenny A. / Kendall, Aaron / Gatherer, Maureen / Page, Anton / Cagampang, Felino R. / Lotery, Andrew J. / Ratnayaka, J. Arjuna

Molecular nutrition & food research. 2022 June, v. 66, no. 11

2022

Abstract: SCOPE: The intake of a “Western‐style” diet rich in fats is linked with developing retinopathies including age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Wildtype mice are given a high fat diet (HFD) to determine how unhealthy foods can bring about retinal ... ...

Abstract	SCOPE: The intake of a “Western‐style” diet rich in fats is linked with developing retinopathies including age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Wildtype mice are given a high fat diet (HFD) to determine how unhealthy foods can bring about retinal degeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS: Following weaning, female C57BL/6 mice are maintained on standard chow (7% kcal fat, n = 29) or a HFD (45% kcal fat, n = 27) for 12 months. Animals were sacrificed following electroretinography (ERG) and their eyes analyzed by histology, confocal immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. HFD mice become obese, but showed normal retinal function compared to chow‐fed controls. However, diminished β3tubulin labeling of retinal cross‐sections indicated fewer/damaged neuronal processes in the inner plexiform layer. AMD‐linked proteins clusterin and TIMP3 accumulated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane (BrM). Neutral lipids also deposited in the outer retinae of HFD mice. Ultrastructural analysis revealed disorganized photoreceptor outer segments, collapsed/misaligned RPE microvilli, vacuoles, convoluted basolateral RPE infolds and BrM changes. Basal laminar‐like deposits were also present alongside abnormal choroidal endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: We show that prolonged exposure to an unhealthy “Western‐style” diet alone can recapitulate early‐intermediate AMD‐like features in wildtype mice, highlighting the importance of diet and nutrition in the etiology of sight‐loss.
Keywords	electroretinography ; epithelium ; etiology ; females ; fluorescent antibody technique ; food research ; high fat diet ; histology ; macular degeneration ; microvilli ; neurons ; photoreceptors ; transmission electron microscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	2160372-8
ISSN	1613-4133 ; 1613-4125
ISSN (online)	1613-4133
ISSN	1613-4125
DOI	10.1002/mnfr.202100823
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Article ; Online: A High Fat "Western-style" Diet Induces AMD-Like Features in Wildtype Mice.

Keeling, Eloise / Lynn, Savannah A / Koh, Yen Min / Scott, Jenny A / Kendall, Aaron / Gatherer, Maureen / Page, Anton / Cagampang, Felino R / Lotery, Andrew J / Ratnayaka, J Arjuna

Molecular nutrition & food research

2022 Volume 66, Issue 11, Page(s) e2100823

Abstract: Scope: The intake of a "Western-style" diet rich in fats is linked with developing retinopathies including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Wildtype mice are given a high fat diet (HFD) to determine how unhealthy foods can bring about retinal ... ...

Abstract	Scope: The intake of a "Western-style" diet rich in fats is linked with developing retinopathies including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Wildtype mice are given a high fat diet (HFD) to determine how unhealthy foods can bring about retinal degeneration. Methods and results: Following weaning, female C57BL/6 mice are maintained on standard chow (7% kcal fat, n = 29) or a HFD (45% kcal fat, n = 27) for 12 months. Animals were sacrificed following electroretinography (ERG) and their eyes analyzed by histology, confocal immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. HFD mice become obese, but showed normal retinal function compared to chow-fed controls. However, diminished β3tubulin labeling of retinal cross-sections indicated fewer/damaged neuronal processes in the inner plexiform layer. AMD-linked proteins clusterin and TIMP3 accumulated in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane (BrM). Neutral lipids also deposited in the outer retinae of HFD mice. Ultrastructural analysis revealed disorganized photoreceptor outer segments, collapsed/misaligned RPE microvilli, vacuoles, convoluted basolateral RPE infolds and BrM changes. Basal laminar-like deposits were also present alongside abnormal choroidal endothelial cells. Conclusions: We show that prolonged exposure to an unhealthy "Western-style" diet alone can recapitulate early-intermediate AMD-like features in wildtype mice, highlighting the importance of diet and nutrition in the etiology of sight-loss.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Female ; Macular Degeneration/etiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2160372-8
ISSN	1613-4133 ; 1613-4125
ISSN (online)	1613-4133
ISSN	1613-4125
DOI	10.1002/mnfr.202100823
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Book ; Online: North Atlantic Ocean SST-gradient-driven variations in aerosol and cloud evolution along Lagrangian cold-air outbreak trajectories

Sanchez, Kevin J. / Zhang, Bo / Liu, Hongyu / Brown, Matthew D. / Crosbie, Ewan C. / Gallo, Francesca / Hair, Johnathan W. / Hostetler, Chris A. / Jordan, Carolyn E. / Robinson, Claire E. / Scarino, Amy Jo / Shingler, Taylor J. / Shook, Michael A. / Thornhill, Kenneth L. / Wiggins, Elizabeth B. / Winstead, Edward L. / Ziemba, Luke D. / Saliba, Georges / Lewis, Savannah L. /

Russell, Lynn M. / Quinn, Patricia K. / Bates, Timothy S. / Porter, Jack / Bell, Thomas G. / Gaube, Peter / Saltzman, Eric S. / Behrenfeld, Michael J. / Moore, Richard H.

eISSN: 1680-7324

2022

Abstract: Atmospheric marine particle concentrations impact cloud properties, which strongly impact the amount of solar radiation reflected back into space or absorbed by the ocean surface. While satellites can provide a snapshot of current conditions at the ... ...

Abstract	Atmospheric marine particle concentrations impact cloud properties, which strongly impact the amount of solar radiation reflected back into space or absorbed by the ocean surface. While satellites can provide a snapshot of current conditions at the overpass time, models are necessary to simulate temporal variations in both particle and cloud properties. However, poor model accuracy limits the reliability with which these tools can be used to predict future climate. Here, we leverage the comprehensive ocean ecosystem and atmospheric aerosol–cloud dataset obtained during the third deployment of the North Atlantic Aerosols and Marine Ecosystems Study (NAAMES3). Airborne and ship-based measurements were collected in and around a cold-air outbreak during a 3 d (where d stands for day) intensive operations period from 17–19 September 2017. Cold-air outbreaks are of keen interest for model validation because they are challenging to accurately simulate, which is due, in part, to the numerous feedbacks and sub-grid-scale processes that influence aerosol and cloud evolution. The NAAMES observations are particularly valuable because the flight plans were tailored to lie along Lagrangian trajectories, making it possible to spatiotemporally connect upwind and downwind measurements with the state-of-the-art FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) Lagrangian particle dispersion model and then calculate a rate of change in particle properties. Initial aerosol conditions spanning an east–west, closed-cell-to-clear-air transition region of the cold-air outbreak indicate similar particle concentrations and properties. However, despite the similarities in the aerosol fields, the cloud properties downwind of each region evolved quite differently. One trajectory carried particles through a cold-air outbreak, resulting in a decrease in accumulation mode particle concentration ( − 42 %) and cloud droplet concentrations, while the other remained outside of the cold-air outbreak and experienced an increase in accumulation mode particle concentrations ( + 62 %). The variable meteorological conditions between these two adjacent trajectories result from differences in the local sea surface temperature in the Labrador Current and surrounding waters, altering the stability of the marine atmospheric boundary layer. Further comparisons of historical satellite observations indicate that the observed pattern occurs annually in the region, making it an ideal location for future airborne Lagrangian studies tracking the evolution of aerosols and clouds over time under cold-air outbreak conditions.
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-02
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Diversity and community structure of anaerobic gut fungi in the rumen of wild and domesticated herbivores.

Meili, Casey H / TagElDein, Moustafa A / Jones, Adrienne L / Moon, Christina D / Andrews, Catherine / Kirk, Michelle R / Janssen, Peter H / J Yeoman, Carl / Grace, Savannah / Borgogna, Joanna-Lynn C / Foote, Andrew P / Nagy, Yosra I / Kashef, Mona T / Yassin, Aymen S / Elshahed, Mostafa S / Youssef, Noha H

Applied and environmental microbiology

2024 Volume 90, Issue 2, Page(s) e0149223

Abstract: The rumen houses a diverse community that plays a major role in the digestion process in ruminants. Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) are key contributors to plant digestion in the rumen. Here, we present a global amplicon-based survey of the rumen AGF mycobiome ...

Abstract	The rumen houses a diverse community that plays a major role in the digestion process in ruminants. Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) are key contributors to plant digestion in the rumen. Here, we present a global amplicon-based survey of the rumen AGF mycobiome by examining 206 samples from 15 animal species, 15 countries, and 6 continents. The rumen AGF mycobiome was highly diverse, with 81 out of 88 currently recognized AGF genera or candidate genera identified. However, only six genera (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Animals ; Anaerobiosis ; Rumen/microbiology ; Herbivory ; Fungi/genetics ; Ruminants ; Deer
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	223011-2
ISSN	1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
ISSN (online)	1098-5336
ISSN	0099-2240
DOI	10.1128/aem.01492-23
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