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Article: Prostaglandin E

Gadelha, Larisse Ricardo / Costa, Maria Juliana Bezerra / Abreu, João Paulo Alecrim de / Venancio, Larissa Paola Rodrigues / Fabres-Klein, Mary Hellen / Klein, Raphael Contelli / Lima, Jonilson Berlink / Araújo-Santos, Théo

Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators

2024 Volume 172, Page(s) 106820

Abstract: Background: Prostaglandin E: Methods: This cross-sectional study involved non-infected (n = 10 ...

Abstract	Background: Prostaglandin E Methods: This cross-sectional study involved non-infected (n = 10) individuals and COVID-19 patients classified as cured (n = 13), oligosymptomatic (n = 29), severe (n = 15) or deceased (n = 11). Levels of D-dimer a, known COVID-19 severity marker, PGE Results: PGE Conclusions: Our data indicate that PGE
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1426962-4
ISSN	2212-196X ; 1098-8823 ; 0090-6980
ISSN (online)	2212-196X
ISSN	1098-8823 ; 0090-6980
DOI	10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106820
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Article ; Online: Nicotine information disclosed online by e-cigarette brands popular with young people.

Rykaczewski, Clara / Tackett, Alayna P / Klein, Elizabeth G / Singer, Jill M / Lu, Bo / Wold, Loren E / Wagner, Dylan D / Roberts, Megan E

Tobacco prevention & cessation

2024 Volume 10

Abstract: Introduction: E-cigarette use is most prevalent among adolescents and young adults - and there are ... information is provided on e-cigarette brand websites.: Methods: Based on national and local surveys ... we identified 44 e-cigarette brands commonly used in the US by adolescents and young adults ...

Abstract	Introduction: E-cigarette use is most prevalent among adolescents and young adults - and there are often misperceptions about product risk. The purpose of this study was to determine what nicotine information is provided on e-cigarette brand websites. Methods: Based on national and local surveys, we identified 44 e-cigarette brands commonly used in the US by adolescents and young adults. For each of these brands, their associated websites were analyzed for disclosed nicotine information. Specifically, for each brand's website, we coded whether there was information on nicotine concentration (recorded if a numerical value was provided such as '5% nicotine'), nicotine form (free-base, nicotine salts, or not stated), and nicotine type (tobacco-derived, synthetically derived, or not stated). Coding allowed for both lay (e.g. 'nic salts') as well as scientific (e.g. 'isomers') terms. Results: Of the 44 brands examined, all provided basic information on nicotine concentration (e.g. '5% nicotine'). However, 23% of brands did not disclose information on nicotine form (i.e. nicotine salt vs free-base), and 66% of brands did not disclose information on nicotine type (i.e. synthetic vs tobacco-derived). Conclusions: Overall, these results suggest that the e-cigarette industry is not fully informing its consumers about the nicotine in their products. Given that nicotine form and type have implications for e-cigarette addiction potential, these findings highlight a public health concern. There is a need for more comprehensive national regulations for mandating product constituents and emissions disclosures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	Greece
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2459-3087
ISSN (online)	2459-3087
DOI	10.18332/tpc/186953
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Article ; Online: What do young people know about the nicotine in their e-cigarettes?

Balzer, Grace / Landrus, Anthony / Ovestrud, Ilona / Singer, Jill M / Lu, Bo / Wagner, Dylan D / Klein, Elizabeth G / Wold, Loren E / Wilson, Clark / Tackett, Alayna P / Roberts, Megan E

Tobacco control

2023

Abstract: Introduction: In recent years, the nicotine in e-cigarettes has been available in either a 'free ... base' (unprotonated) or 'nicotine salt' (protonated) form. Additionally, e-cigarette nicotine can be ... bioavailability and sensory experiences. However, it is unclear if the young people using e-cigarettes are aware ...

Abstract	Introduction: In recent years, the nicotine in e-cigarettes has been available in either a 'free-base' (unprotonated) or 'nicotine salt' (protonated) form. Additionally, e-cigarette nicotine can be either 'synthetic' or 'tobacco-derived'. These dimensions of nicotine have implications for nicotine absorption, bioavailability and sensory experiences. However, it is unclear if the young people using e-cigarettes are aware of these nicotine dimensions. Methods: Data came from a cohort of Ohio youth (aged 15-24) who reported using an e-cigarette in the past 4 months (N=271). Participants were enrolled and provided background information in 2021; their 12-month follow-up survey asked about the presence, form and type of nicotine in their usual e-cigarette. Individuals who reported that they could distinguish between tobacco-derived and synthetic nicotine were additionally asked to describe the difference. Results: Of the 247 youth who reported that there was nicotine in their usual e-cigarette, 71.7% did not know whether it was free-base or nicotine salt and 75.7% did not know whether it was synthetic or tobacco-derived. Awareness was higher among youth who were using e-cigarettes at a greater frequency and quantity. The majority reported that they could not detect a difference between the experience of using synthetic vs tobacco-derived nicotine. Conclusions: These findings indicate the generally limited awareness about nicotine among youth who used e-cigarettes. Improvements in health communications and requirements for e-cigarette industry disclosures are necessary to ensure that consumers are better informed about the dimensions-and the risks-of the nicotine they are consuming.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1146554-2
ISSN	1468-3318 ; 0964-4563
ISSN (online)	1468-3318
ISSN	0964-4563
DOI	10.1136/tc-2023-058234
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Article ; Online: Demographic and Behavioral Differences Between Adolescents and Young Adults Who Use E-Cigarettes at Low and High Frequency.

Singer, Jill M / Tackett, Alayna P / Klein, Elizabeth G / Lu, Bo / Wagner, Dylan D / Wold, Loren E / Roberts, Megan E

Substance use & addiction journal

2024 Volume 45, Issue 2, Page(s) 232–239

Abstract: Background: Among adolescents and young adults (AYAs), "current use" of electronic cigarettes (e ... differences among those within this broad category. This study examined characteristics of AYAs who used e ... those who used e-cigarettes at a high frequency (6+ days out of the past 30 days).: Methods: We conducted ...

Abstract	Background: Among adolescents and young adults (AYAs), "current use" of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is commonly defined as any use in the past 30 days. However, few studies have examined differences among those within this broad category. This study examined characteristics of AYAs who used e-cigarettes at a low frequency (within the last 3 months but <6 days out of the past 30 days) and those who used e-cigarettes at a high frequency (6+ days out of the past 30 days). Methods: We conducted cross-sectional analyses among 551 Ohio AYAs (15- to 24-year-olds) who reported using an e-cigarette to vape nicotine in the past 3 months. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to characterize those using e-cigarettes at a low frequency and a high frequency. Results: Among our sample of AYAs who reported past 3-month e-cigarette use, about half (50.8%) reported using an e-cigarette 6 or more days out of the past 30 days (ie, high frequency). In the multivariable analysis, reported nicotine dependence (Odds Ratio [OR]: 7.0, 95% CI: 4.8, 10.3) and current other tobacco product use (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.9) were associated with high-frequency e-cigarette use. Conclusion: Our results suggest that frequency of use is an important characteristic in understanding AYA e-cigarette use. Any use in the past 30 days may not be sensitive enough to understand dependence and tobacco-use behaviors. Further characterizing "current" e-cigarette use by frequency of use may provide meaningful information for public health professionals to better target intervention and cessation efforts to AYAs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; Vaping ; Demography
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2976-7350
ISSN (online)	2976-7350
DOI	10.1177/29767342231214115
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Article ; Online: Addictive Potential of e-Cigarettes as Reported in e-Cigarette Online Forums: Netnographic Analysis of Subjective Experiences.

Szafran, Daria / Görig, Tatiana / Vollstädt-Klein, Sabine / Grundinger, Nadja / Mons, Ute / Lohner, Valerie / Schneider, Sven / Andreas, Marike

Journal of medical Internet research

2023 Volume 25, Page(s) e41669

Abstract: Background: While e-cigarettes usually contain nicotine, their addictive potential is not ... yet fully understood. We hypothesized that if e-cigarettes are addictive, users will experience typical ... symptoms of addiction.: Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate whether and how e-cigarette ...

Abstract	Background: While e-cigarettes usually contain nicotine, their addictive potential is not yet fully understood. We hypothesized that if e-cigarettes are addictive, users will experience typical symptoms of addiction. Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate whether and how e-cigarette users report signs of addiction. Methods: We identified 3 large German-language e-cigarette online forums via a systematic Google search. Based on a netnographic approach, we used deductive content analysis to investigate relevant posts in these forums. Netnography has the advantage of limiting the social desirability bias that prevails in face-to-face research, such as focus groups. The data were coded according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) criteria for tobacco use disorder, adapted for e-cigarettes. The DSM-5 criteria were used to portray a broad spectrum of possible experiences of addiction. Results: Overall, 5337 threads in 3 forums were screened, and 451 threads containing relevant information were included in the analysis. Users reported experiences consistent with the DSM-5 criteria, such as craving e-cigarettes, excessive time spent vaping, and health issues related to e-cigarette use. However, our analysis also showed that users reported the absence of typical tobacco use disorder criteria, such as successful attempts to reduce the nicotine dosage. For most themes, reports of their absence were more frequent than of their presence. The absence of perceived addiction was mostly reported in contrast to prior tobacco smoking. Conclusions: This is the first study to use a netnographic approach to explore unfiltered self-reports of experiences of e-cigarette addiction by users in online forums. As hypothesized, some but not all users reported subjective experiences that corresponded to the criteria of tobacco use disorder as defined by the DSM-5. Nevertheless, subjective reports also indicated that many e-cigarette users felt in control of their behavior, especially in contrast to their prior use of tobacco cigarettes. The finding that some e-cigarette users subjectively experience addiction highlights the need for effective cessation programs to support users who experience their e-cigarette use as burdensome. This research can guide the refinement of instruments to assess e-cigarette addiction and guide cessation programs. International registered report identifier (irrid): RR2-10.1186/s40359-021-00682-8.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Nicotine ; Tobacco Use Disorder ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Tobacco Products ; Vaping/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2028830-X
ISSN	1438-8871 ; 1438-8871
ISSN (online)	1438-8871
ISSN	1438-8871
DOI	10.2196/41669
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Article ; Online: Training in medical communication competence through video-based e-learning: How effective are video modeling and video reflection?

Schick, Kristina / Reiser, Sabine / Janssen, Laura / Schacht, Laura / Pittroff, Sylvia Irene Donata / Dörfler, Eva / Klein, Evelyn / Roenneberg, Casper / Dinkel, Andreas / Fleischmann, Andreas / Berberat, Pascal O / Bauer, Johannes / Gartmeier, Martin

Patient education and counseling

2023 Volume 121, Page(s) 108132

Abstract: Objective: The present study investigated the efficacy of the didactic approaches of video modeling (VM, best-practice examples), video reflection (VR, problem-based approach), and the combination of both (VMR) in fostering medical communication ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The present study investigated the efficacy of the didactic approaches of video modeling (VM, best-practice examples), video reflection (VR, problem-based approach), and the combination of both (VMR) in fostering medical communication competence in a video-based digital learning environment. Methods: N = 126 third-year medical students who participated in the pre-post study were assigned to either the intervention groups (VM, VR, and VMR) or the wait-list control group. The efficacy of the three approaches was assessed by means of a situational judgment test (SJT) of medical communication competence. To investigate the differences between the wait-list control and the intervention groups (H Results: The planned contrasts showed that the VR condition significantly improved learning outcomes in comparison to the VM condition (H Conclusions: Our study provides promising evidence that VR fosters medical communication competence more effectively than VM. Practical implications: Medical students' learning in video-based digital environments can be facilitated by the use of interactive VR.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Computer-Assisted Instruction ; Clinical Competence ; Learning ; Students, Medical ; Communication
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-29
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605590-4
ISSN	1873-5134 ; 0738-3991
ISSN (online)	1873-5134
ISSN	0738-3991
DOI	10.1016/j.pec.2023.108132
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Article ; Online: Deletion of Carboxypeptidase E in β-Cells Disrupts Proinsulin Processing but Does Not Lead to Spontaneous Development of Diabetes in Mice.

Chen, Yi-Chun / Taylor, Austin J / Fulcher, James M / Swensen, Adam C / Dai, Xiao-Qing / Komba, Mitsuhiro / Wrightson, Kenzie L C / Fok, Kenny / Patterson, Annette E / Klein Geltink, Ramon I / MacDonald, Patrick E / Qian, Wei-Jun / Verchere, C Bruce

Diabetes

2023 Volume 72, Issue 9, Page(s) 1277–1288

Abstract: Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) facilitates the conversion of prohormones into mature hormones and is ... Article highlights: Carboxypeptidase E (Cpe) is an enzyme that removes the carboxy-terminal arginine and ...

Abstract	Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) facilitates the conversion of prohormones into mature hormones and is highly expressed in multiple neuroendocrine tissues. Carriers of CPE mutations have elevated plasma proinsulin and develop severe obesity and hyperglycemia. We aimed to determine whether loss of Cpe in pancreatic β-cells disrupts proinsulin processing and accelerates development of diabetes and obesity in mice. Pancreatic β-cell-specific Cpe knockout mice (βCpeKO; Cpefl/fl x Ins1Cre/+) lack mature insulin granules and have elevated proinsulin in plasma; however, glucose-and KCl-stimulated insulin secretion in βCpeKO islets remained intact. High-fat diet-fed βCpeKO mice showed weight gain and glucose tolerance comparable with those of Wt littermates. Notably, β-cell area was increased in chow-fed βCpeKO mice and β-cell replication was elevated in βCpeKO islets. Transcriptomic analysis of βCpeKO β-cells revealed elevated glycolysis and Hif1α-target gene expression. On high glucose challenge, β-cells from βCpeKO mice showed reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species, reduced MafA, and elevated Aldh1a3 transcript levels. Following multiple low-dose streptozotocin injections, βCpeKO mice had accelerated development of hyperglycemia with reduced β-cell insulin and Glut2 expression. These findings suggest that Cpe and proper proinsulin processing are critical in maintaining β-cell function during the development of hyperglycemia. Article highlights: Carboxypeptidase E (Cpe) is an enzyme that removes the carboxy-terminal arginine and lysine residues from peptide precursors. Mutations in CPE lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans, and whole-body Cpe knockout or mutant mice are obese and hyperglycemic and fail to convert proinsulin to insulin. We show that β-cell-specific Cpe deletion in mice (βCpeKO) does not lead to the development of obesity or hyperglycemia, even after prolonged high-fat diet treatment. However, β-cell proliferation rate and β-cell area are increased, and the development of hyperglycemia induced by multiple low-dose streptozotocin injections is accelerated in βCpeKO mice.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Carboxypeptidase H/genetics ; Carboxypeptidase H/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hyperglycemia/genetics ; Hyperglycemia/metabolism ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Islets of Langerhans/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; Obesity/metabolism ; Proinsulin/metabolism ; Streptozocin
Chemical Substances	Carboxypeptidase H (EC 3.4.17.10) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2) ; Insulin ; Proinsulin (9035-68-1) ; Streptozocin (5W494URQ81)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80085-5
ISSN	1939-327X ; 0012-1797
ISSN (online)	1939-327X
ISSN	0012-1797
DOI	10.2337/db22-0945
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Article: Mitgliederversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Physician Assistants e.V.

Klein, Julia

Physician assistant

2023 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 12

Language	German
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2942556-6
ISSN	2626-2231
Database	Current Contents Medicine

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Article ; Online: Measurement of e^{+}e^{-} Momentum and Angular Distributions from Linearly Polarized Photon Collisions.

Adam, J / Adamczyk, L / Adams, J R / Adkins, J K / Agakishiev, G / Aggarwal, M M / Ahammed, Z / Alekseev, I / Anderson, D M / Aparin, A / Aschenauer, E C / Ashraf, M U / Atetalla, F G / Attri, A / Averichev, G S / Bairathi, V / Barish, K / Behera, A / Bellwied, R /

Bhasin, A / Bielcik, J / Bielcikova, J / Bland, L C / Bordyuzhin, I G / Brandenburg, J D / Brandin, A V / Butterworth, J / Caines, H / Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M / Cebra, D / Chakaberia, I / Chaloupka, P / Chan, B K / Chang, F-H / Chang, Z / Chankova-Bunzarova, N / Chatterjee, A / Chen, D / Chen, J H / Chen, X / Chen, Z / Cheng, J / Cherney, M / Chevalier, M / Choudhury, S / Christie, W / Crawford, H J / Csanád, M / Daugherity, M / Dedovich, T G / Deppner, I M / Derevschikov, A A / Didenko, L / Dong, X / Drachenberg, J L / Dunlop, J C / Edmonds, T / Elsey, N / Engelage, J / Eppley, G / Esha, R / Esumi, S / Evdokimov, O / Ewigleben, A / Eyser, O / Fatemi, R / Fazio, S / Federic, P / Fedorisin, J / Feng, C J / Feng, Y / Filip, P / Finch, E / Fisyak, Y / Francisco, A / Fulek, L / Gagliardi, C A / Galatyuk, T / Geurts, F / Gibson, A / Gopal, K / Grosnick, D / Hamad, A I / Hamed, A / Harris, J W / He, S / He, W / He, X / Heppelmann, S / Herrmann, N / Hoffman, E / Holub, L / Hong, Y / Horvat, S / Hu, Y / Huang, H Z / Huang, S L / Huang, T / Huang, X / Humanic, T J / Huo, P / Igo, G / Isenhower, D / Jacobs, W W / Jena, C / Jentsch, A / Ji, Y / Jia, J / Jiang, K / Jowzaee, S / Ju, X / Judd, E G / Kabana, S / Kabir, M L / Kagamaster, S / Kalinkin, D / Kang, K / Kapukchyan, D / Kauder, K / Ke, H W / Keane, D / Kechechyan, A / Kelsey, M / Khyzhniak, Y V / Kikoła, D P / Kim, C / Kimelman, B / Kincses, D / Kinghorn, T A / Kisel, I / Kiselev, A / Kisiel, A / Klein, S R / Kocan, M / Kochenda, L / Kosarzewski, L K / Kramarik, L / Kravtsov, P / Krueger, K / Kulathunga Mudiyanselage, N / Kumar, L / Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R / Kwasizur, J H / Lacey, R / Lan, S / Landgraf, J M / Lauret, J / Lebedev, A / Lednicky, R / Lee, J H / Leung, Y H / Li, C / Li, W / Li, X / Li, Y / Liang, Y / Licenik, R / Lin, T / Lin, Y / Lisa, M A / Liu, F / Liu, H / Liu, P / Liu, T / Liu, X / Liu, Y / Liu, Z / Ljubicic, T / Llope, W J / Longacre, R S / Lukow, N S / Luo, S / Luo, X / Ma, G L / Ma, L / Ma, R / Ma, Y G / Magdy, N / Majka, R / Mallick, D / Margetis, S / Markert, C / Matis, H S / Mazer, J A / Minaev, N G / Mioduszewski, S / Mohanty, B / Mooney, I / Moravcova, Z / Morozov, D A / Nagy, M / Nam, J D / Nasim, Md / Nayak, K / Neff, D / Nelson, J M / Nemes, D B / Nie, M / Nigmatkulov, G / Niida, T / Nogach, L V / Nonaka, T / Odyniec, G / Ogawa, A / Oh, S / Okorokov, V A / Page, B S / Pak, R / Pandav, A / Panebratsev, Y / Pawlik, B / Pawlowska, D / Pei, H / Perkins, C / Pinsky, L / Pintér, R L / Pluta, J / Porter, J / Posik, M / Pruthi, N K / Przybycien, M / Putschke, J / Qiu, H / Quintero, A / Radhakrishnan, S K / Ramachandran, S / Ray, R L / Reed, R / Ritter, H G / Roberts, J B / Rogachevskiy, O V / Romero, J L / Ruan, L / Rusnak, J / Sahoo, N R / Sako, H / Salur, S / Sandweiss, J / Sato, S / Schmidke, W B / Schmitz, N / Schweid, B R / Seck, F / Seger, J / Sergeeva, M / Seto, R / Seyboth, P / Shah, N / Shahaliev, E / Shanmuganathan, P V / Shao, M / Shen, F / Shen, W Q / Shi, S S / Shou, Q Y / Sichtermann, E P / Sikora, R / Simko, M / Singh, J / Singha, S / Smirnov, N / Solyst, W / Sorensen, P / Spinka, H M / Srivastava, B / Stanislaus, T D S / Stefaniak, M / Stewart, D J / Strikhanov, M / Stringfellow, B / Suaide, A A P / Sumbera, M / Summa, B / Sun, X M / Sun, Y / Surrow, B / Svirida, D N / Szymanski, P / Tang, A H / Tang, Z / Taranenko, A / Tarnowsky, T / Thomas, J H / Timmins, A R / Tlusty, D / Tokarev, M / Tomkiel, C A / Trentalange, S / Tribble, R E / Tribedy, P / Tripathy, S K / Tsai, O D / Tu, Z / Ullrich, T / Underwood, D G / Upsal, I / Van Buren, G / Vanek, J / Vasiliev, A N / Vassiliev, I / Videbæk, F / Vokal, S / Voloshin, S A / Wang, F / Wang, G / Wang, J S / Wang, P / Wang, Y / Wang, Z / Webb, J C / Weidenkaff, P C / Wen, L / Westfall, G D / Wieman, H / Wissink, S W / Witt, R / Wu, Y / Xiao, Z G / Xie, G / Xie, W / Xu, H / Xu, N / Xu, Q H / Xu, Y F / Xu, Y / Xu, Z / Yang, C / Yang, Q / Yang, S / Yang, Y / Yang, Z / Ye, Z / Yi, L / Yip, K / Zbroszczyk, H / Zha, W / Zhang, D / Zhang, S / Zhang, X P / Zhang, Y / Zhang, Z J / Zhang, Z / Zhao, J / Zhong, C / Zhou, C / Zhu, X / Zhu, Z / Zurek, M / Zyzak, M

Physical review letters

2021 Volume 127, Issue 5, Page(s) 52302

Abstract: ... at the experimental limit of ≤0.2% of the observed yields. The differential cross section as a function of e^{+}e^ ...

Abstract	The Breit-Wheeler process which produces matter and antimatter from photon collisions is experimentally investigated through the observation of 6085 exclusive electron-positron pairs in ultraperipheral Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. The measurements reveal a large fourth-order angular modulation of cos4Δϕ=(16.8±2.5)% and smooth invariant mass distribution absent of vector mesons (ϕ, ω, and ρ) at the experimental limit of ≤0.2% of the observed yields. The differential cross section as a function of e^{+}e^{-} pair transverse momentum P_{⊥} peaks at low value with sqrt[⟨P_{⊥}^{2}⟩]=38.1±0.9 MeV and displays a significant centrality dependence. These features are consistent with QED calculations for the collision of linearly polarized photons quantized from the extremely strong electromagnetic fields generated by the highly charged Au nuclei at ultrarelativistic speed. The experimental results have implications for vacuum birefringence and for mapping the magnetic field which is important for emergent QCD phenomena.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208853-8
ISSN	1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
ISSN (online)	1079-7114
ISSN	0031-9007
DOI	10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.052302
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Article ; Online: Testing potential disclosures for e-cigarette sponsorship on social media.

Klein, Elizabeth G / Kierstead, Elexis / Czaplicki, Lauren / Berman, Micah L / Emery, Sherry / Schillo, Barbara

Addictive behaviors

2021 Volume 125, Page(s) 107146

Abstract: Objectives: Few e-cigarette social media posts are authentic posts to friends; most come ... mobile device. Posts from e-cigarette influencers were manipulated to add either #ad or #sponsored ...

Abstract	Objectives: Few e-cigarette social media posts are authentic posts to friends; most come from commercially sponsored influencers. Potential disclosure strategies need to be tested to confirm whether users recognize such posts as commercially sponsored. Methods: Between July - August 2019, young adult (ages 16-24; n = 200) participants were recruited to view their native Instagram feed on a laboratory mobile device. Posts from e-cigarette influencers were manipulated to add either #ad or #sponsored while eye tracking software measured visual attention. Participants self-reported their interpretation of the hashtags in open-ended responses. Logistic regression analyses compared recognition of commercial content by condition, and qualitative content analyses summarized the key themes related to the hashtags. Results: The #ad condition had nearly twice the odds of commercial recognition compared to #sponsored (OR = 1.98, CI: 1.14-3.38). Every second of attention paid to the hashtag significantly increased the odds of commercial recognition by 22% (OR: 1.22, CI: 1.00-1.33). Conclusion: The #ad disclosure attracted visual attention and significantly increased recognition of commercial sponsorship from young social media users. Labeling commercially sponsored content on social media is a promising strategy to better inform users about paid social media influence.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Disclosure ; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Product Labeling ; Social Media ; Tobacco Products ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	197618-7
ISSN	1873-6327 ; 0306-4603
ISSN (online)	1873-6327
ISSN	0306-4603
DOI	10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107146
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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