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Article ; Online: Confucius, cyberpunk and Mr. Science: comparing AI ethics principles between China and the EU.

Fung, Pascale / Etienne, Hubert

AI and ethics

2022 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) 505–511

Abstract: We propose a comparative analysis of the AI ethical guidelines endorsed by China (from the Chinese National New Generation Artificial Intelligence Governance Professional Committee) and by the EU (from the European High-level Expert Group on AI). We show ...

Abstract	We propose a comparative analysis of the AI ethical guidelines endorsed by China (from the Chinese National New Generation Artificial Intelligence Governance Professional Committee) and by the EU (from the European High-level Expert Group on AI). We show that behind an apparent likeness in the concepts mobilized, the two documents largely differ in their normative approaches, which we explain by distinct ambitions resulting from different philosophical traditions, cultural heritages and historical contexts. In highlighting such differences, we show that it is erroneous to believe that a similarity in concepts necessarily translates into a similarity in ethics as even the same words may have different meanings from a country to another-as exemplified by that of "privacy". It would, therefore, be erroneous to believe that the world would have adopted a common set of ethical principles in only three years. China and the EU, however, share a common scientific method, inherited in the former from the "Chinese Enlightenment", which could contribute to better collaboration and understanding in the building of technical standards for the implementation of such ethics principles.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2730-5961
ISSN (online)	2730-5961
DOI	10.1007/s43681-022-00180-6
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Article ; Online: Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and an organizational health intervention on Dutch teachers' mental health.

Janssen, Math / Heerkens, Yvonne / Van der Heijden, Beatrice / Korzilius, Hubert / Peters, Pascale / Engels, Josephine

Health promotion international

2022 Volume 38, Issue 3

Abstract: This study aimed to test the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) combined with an organizational health intervention. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in five Dutch secondary vocational schools. Teachers were ... ...

Abstract	This study aimed to test the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) combined with an organizational health intervention. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in five Dutch secondary vocational schools. Teachers were assigned to Intervention Group 1 (IG1; MBSR) or 2 (IG2; MBSR and an organizational health intervention), or to the Waiting List Group. The primary outcome variable was mindfulness. Secondary outcomes included other mental health outcomes, work performance, personal competencies, and work-related perceptions. Data was collected before (T0), immediately after (T1), and three (T2) and nine months (T3) after the MBSR training and analyzed applying repeated measures between-subjects designs. As the additional intervention showed no effects, IG1 and IG2 were merged (IG). MBSR had positive short-term effects on the total mindfulness score, its dimensions 'observing' and 'non-reactivity', and the work engagement dimension 'dedication'. Long-term effects were found for the total mindfulness score, its dimensions 'observing', 'non-reactivity', and 'non-judging', sleep quality complaints, negative emotions, and negative work-home interaction. IG displayed a larger short- and long-term decrease in organizational commitment. No significant differences were found for work performance, personal competencies, and work-related perceptions. Although teachers did not perceive a decrease in job demands after the training, they felt more mindful and lowered their organizational commitment. Their mental health improved and their dedication during work increased. These findings may suggest that enhanced mindfulness enabled them to mentally disengage from work during their leisure time, which allowed them to experience fewer symptoms of psychological strain. The trail is registered with the Dutch Trial Register (www.trialregister.nl): NL5581 (July 2016).
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Health ; Mindfulness/methods ; Stress, Psychological/prevention & control ; Stress, Psychological/psychology ; Ethnicity ; Emotions
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1027448-0
ISSN	1460-2245 ; 0957-4824
ISSN (online)	1460-2245
ISSN	0957-4824
DOI	10.1093/heapro/daac008
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Article ; Online: Cancer immunotherapy: it's time to better predict patients' response.

Pilard, Charlotte / Ancion, Marie / Delvenne, Philippe / Jerusalem, Guy / Hubert, Pascale / Herfs, Michael

British journal of cancer

2021 Volume 125, Issue 7, Page(s) 927–938

Abstract: In less than a decade, half a dozen immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved and are currently revolutionising the treatment of many cancer (sub)types. With the clinical evaluation of novel delivery approaches (e.g. oncolytic viruses, cancer ... ...

Abstract	In less than a decade, half a dozen immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved and are currently revolutionising the treatment of many cancer (sub)types. With the clinical evaluation of novel delivery approaches (e.g. oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity) and combination therapies (e.g. chemo/radio-immunotherapy) as well as the emergence of novel promising targets (e.g. TIGIT, LAG-3, TIM-3), the 'immunotherapy tsunami' is not about to end anytime soon. However, this enthusiasm in the field is somewhat tempered by both the relatively low percentage (<15%) of patients who display an effective anti-cancer immune response and the inability to accurately identify them. Recently, several existing or acquired features/parameters have been shown to impact the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In the present review, we critically discuss current knowledge regarding predictive biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy, highlight the missing/unclear links and emphasise the importance of characterising each neoplasm and its microenvironment in order to better guide the course of treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Immunotherapy/methods ; Killer Cells, Natural/transplantation ; Neoplasms/immunology ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Oncolytic Virotherapy
Chemical Substances	Cancer Vaccines ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	80075-2
ISSN	1532-1827 ; 0007-0920
ISSN (online)	1532-1827
ISSN	0007-0920
DOI	10.1038/s41416-021-01413-x
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Article ; Online: Dynamics of Territorial Occupation by North American Beavers in Canadian Boreal Forests

Julie-Pascale Labrecque-Foy / Hubert Morin / Miguel Montoro Girona

Forests, Vol 11, Iss 2, p

A Novel Dendroecological Approach

2020 Volume 221

Abstract: Research Highlights: Our study highlights a new, simple, and effective method for studying the habitat use by beavers in Canadian boreal forests. Information regarding the presence of beaver colonies and their habitat occupation is essential for proper ... ...

Abstract	Research Highlights: Our study highlights a new, simple, and effective method for studying the habitat use by beavers in Canadian boreal forests. Information regarding the presence of beaver colonies and their habitat occupation is essential for proper forest management and damage prevention in the boreal forest. Background and Objectives: The North American beaver ( Castor canadensis ) is a major element of natural disturbance, altering the dynamics and structure of boreal forest landscapes. Beaver-related activities also affect human infrastructure, cause floods, and lead to important monetary losses for forestry industries. Our study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of beaver occupation of lodges over time. Materials and Methods: Using a dendroecological approach to date browsing activity, we studied the occupation of two lodges per water body for eight water bodies located in the boreal forest of Québec, Canada. Results: Three sites showed alternating patterns of lodge use (occupation) over time, three sites (37.5%) demonstrated no alternating patterns of use, and two sites (25%) presented unclear patterns of lodge use. Conclusions: Alternating patterns of lodge use can be linked to food depletion and the need to regenerate vegetation around lodges, while non-alternating patterns may be related to fluctuations in water levels, the specific shrub and tree species surrounding the lodges, the size of the beaver territory, and the number of lodges present on a water body.
Keywords	engineer species ; forest damages ; habitat ; natural disturbances ; population dynamic ; wildlife ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training on Healthcare Professionals’ Mental Health

Math Janssen / Beatrice Van der Heijden / Josephine Engels / Hubert Korzilius / Pascale Peters / Yvonne Heerkens

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 9420, p

Results from a Pilot Study Testing Its Predictive Validity in a Specialized Hospital Setting

2020 Volume 9420

Abstract: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) training and to examine positive and negative symptom-focused mental health variables. The mental health variables were used to test the ... ...

Abstract	This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) training and to examine positive and negative symptom-focused mental health variables. The mental health variables were used to test the predictive validity of the training among healthcare professionals. Thirty healthcare professionals participated in this non-randomized pre-post intervention pilot study. The questionnaire on mental health was filled in twice. Baseline and post-intervention differences were tested with paired samples t -tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. The participants’ evaluation of the training was assessed with a five-item questionnaire. The recruitment and retention were successful, and participants’ evaluation of the training itself was positive but the influence on daily life was rated only moderately positive. In comparison with baseline at post-intervention participants showed significant improvements in general mindfulness, the burnout dimension personal accomplishment, quality of sleep, positive emotions, and self-efficacy. A significant decrease was found in the burnout dimension emotional exhaustion, stress level, negative emotions at work, and worrying. No significant changes were found for the burnout dimension mental distance, and work engagement. The measures showed ample within-person differences and low, medium, or high effect sizes. The current trial approach of the MBSR training seems feasible and acceptable. Our results suggest that mindfulness, burnout, stress level, quality of sleep, positive emotions at work, negative emotions at work, self-efficacy, and worrying are meaningful mental health variables for inclusion in a larger-scale Randomized Controlled Trial on the effects of MBSR.
Keywords	mindfulness ; mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) ; mental health variables ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796 ; 150
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial on mindfulness-based stress reduction

Math Janssen / Yvonne Heerkens / Beatrice Van der Heijden / Hubert Korzilius / Pascale Peters / Josephine Engels

Trials, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

studying effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction and an additional organisational health intervention on mental health and work-related perceptions of teachers in Dutch secondary vocational schools

2020 Volume 18

Abstract: Abstract Background Dutch teachers in secondary vocational schools suffer from stress and burnout complaints that can cause considerable problems at work. This paper presents a study design that can be used to evaluate the short-term and long-term ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Dutch teachers in secondary vocational schools suffer from stress and burnout complaints that can cause considerable problems at work. This paper presents a study design that can be used to evaluate the short-term and long-term effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), a person-focused intervention, both within and outside of the context of an additional organisational health intervention. Methods The proposed study comprises a cluster randomised controlled trial that will be conducted in at least three secondary vocational schools, to which teachers will be recruited from three types of courses: Care, Technology, and Economy. The allocation of the intervention programme to the participating schools will be randomised. The teachers from each school will be assigned to intervention group 1 (IG 1), intervention group 2 (IG 2), or the waiting list group (WG). IG 1 will receive MBSR training and IG 2 will receive MBSR training combined with an additional organisational health intervention. WG, that is the control group, will receive MBSR training one year later. The primary outcome variable of the proposed study is mindfulness, which will be measured using the Dutch version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-NL). In the conceptual model, the effects of teachers’ mindfulness resulting from the intervention programmes (MBSR training and MBSR training combined with an additional organisational health intervention) will be related to salient (secondary outcome) variables: mental health outcomes (e.g., burnout, work engagement), work performance, work-related perceptions (job demands and job resources), and personal competencies (e.g., occupational self-efficacy). Data will be collected before (T0) and immediately after the MBSR training (T1), and 3 (T2) and 9 months (T3) after the training. The power analysis revealed a required sample size of 66 teachers (22 in each group). Discussion The proposed study aims to provide insight into (1) the short-term and long-term ...
Keywords	Mindfulness-based stress reduction ; Additional organisational health intervention ; Mental health ; Teachers ; Longitudinal approach ; Mindfulness ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Interprofessional Teamwork in Acute Geriatric Care: Where Are the Pharmacists?

Spinewine, Anne / Mouzon, Ariane / Dalleur, Olivia / de Saint Hubert, Marie / Cornette, Pascale / Schoevaerdts, Didier

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

2017 Volume 66, Issue 2, Page(s) 416–417

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Belgium ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Patient Care Team ; Pharmacists
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80363-7
ISSN	1532-5415 ; 0002-8614
ISSN (online)	1532-5415
ISSN	0002-8614
DOI	10.1111/jgs.15177
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Article ; Online: Post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression and burnout in nursing home staff in South France during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conejero, Ismael / Petrier, Melissa / Fabbro Peray, Pascale / Voisin, Christelle / Courtet, Philippe / Potier, Hugo / Elotmani, Loubna / Lafont, Brigitte / Lefrant, Jean-Yves / Lopez Castroman, Jorge / Arbus, Christophe / Blain, Hubert

Translational psychiatry

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 205

Abstract: The high mortality rate in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic may be linked to psychological disorders in staff. Hence, we assessed the prevalence and associated factors of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and ... ...

Abstract	The high mortality rate in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic may be linked to psychological disorders in staff. Hence, we assessed the prevalence and associated factors of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and burnout of nursing home staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional study including 66 randomly selected nursing homes in southern France. 537 of the contacted 3 821 nursing home workers (14.0%) responded between April and October 2021. We collected information on center organization, severity of COVID-19 exposure, and socio-demographic information in an online survey. The prevalence of probable PTSD (PCL-5), anxiety and depressive disorders (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale) and the sub-scores of burnout syndrome (Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel) were assessed. Probable PTSD was reported in 115/537 responders (21.4% (95% CI [18.0%-24.9%])). After adjustment, low-level exposure to COVID-19 in nursing home residents (AOR, 0.5; 95% CI [0.3-0.9]), fear of managing COVID-19 residents (AOR, 3.5; 95% CI [1.9-6.4]), conflicts with residents (AOR, 2.3; 95% CI, [1.2-4.4]), conflicts with colleagues (AOR, 3.6; 95% CI [1.7-8.6]), cancellation of leave (AOR, 4.8; 95% CI [2.0-11.7]) and temporary worker employment (AOR, 3.4; 95% CI [1.7-6.9]) were associated with higher prevalence of probable PTSD. The prevalence of probable anxiety and depression were 28.8% (95% CI [24.9%-32.7%]) and 10.4% (95% CI [7.8%-13.1%]), respectively. Psychological disorders were observed in nearly one third of nursing home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, continuous surveys and preventive measures are needed in this particularly at-risk population.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Pandemics ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Burnout, Professional/epidemiology ; Nursing Homes
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2609311-X
ISSN	2158-3188 ; 2158-3188
ISSN (online)	2158-3188
ISSN	2158-3188
DOI	10.1038/s41398-023-02488-1
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Article ; Online: Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training on Healthcare Professionals' Mental Health: Results from a Pilot Study Testing Its Predictive Validity in a Specialized Hospital Setting.

Janssen, Math / Van der Heijden, Beatrice / Engels, Josephine / Korzilius, Hubert / Peters, Pascale / Heerkens, Yvonne

International journal of environmental research and public health

2020 Volume 17, Issue 24

Abstract	This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) training and to examine positive and negative symptom-focused mental health variables. The mental health variables were used to test the predictive validity of the training among healthcare professionals. Thirty healthcare professionals participated in this non-randomized pre-post intervention pilot study. The questionnaire on mental health was filled in twice. Baseline and post-intervention differences were tested with paired samples
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Health Personnel/psychology ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Middle Aged ; Mindfulness/education ; Mindfulness/methods ; Occupational Stress/prevention & control ; Occupational Stress/psychology ; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care ; Pilot Projects ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Stress, Psychological/prevention & control ; Stress, Psychological/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph17249420
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Article: Dynamics of Territorial Occupation by North American Beavers in Canadian Boreal Forests: A Novel Dendroecological Approach

Labrecque-Foy, Julie-Pascale / Morin, Hubert / Girona, Miguel Montoro

Forests. 2020 Feb. 14, v. 11, no. 2

2020

Abstract	Research Highlights: Our study highlights a new, simple, and effective method for studying the habitat use by beavers in Canadian boreal forests. Information regarding the presence of beaver colonies and their habitat occupation is essential for proper forest management and damage prevention in the boreal forest. Background and Objectives: The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) is a major element of natural disturbance, altering the dynamics and structure of boreal forest landscapes. Beaver-related activities also affect human infrastructure, cause floods, and lead to important monetary losses for forestry industries. Our study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of beaver occupation of lodges over time. Materials and Methods: Using a dendroecological approach to date browsing activity, we studied the occupation of two lodges per water body for eight water bodies located in the boreal forest of Québec, Canada. Results: Three sites showed alternating patterns of lodge use (occupation) over time, three sites (37.5%) demonstrated no alternating patterns of use, and two sites (25%) presented unclear patterns of lodge use. Conclusions: Alternating patterns of lodge use can be linked to food depletion and the need to regenerate vegetation around lodges, while non-alternating patterns may be related to fluctuations in water levels, the specific shrub and tree species surrounding the lodges, the size of the beaver territory, and the number of lodges present on a water body.
Keywords	Castor canadensis ; boreal forests ; browsing ; dendroecology ; floods ; forest industries ; forest management ; habitat preferences ; habitats ; infrastructure ; landscapes ; occupations ; shrubs ; surface water ; territoriality ; trees ; Quebec
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0214
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2527081-3
ISSN	1999-4907
ISSN	1999-4907
DOI	10.3390/f11020221
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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