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  1. Article ; Online: Immunology of protection from Ebola virus infection.

    Krause, Philip R / Bryant, Paula R / Clark, Thomas / Dempsey, Walla / Henchal, Erik / Michael, Nelson L / Regules, Jason A / Gruber, Marion F

    Science translational medicine

    2015  Volume 7, Issue 286, Page(s) 286ps11

    Abstract: A December 2014 meeting reviewed Ebola virus immunology relevant to vaccine development, including Ebola prevention, immunity, assay standardization, and regulatory considerations. Vaccinated humans appear to achieve immune responses comparable in ... ...

    Abstract A December 2014 meeting reviewed Ebola virus immunology relevant to vaccine development, including Ebola prevention, immunity, assay standardization, and regulatory considerations. Vaccinated humans appear to achieve immune responses comparable in magnitude with those associated with protection in nonhuman primates, suggesting that immunological data could be used to demonstrate vaccine efficacy.
    MeSH term(s) Adenoviridae/immunology ; Africa, Western ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Congresses as Topic ; Ebola Vaccines/immunology ; Ebola Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Ebolavirus/immunology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunity, Humoral ; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.) ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Viral ; Ebola Vaccines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-05-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2518854-9
    ISSN 1946-6242 ; 1946-6234
    ISSN (online) 1946-6242
    ISSN 1946-6234
    DOI 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa8202
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Identification and typing of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by monoclonal antibodies, sensitivity to the drug (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, and restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA.

    Zimmerman, D H / Mundon, F K / Croson, S E / Henchal, L S / Docherty, J J / O'Neill, S P

    Journal of medical virology

    1985  Volume 15, Issue 3, Page(s) 215–222

    Abstract: ... increasingly of importance. The compound (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) has been shown to be much ...

    Abstract With development of antiviral drugs, the need to identify a virus as to drug sensitivity becomes increasingly of importance. The compound (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) has been shown to be much more inhibitory to the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus as opposed to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). We have typed over 170 isolates, using an immunofluorescent technique and sensitivity to the drug BVDU. These results were then compared to the typing of isolates by analysis of viral DNA after restriction endonuclease digestion (EcoRI). Without exception the results were in agreement between the monoclonal antibody results and sensitivity to the drug BVDU. Furthermore, the typing with monoclonal antibodies was also in excellent agreement with the DNA analysis. Only those isolates inhibited with BVDU showed DNA characteristics of HSV-1 and reacted only with the S-200 antibody. On the other hand, those isolates which reacted with the monoclonal antibody S-141 were insensitive to BVDU, and again this was in agreement with the DNA analysis. These results could provide the basis for developing a diagnostic test using the two monoclonal antibodies to type either isolates or direct smears and to use the results as a basis for possible drug therapy.
    MeSH term(s) Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Bromodeoxyuridine/analogs & derivatives ; Bromodeoxyuridine/pharmacology ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/analysis ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Radioimmunoassay ; Simplexvirus/classification ; Simplexvirus/drug effects ; Simplexvirus/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; DNA, Viral ; brivudine (2M3055079H) ; DNA Restriction Enzymes (EC 3.1.21.-) ; Bromodeoxyuridine (G34N38R2N1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1985-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.1890150302
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Synergistic interactions of anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies protect passively immunized mice from lethal challenge with dengue 2 virus.

    Henchal, E A / Henchal, L S / Schlesinger, J J

    The Journal of general virology

    1988  Volume 69 Pt 8, Page(s) 2101–2107

    Abstract: Non-neutralizing, serotype-specific anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies partially protected passively immunized mice from lethal dengue 2 virus intracerebral challenge. There was no apparent correlation between complement-fixing activity and protective ... ...

    Abstract Non-neutralizing, serotype-specific anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies partially protected passively immunized mice from lethal dengue 2 virus intracerebral challenge. There was no apparent correlation between complement-fixing activity and protective capacity among individual anti-NS1 monoclonal antibodies. Immunization with specific combinations of non-protective or partially protective antibodies resulted in prolonged survival or reduced mortality. Solid protection, equal to that achieved after immunization with neutralizing polyclonal antibody, was achieved only with an antibody pair which individually fixed complement to high titre with homologous virus. Some groups of mice had increased morbidity after immunization with combinations of protective monoclonal antibodies that bind to overlapping epitopes. These results may affect the design of recombinant dengue vaccines which may require the inclusion of serotype-specific antigenic domains.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Complement Fixation Tests ; Dengue/prevention & control ; Dengue Virus/immunology ; Female ; Hybridomas ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Mice ; Radioimmunoassay
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G
    Language English
    Publishing date 1988-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 219316-4
    ISSN 1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
    ISSN (online) 1465-2099
    ISSN 0022-1317
    DOI 10.1099/0022-1317-69-8-2101
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Development of internal controls for probe-based nucleic acid diagnostic assays.

    Courtney, B C / Smith, M M / Henchal, E A

    Analytical biochemistry

    1999  Volume 270, Issue 2, Page(s) 249–256

    Abstract: ... probes for use in probe-based nucleic acid diagnostic assays (i.e., PCR-ELISA). The technique is ...

    Abstract A method is described for the design, evaluation, and application of internal control targets and probes for use in probe-based nucleic acid diagnostic assays (i.e., PCR-ELISA). The technique is a modified version of oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in conjunction with PCR amplification to develop a novel probe-annealing sequence in a cloned IS1111a gene fragment of Coxiella burnetii. The internal control probe-recognition site with its complementary probe was identical to the wild-type-specific probe in length, base composition, location, and annealing temperature. Neither the internal control nor the wild-type probes annealed to the recognition sequence of the other. As both of the amplified nucleic acid fragments, internal control and wild type, were identical in length and base composition, the amplification conditions for the diagnostic assay were not affected. This allowed small copy numbers of the internal control clone to be loaded into a diagnostic assay without negatively affecting it. In a single reaction we were able to differentiate between an assay reporting a true or false-negative signal. A negative signal is defined as the absence of detectable pathogen genetic material (true) or inhibition/failure of the reaction (false).
    MeSH term(s) Base Sequence ; Coxiella burnetii/genetics ; Coxiella burnetii/isolation & purification ; DNA Primers/genetics ; DNA Probes/genetics ; DNA Probes/standards ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/standards ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/statistics & numerical data ; False Negative Reactions ; Humans ; Molecular Probe Techniques/standards ; Molecular Probe Techniques/statistics & numerical data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data ; Q Fever/diagnosis ; Q Fever/microbiology ; Quality Control ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances DNA Primers ; DNA Probes ; DNA, Bacterial
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1110-1
    ISSN 1096-0309 ; 0003-2697
    ISSN (online) 1096-0309
    ISSN 0003-2697
    DOI 10.1006/abio.1999.4099
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Topological mapping of unique epitopes on the dengue-2 virus NS1 protein using monoclonal antibodies.

    Henchal, E A / Henchal, L S / Thaisomboonsuk, B K

    The Journal of general virology

    1987  Volume 68 Pt 3, Page(s) 845–851

    Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies were produced against two distinct Thai dengue-2 (DEN-2) virus strains isolated in 1980 from dengue haemorrhagic fever patients. Nine of 36 hybridomas produced monoclonal IgG antibodies which reacted in radioimmune precipitation ... ...

    Abstract Monoclonal antibodies were produced against two distinct Thai dengue-2 (DEN-2) virus strains isolated in 1980 from dengue haemorrhagic fever patients. Nine of 36 hybridomas produced monoclonal IgG antibodies which reacted in radioimmune precipitation assays with the NS1 non-structural protein (42,000 mol. wt.) from DEN-2-infected C6/36 (Aedes albopictus) cells. The virus specificity of NS1-reactive monoclonal antibodies was determined by indirect immunofluorescence assays using LLC-MK2 cells infected with either the Thai 1980 DEN-2 isolates, prototype DEN viruses (four serotypes), Japanese encephalitis (JE), Murray Valley encephalitis, West Nile, Wesselbron or Tembusu viruses. Eight of the monoclonal antibody preparations were DEN-2-serotype specific. One preparation defined a special serological relationship between DEN-2 and JE viruses. Four preparations had detectable complement fixation titres using Thai DEN-2 virus antigen. Six spatially unique epitopes were identified using competitive binding assays.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Dengue Virus/analysis ; Dengue Virus/isolation & purification ; Epitopes/analysis ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Molecular Weight ; Radioimmunoassay ; Viral Proteins/analysis ; Viral Proteins/immunology
    Chemical Substances Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Epitopes ; Viral Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 1987-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 219316-4
    ISSN 1465-2099 ; 0022-1317
    ISSN (online) 1465-2099
    ISSN 0022-1317
    DOI 10.1099/0022-1317-68-3-845
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: The dengue viruses.

    Henchal, E A / Putnak, J R

    Clinical microbiology reviews

    1990  Volume 3, Issue 4, Page(s) 376–396

    Abstract: Dengue, a major public health problem throughout subtropical and tropical regions, is an acute infectious disease characterized by biphasic fever, headache, pain in various parts of the body, prostration, rash, lymphadenopathy, and leukopenia. In more ... ...

    Abstract Dengue, a major public health problem throughout subtropical and tropical regions, is an acute infectious disease characterized by biphasic fever, headache, pain in various parts of the body, prostration, rash, lymphadenopathy, and leukopenia. In more severe or complicated dengue, patients present with a severe febrile illness characterized by abnormalities of hemostasis and increased vascular permeability, which in some instances results in a hypovolemic shock. Four distinct serotypes of the dengue virus (dengue-1, dengue-2, dengue-3, and dengue-4) exist, with numerous virus strains found worldwide. Molecular cloning methods have led to a greater understanding of the structure of the RNA genome and definition of virus-specific structural and nonstructural proteins. Progress towards producing safe, effective dengue virus vaccines, a goal for over 45 years, has been made.
    MeSH term(s) Dengue/diagnosis ; Dengue/microbiology ; Dengue/pathology ; Dengue/prevention & control ; Dengue Virus/classification ; Dengue Virus/genetics ; Dengue Virus/physiology ; Dengue Virus/ultrastructure ; Humans ; RNA, Viral/biosynthesis ; Virus Replication
    Chemical Substances RNA, Viral
    Language English
    Publishing date 1990-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 645015-5
    ISSN 1098-6618 ; 0893-8512
    ISSN (online) 1098-6618
    ISSN 0893-8512
    DOI 10.1128/CMR.3.4.376
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  7. Article: Development and evaluation of a fluorogenic 5' nuclease assay to detect and differentiate between Ebola virus subtypes Zaire and Sudan.

    Gibb, T R / Norwood, D A / Woollen, N / Henchal, E A

    Journal of clinical microbiology

    2001  Volume 39, Issue 11, Page(s) 4125–4130

    Abstract: The ability to rapidly recognize Ebola virus infections is critical to quickly limit further spread of the disease. A rapid, sensitive, and specific laboratory diagnostic test is needed to confirm outbreaks of Ebola virus infection and to distinguish it ... ...

    Abstract The ability to rapidly recognize Ebola virus infections is critical to quickly limit further spread of the disease. A rapid, sensitive, and specific laboratory diagnostic test is needed to confirm outbreaks of Ebola virus infection and to distinguish it from other diseases that can cause similar clinical symptoms. A one-tube reverse transcription-PCR assay for the identification of Ebola virus subtype Zaire (Ebola Zaire) and Ebola virus subtype Sudan (Ebola Sudan) was developed and evaluated by using the ABI PRISM 7700 sequence detection system. This assay uses one common primer set and two differentially labeled fluorescent probes to simultaneously detect and differentiate these two subtypes of Ebola virus. The sensitivity of the primer set was comparable to that of previously designed primer sets, as determined by limit-of-detection experiments. This assay is unique in its ability to simultaneously detect and differentiate Ebola Zaire and Ebola Sudan. In addition, this assay is compatible with emerging rapid nucleic acid analysis platforms and therefore may prove to be a very useful diagnostic tool for the control and management of future outbreaks.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; DNA Primers ; Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism ; Ebolavirus/classification ; Ebolavirus/genetics ; Ebolavirus/isolation & purification ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/diagnosis ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology ; Humans ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Taq Polymerase/genetics ; Taq Polymerase/metabolism
    Chemical Substances DNA Primers ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Taq Polymerase (EC 2.7.7.-) ; Deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-10-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390499-4
    ISSN 1098-660X ; 0095-1137
    ISSN (online) 1098-660X
    ISSN 0095-1137
    DOI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4125-4130.2001
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  8. Article: Development and evaluation of a fluorogenic 5'-nuclease assay to identify Marburg virus.

    Gibb, T R / Norwood, D A / Woollen, N / Henchal, E A

    Molecular and cellular probes

    2001  Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) 259–266

    Abstract: The ability to rapidly recognize Marburg virus infections is critical to quickly institute proper barrier nursing precautions and limit further spread of the disease. A rapid, sensitive, and specific laboratory diagnostic test is necessary to confirm ... ...

    Abstract The ability to rapidly recognize Marburg virus infections is critical to quickly institute proper barrier nursing precautions and limit further spread of the disease. A rapid, sensitive, and specific laboratory diagnostic test is necessary to confirm outbreaks of Marburg virus and to distinguish it from other diseases that can present with similar clinical symptoms. A one-tube reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the identification of Marburg virus was developed and evaluated using the ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System and TaqMan chemistry. The sensitivity and specificity of the newly designed primer/probe set (MBGGP3) was evaluated. MBGGP3 was equivalent to or 10-100-fold more sensitive than previously designed primer sets as determined by limit of detection experiments. In addition, the MBGGP3 assay was able to detect all strains of Marburg virus tested, but gave negative results with other haemorrhagic fever and genetically related viruses. The results of this study indicate that the MBGGP3 primer/probe set is both sensitive and specific. In addition, this assay is compatible with emerging rapid nucleic acid analysis platforms and therefore may prove to be a useful diagnostic tool for the control and management of future outbreaks.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; DNA Primers ; DNA Probes ; Deoxyribonucleases/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism ; Humans ; Macaca fascicularis ; Marburg Virus Disease/diagnosis ; Marburgvirus/classification ; Marburgvirus/genetics ; Marburgvirus/isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances DNA Primers ; DNA Probes ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 639082-1
    ISSN 1096-1194 ; 0890-8508
    ISSN (online) 1096-1194
    ISSN 0890-8508
    DOI 10.1006/mcpr.2001.0369
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  9. Article: Comparison of dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassays to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Yersinia pestis-specific F1 antigen, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.

    Smith, D R / Rossi, C A / Kijek, T M / Henchal, E A / Ludwig, G V

    Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology

    2001  Volume 8, Issue 6, Page(s) 1070–1075

    Abstract: The dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassays (DELFIA) were developed for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Yersinia pestis-specific F1 antigen, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. These assays were compared to ... ...

    Abstract The dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassays (DELFIA) were developed for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, Yersinia pestis-specific F1 antigen, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. These assays were compared to previously developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) by determining the sensitivity or limit of detection (LOD), the dynamic range, and the reproducibility of each assay in a number of different sample matrices. The sensitivity and specificity of each assay were then determined by using a small panel of blinded spiked and nonspiked samples. All three DELFIAs demonstrated at least 1 log greater sensitivity than corresponding ELISAs utilizing the same reagents and showed an increase in dynamic range of at least 2 log(10) concentrations. This increased LOD resulted in higher sensitivity rates for the DELFIA. The specificity of all of the assays evaluated was 100%, and no sample matrix effects were observed in either format. However, the reproducibility of the DELFIA was poor due to randomly distributed wells exhibiting excessive background signal (hot wells), which occurred throughout the evaluation. As this technology matures, the reproducibility of these assays should improve, as will the ability to identify hot wells. Despite its sensitivity, the logistical burden associated with the DELFIA and the technical expertise required to complete assays and interpret the data limit the application of this technology to reference or large clinical laboratories.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/analysis ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/isolation & purification ; Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/diagnosis ; Enterotoxins/analysis ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Europium ; Fluoroimmunoassay ; Horseradish Peroxidase ; Kidney/cytology ; Lanthanoid Series Elements ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis ; Yersinia Infections/diagnosis
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; Enterotoxins ; Lanthanoid Series Elements ; caf1 protein, Yersinia pestis ; enterotoxin B, staphylococcal (39424-53-8) ; Europium (444W947O8O) ; Horseradish Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1193675-7
    ISSN 1098-6588 ; 1071-412X
    ISSN (online) 1098-6588
    ISSN 1071-412X
    DOI 10.1128/CDLI.8.6.1070-1075.2001
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  10. Article: Current laboratory methods for biological threat agent identification.

    Henchal, E A / Teska, J D / Ludwig, G V / Shoemaker, D R / Ezzell, J W

    Clinics in laboratory medicine

    2001  Volume 21, Issue 3, Page(s) 661–678

    Abstract: The authors present an integrated approach for the identification of biological threat agents. The methods used have been used extensively in field exercises and during response to incidents of biological terrorism. A diagnostic system, which integrates ... ...

    Abstract The authors present an integrated approach for the identification of biological threat agents. The methods used have been used extensively in field exercises and during response to incidents of biological terrorism. A diagnostic system, which integrates the clinical diagnosis or medical intelligence with immunodiagnostic tests, rapid gene amplification assays, and standard culture, provides results of the highest quality and confidence. In the future, selected reagents and technologies will be distributed through a network of civilian and military laboratories.
    MeSH term(s) Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; Bioterrorism ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Humans ; Microbiological Techniques ; Toxins, Biological/analysis
    Chemical Substances Toxins, Biological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604580-7
    ISSN 1557-9832 ; 0272-2712
    ISSN (online) 1557-9832
    ISSN 0272-2712
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