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Article: The neurological examination adapted for neuropsychiatry.

Benjamin, Sheldon / Lauterbach, Margo D

2018 Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 219–227

Abstract: The neuropsychiatric examination includes standard neurological and cognitive examination techniques with several additional observations and tasks designed to capture abnormalities common among patients with neuropsychiatric disorders or neurocognitive ... ...

Abstract	The neuropsychiatric examination includes standard neurological and cognitive examination techniques with several additional observations and tasks designed to capture abnormalities common among patients with neuropsychiatric disorders or neurocognitive complaints. Although useful as a screening tool, a single standardized rating scale such as the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is insufficient to establish a neuropsychiatric diagnosis. Extra attention is paid to findings commonly seen in the setting of psychiatric disorders, dementias, movement disorders, or dysfunction of cortical or subcortical structures. Dysmorphic features, dermatologic findings, neurodevelopmental signs, signs of embellishment, and expanded neurocognitive testing are included. The neuropsychiatric clinician utilizes the techniques described in this article to adapt the examination to each patient's situation, choosing the most appropriate techniques to supplement the basic neurological and psychiatric examinations in support of diagnostic hypotheses being considered. The added examination techniques facilitate diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders and enable neuropsychiatric formulation.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Neurologic Examination/methods ; Neuropsychiatry/methods ; Psychological Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2008418-3
ISSN	2165-6509 ; 1092-8529
ISSN (online)	2165-6509
ISSN	1092-8529
DOI	10.1017/S1092852918000925
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Article ; Online: Photography's Underappreciated Contributions to Neuropsychiatry: The Photographs of W. Eugene Smith in Minamata, Japan.

Schildkrout, Barbara / Raj, Shreya / MacGillivray, Lindsey / Lauterbach, Margo D

The Journal of nervous and mental disease

2020 Volume 208, Issue 7, Page(s) 574–578

Abstract: Photographers and filmmakers have made important contributions to the international mental health community through documentation and social commentary, leveraging the power of visual imagery. To illustrate, this article uses the example of W. Eugene ... ...

Abstract	Photographers and filmmakers have made important contributions to the international mental health community through documentation and social commentary, leveraging the power of visual imagery. To illustrate, this article uses the example of W. Eugene Smith who photographed the catastrophic effects of methylmercury poisoning from industrial pollution in the region around Minamata Bay, Japan. Although many art forms have been comfortably integrated into mainstream psychiatry and neuropsychiatry, photography has been underappreciated and underutilized.
MeSH term(s)	History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Japan ; Mercury Poisoning, Nervous System/history ; Methylmercury Compounds/poisoning ; Neuropsychiatry/methods ; Photography/history
Chemical Substances	Methylmercury Compounds
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3020-x
ISSN	1539-736X ; 0022-3018
ISSN (online)	1539-736X
ISSN	0022-3018
DOI	10.1097/NMD.0000000000001168
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Article ; Online: The importance of rare diseases for psychiatry.

Lauterbach, Margo D / Schildkrout, Barbara / Benjamin, Sheldon / Gregory, Michael D

The lancet. Psychiatry

2016 Volume 3, Issue 12, Page(s) 1098–1100

Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2215-0374
ISSN (online)	2215-0374
DOI	10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30215-2
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Article ; Online: Integrating Neuroscience Knowledge and Neuropsychiatric Skills Into Psychiatry: The Way Forward.

Schildkrout, Barbara / Benjamin, Sheldon / Lauterbach, Margo D

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges

2016 Volume 91, Issue 5, Page(s) 650–656

Abstract: Increasing the integration of neuroscience knowledge and neuropsychiatric skills into general psychiatric practice would facilitate expanded approaches to diagnosis, formulation, and treatment while positioning practitioners to utilize findings from ... ...

Abstract	Increasing the integration of neuroscience knowledge and neuropsychiatric skills into general psychiatric practice would facilitate expanded approaches to diagnosis, formulation, and treatment while positioning practitioners to utilize findings from emerging brain research. There is growing consensus that the field of psychiatry would benefit from more familiarity with neuroscience and neuropsychiatry. Yet there remain numerous factors impeding the integration of these domains of knowledge into general psychiatry.The authors make recommendations to move the field forward, focusing on the need for advocacy by psychiatry and medical organizations and changes in psychiatry education at all levels. For individual psychiatrists, the recommendations target obstacles to attaining expanded neuroscience and neuropsychiatry education and barriers stemming from widely held, often unspoken beliefs. For the system of psychiatric care, recommendations address the conceptual and physical separation of psychiatry from medicine, overemphasis on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and on psychopharmacology, and different systems in medicine and psychiatry for handling reimbursement and patient records. For psychiatry residency training, recommendations focus on expanding neuroscience/neuropsychiatry faculty and integrating neuroscience education throughout the curriculum.Psychiatry traditionally concerns itself with helping individuals construct meaningful life narratives. Brain function is one of the fundamental determinants of individuality. It is now possible for psychiatrists to integrate knowledge of neuroscience into understanding the whole person by asking, What person has this brain? How does this brain make this person unique? How does this brain make this disorder unique? What treatment will help this disorder in this person with this brain?
MeSH term(s)	Clinical Competence ; Education, Medical, Graduate/methods ; Humans ; Interdisciplinary Communication ; Internship and Residency/methods ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Health Services/organization & administration ; Neuropsychiatry/education ; Neuropsychiatry/methods ; Neuropsychiatry/organization & administration ; Neurosciences/education ; Neurosciences/methods ; Neurosciences/organization & administration ; Psychiatry/education ; Psychiatry/methods ; Psychiatry/organization & administration ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	96192-9
ISSN	1938-808X ; 1040-2446
ISSN (online)	1938-808X
ISSN	1040-2446
DOI	10.1097/ACM.0000000000001003
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Article ; Online: Life-long deficits in social adaptation and the frontal lobes: New evidence, seventy-five years after Ackerly and Benton's landmark case report of JP.

Benjamin, Sheldon / Schildkrout, Barbara / Smith, Thomas W / MacGillivray, Lindsey / Adams, Christine B L / Lauterbach, Margo D / Rice, John F / Smock, William S / Tucker, Daniel M

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

2022 Volume 158, Page(s) 4–23

Abstract: The case of JP, reported by Ackerly and Benton in 1948 with a detailed follow-up by Ackerly in 1964, stands as the index case of developmental prefrontal damage and its impact on social adaptation. Although the 1948 case report included findings from a ... ...

Abstract	The case of JP, reported by Ackerly and Benton in 1948 with a detailed follow-up by Ackerly in 1964, stands as the index case of developmental prefrontal damage and its impact on social adaptation. Although the 1948 case report included findings from a 1933 pneumoencephalogram and exploratory craniotomy, a definitive cause was never established for JP's prefrontal damage. Etiologies were never determined for the left-sided seizures that occurred when JP was age four, nor for the progressive anterograde amnesia that JP developed in middle age. Given Ackerly's thoroughness and long-term follow-up of his patient, it was hoped that a brain cutting would have been done, though no report of a post-mortem examination was published. The lead author of this paper (SB) set out to discover what had happened to JP after Ackerly's 1964 report and whether a brain cutting had in fact occurred. Using a variety of investigative approaches, it was discovered that a post-mortem brain examination had taken place. Those present at the brain cutting were identified, and the still-living witnesses to the brain cutting were interviewed. Previously unpublished, relevant materials were uncovered from archival sources. A film of the brain cutting, as well as photos, were located. A film of Ackerly interviewing JP prior to JP's death at age sixty-four also was found. The authors studied autopsy findings in the newly discovered video and still images. These findings were judged consistent with massive perinatal hemorrhagic damage to both frontal lobes. JP's left-sided seizures were likely due to activation of a focus from his congenital brain damage. The anterograde amnesia that was documented when JP was twenty-five and that was noted to worsen when he was forty-nine remains unexplained but may have been related to slowly progressive hydrocephalus. This paper expands what is known about the case of JP, making it the only report of a person with congenital frontal injury followed for their entire life including post-mortem brain examination.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Middle Aged ; Humans ; Amnesia, Anterograde ; Brain ; Frontal Lobe ; Brain Injuries ; Seizures
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-28
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	280622-8
ISSN	1973-8102 ; 0010-9452
ISSN (online)	1973-8102
ISSN	0010-9452
DOI	10.1016/j.cortex.2022.08.006
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Article ; Online: Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Dyskinesia With Tetrabenazine: A Case Report.

Lauterbach, Margo D / Notarangelo, Paula L / Lane, Kristy S / Koliatsos, Vassilis E

Psychosomatics

2015 Volume 56, Issue 5, Page(s) 567–571

MeSH term(s)	Accidents, Traffic ; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Brain Injuries/complications ; Dyskinesias/drug therapy ; Dyskinesias/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Tetrabenazine/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors ; Tetrabenazine (Z9O08YRN8O)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209487-3
ISSN	1545-7206 ; 0033-3182
ISSN (online)	1545-7206
ISSN	0033-3182
DOI	10.1016/j.psym.2014.11.001
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Article ; Online: Patient Profiles of Criminal Behavior in the Context of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Lane, Kristy S / St Pierre, Maria E / Lauterbach, Margo D / Koliatsos, Vassilis E

Journal of forensic sciences

2017 Volume 62, Issue 2, Page(s) 545–548

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant post-traumatic disturbances in mood and behavior, with the frontal lobes playing a key role in emotional and behavioral regulation. Injury to the frontal lobe can result in disinhibition and aggression ...

Abstract	Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant post-traumatic disturbances in mood and behavior, with the frontal lobes playing a key role in emotional and behavioral regulation. Injury to the frontal lobe can result in disinhibition and aggression which can result in police intervention and/or incarceration. We highlight four adult cases with a history of severe TBI with frontal lobe injuries and the presence of post-TBI criminal behaviors. There is evidence to support an anatomical basis for aggressive behaviors, yet there are other risk factors to be considered. Behaviors must be investigated thoroughly by obtaining adequate pre- and post-TBI psychiatric and psychosocial histories. By having a comprehensive understanding of aggression while appreciating the complex relationship between TBI, aggression, and premorbid risk factors, clinicians can more adequately treat patients with TBI, with the aim of potentially preventing criminal behaviors and recidivism.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	219216-0
ISSN	1556-4029 ; 0022-1198
ISSN (online)	1556-4029
ISSN	0022-1198
DOI	10.1111/1556-4029.13289
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Article ; Online: Congenital and acquired disorders presenting as psychosis in children and young adults.

Benjamin, Sheldon / Lauterbach, Margo D / Stanislawski, Aimee L

Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America

2013 Volume 22, Issue 4, Page(s) 581–608

Abstract: A review of the published literature found 60 congenital and acquired disorders with symptoms that include psychosis in youth. The prevalence, workup, genetics, and associated neuropsychiatric features of each disorder are described. Eighteen disorders ( ... ...

Abstract	A review of the published literature found 60 congenital and acquired disorders with symptoms that include psychosis in youth. The prevalence, workup, genetics, and associated neuropsychiatric features of each disorder are described. Eighteen disorders (30%) have distinct phenotypes (doorway diagnoses); 18 disorders (30%) are associated with intellectual disability; and 43 disorders (72%) have prominent neurologic signs. Thirty-one disorders (52%) can present without such distinct characteristics, and are thus more easily overlooked. A systematic and cost-effective differential diagnostic approach based on estimated prevalence and most prominent associated signs is recommended.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Age of Onset ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities/diagnosis ; Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities/genetics ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/diagnosis ; Intellectual Disability/epidemiology ; Intellectual Disability/genetics ; Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis ; Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology ; Nervous System Diseases/etiology ; Neurologic Examination ; Neuropsychiatry ; Prevalence ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Psychotic Disorders/genetics ; Rare Diseases/diagnosis ; Rare Diseases/epidemiology ; Rare Diseases/etiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1313996-4
ISSN	1558-0490 ; 1056-4993
ISSN (online)	1558-0490
ISSN	1056-4993
DOI	10.1016/j.chc.2013.04.004
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Article ; Online: Six Landmark Case Reports Essential for Neuropsychiatric Literacy.

Benjamin, Sheldon / MacGillivray, Lindsey / Schildkrout, Barbara / Cohen-Oram, Alexis / Lauterbach, Margo D / Levin, Leonard L

The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences

2018 Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 279–290

Abstract: Well-described clinical case reports have been a core component of the neuropsychiatry literature and have led to: a deepened understanding of brain-behavior relationships and neuropsychiatric phenomenology, new paths for research, and compelling ... ...

Abstract	Well-described clinical case reports have been a core component of the neuropsychiatry literature and have led to: a deepened understanding of brain-behavior relationships and neuropsychiatric phenomenology, new paths for research, and compelling material for physicians who are studying neurology and psychiatry. Six landmark neuropsychiatry cases were selected for being well described, paradigmatic, and illuminating of brain-behavior correlations: Phineas Gage, Louis Victor Leborgne ("Tan"), Auguste Deter, Solomon Shereshevsky ("S"), "JP," and Henry Gustav Molaison ("HM"). Each case and its neuropsychiatric lessons are summarized from primary sources, highlighting some less appreciated aspects. Case reports continue to be a valuable resource for neuropsychiatric education. Yet only four of the 10 highest impact factor psychiatry journals accept case reports for publication.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Brain/pathology ; Brain/physiopathology ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Neuropsychiatry/history
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1036340-3
ISSN	1545-7222 ; 0895-0172
ISSN (online)	1545-7222
ISSN	0895-0172
DOI	10.1176/appi.neuropsych.18020027
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Article ; Online: Behavioral and Emotional Dyscontrol Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging and Electrophysiological Correlates.

Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry

2022 Volume 63, Issue 6, Page(s) 579–598

Abstract: Background: Behavioral and emotional dyscontrol commonly occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroimaging and electrophysiological correlates of dyscontrol have not been systematically summarized in the literature to date.: Objective: To ... ...

Abstract	Background: Behavioral and emotional dyscontrol commonly occur following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroimaging and electrophysiological correlates of dyscontrol have not been systematically summarized in the literature to date. Objective: To complete a systematic review of the literature examining neuroimaging and electrophysiological findings related to behavioral and emotional dyscontrol due to TBI. Methods: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant literature search was conducted in PubMed (MEDLINE), PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Scopus databases prior to May 2019. The database query yielded 4392 unique articles. These articles were narrowed based on specific inclusion criteria (e.g., clear TBI definition, statistical analysis of the relationship between neuroimaging and dyscontrol). Results: A final cohort of 24 articles resulted, comprising findings from 1552 patients with TBI. Studies included civilian (n = 12), military (n = 10), and sport (n = 2) samples with significant variation in the severity of TBI incorporated. Global and region-based structural imaging was more frequently used to study dyscontrol than functional imaging or diffusion tensor imaging. The prefrontal cortex was the most common neuroanatomical region associated with behavioral and emotional dyscontrol, followed by other frontal and temporal lobe findings. Conclusions: Frontal and temporal lesions are most strongly implicated in the development of postinjury dyscontrol symptoms although they are also the most frequently investigated regions of the brain for these symptom categories. Future studies can make valuable contributions to the field by (1) emphasizing consistent definitions of behavioral and emotional dyscontrol, (2) assessing premorbid dyscontrol symptoms in subjects, (3) utilizing functional or structural connectivity-based imaging techniques, or (4) restricting analyses to more focused brain regions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic/diagnostic imaging ; Neuroimaging ; Emotions ; Brain Injuries/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-23
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2667-2960
ISSN (online)	2667-2960
DOI	10.1016/j.jaclp.2022.05.004
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