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Article ; Online: tRNA modification reprogramming contributes to artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum.

Small-Saunders, Jennifer L / Sinha, Ameya / Bloxham, Talia S / Hagenah, Laura M / Sun, Guangxin / Preiser, Peter R / Dedon, Peter C / Fidock, David A

Nature microbiology

2024

Abstract: Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin (ART) resistance is driven by mutations in kelch-like protein 13 (PfK13). Quiescence, a key aspect of resistance, may also be regulated by a yet unidentified epigenetic pathway. Transfer RNA modification reprogramming ... ...

Abstract	Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin (ART) resistance is driven by mutations in kelch-like protein 13 (PfK13). Quiescence, a key aspect of resistance, may also be regulated by a yet unidentified epigenetic pathway. Transfer RNA modification reprogramming and codon bias translation is a conserved epitranscriptomic translational control mechanism that allows cells to rapidly respond to stress. We report a role for this mechanism in ART-resistant parasites by combining tRNA modification, proteomic and codon usage analyses in ring-stage ART-sensitive and ART-resistant parasites in response to drug. Post-drug, ART-resistant parasites differentially hypomodify mcm
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2058-5276
ISSN (online)	2058-5276
DOI	10.1038/s41564-024-01664-3
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Article ; Online: Practical thematic analysis: a guide for multidisciplinary health services research teams engaging in qualitative analysis.

Saunders, Catherine H / Sierpe, Ailyn / von Plessen, Christian / Kennedy, Alice M / Leviton, Laura C / Bernstein, Steven L / Goldwag, Jenaya / King, Joel R / Marx, Christine M / Pogue, Jacqueline A / Saunders, Richard K / Van Citters, Aricca / Yen, Renata W / Elwyn, Glyn / Leyenaar, JoAnna K

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2023 Volume 381, Page(s) e074256

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Qualitative Research ; Interdisciplinary Communication
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj-2022-074256
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Article ; Online: Long-term follow-up of acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania.

Barber, Kathryn E / Woods, Douglas W / Ely, Laura J / Saunders, Stephen M / Compton, Scott N / Neal-Barnett, Angela / Franklin, Martin E / Capriotti, Matthew R / Conelea, Christine A / Twohig, Michael P

Psychiatry research

2024 Volume 333, Page(s) 115767

Abstract: Acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania (AEBT-TTM) is effective in reducing trichotillomania (TTM) symptoms, but the durability of treatment effects remains in question. This study analyzed 6-month follow-up data from a large randomized ...

Abstract	Acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania (AEBT-TTM) is effective in reducing trichotillomania (TTM) symptoms, but the durability of treatment effects remains in question. This study analyzed 6-month follow-up data from a large randomized clinical trial comparing AEBT-TTM to an active psychoeducation and supportive therapy control (PST). Adults with TTM (N=85; 92% women) received 10 sessions of AEBT-TTM or PST across 12 weeks. Independent evaluators assessed participants at baseline, post-treatment, and 6 months follow-up. For both AEBT-TTM and PST, self-reported and evaluator-rated TTM symptom severity decreased from baseline to follow-up. TTM symptoms did not worsen from post-treatment to follow-up. At follow-up, AEBT-TTM and PST did not differ in rates of treatment response, TTM diagnosis, or symptom severity. High baseline TTM symptom severity was a stronger predictor of high follow-up severity for PST than for AEBT-TTM, suggesting AEBT-TTM may be a better option for more severe TTM. Results support the efficacy of AEBT-TTM and show that treatment gains were maintained over time. Although AEBT-TTM yielded lower symptoms at post-treatment, 6-month follow-up outcomes suggest AEBT-TTM and PST may lead to similar symptom levels in the longer term. Future research should examine mechanisms that contribute to long-term gain maintenance.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Behavior Therapy/methods ; Follow-Up Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Trichotillomania/therapy ; Trichotillomania/diagnosis ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-30
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115767
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Article: A Retrospective Study of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy and the Surgical Management Within Northern Ireland.

Saunders, Laura M / Sandhu, Hushil S / McBride, Lorcán / Maniarasu, Vindhya S / Taylor, Samantha / Dhokia, Rakesh

Cureus

2023 Volume 15, Issue 11, Page(s) e49513

Abstract: ... a significant difference in mJOA score pre-surgery and at six months and one year post surgery (R = 0.579053, p ...

Abstract	Introduction: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is a condition of growing concern due to its increasing incidence among the ageing population. It involves age-associated pathological changes of the cervical spine that can result in spinal cord compression. This can lead to deficits in motor and sensory function of the upper and lower limbs, issues with balance and dexterity, as well as bladder and bowel disturbance. Patients can be categorised as having mild, moderate, or severe degenerative cervical myelopathy depending on their modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score. This condition is generally managed surgically; however, patients with mild degenerative cervical myelopathy may be offered or opt for non-surgical treatment initially. Aims: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical management of patients with DCM and to ascertain the degree of mJOA improvement from pre-surgery and one-year post-surgery follow-up. The second aim of the study is to explore the demographics within Northern Ireland who are diagnosed with DCM and who undergo surgery. This information could allow for better planning of services in the future for this patient cohort. Methods: This is a retrospective review of the surgical management of degenerative cervical myelopathy within the Regional Spinal Orthopaedic Unit in Northern Ireland over three years with one-year follow-up. The data was retrospectively collected from the Fracture Outcome Research Database. A total of 102 patients (10:7, male:female) with DCM were retrospectively evaluated. Exclusion criteria included all patients diagnosed with spinal tumour, fracture, central cord syndrome, and dislocation. Two patients were removed due to incorrect coding of DCM diagnosis and were not included. Key variables assessed were gender, age, symptoms, type of surgery, complications, and MRC score and mJOA score pre-surgery, 48 hours, six months, and one year post surgery. The choice of surgery was guided by the maximal angle of compression, the number of vertebral levels involved, patient comorbidities, and anesthetic risk. Results: The sample consisted of 60 men (58.82%) and 42 women (41.17%) with an average age of 57.17 ± 12.13 years ranging from 27 to 83 years old. Statistical analysis was conducted to explore the effect of time before and after surgery up to one year on the mJOA score. There was a significant difference in mJOA score pre-surgery and at six months and one year post surgery (R = 0.579053, p <0.001). Of the patients, 61.8% with a length of stay greater than three days and 71.4% of patients with a length of stay greater than seven days had a posterior approach surgery. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the mJOA score pre-surgery and the presence of complications significantly predicted the length of stay post-surgery (β -1.044, p = .011 and β -5.791, p = .028). Conclusion: The first key finding of this study is that the mJOA score tends to improve after surgery for the majority of patients, particularly at six months, which is consistent with the literature. The second key finding is that anterior approach surgery is associated with a lower rate of complications and shorter post-surgery length of stay in hospital compared to posterior approach surgery. The third key finding is that the pre-surgery mJOA score and the presence of complications post surgery significantly predict the post-surgery length of stay.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2747273-5
ISSN	2168-8184
ISSN	2168-8184
DOI	10.7759/cureus.49513
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Article ; Online: The interaction between wheat and pea protein influences the final chemical and sensory characteristics of extruded high moisture meat analogs.

Richter, Jana K / Montero, Maria Laura / Ikuse, Marina / Wagner, Caleb E / Ross, Carolyn F / Saunders, Steven R / Ganjyal, Girish M

Journal of food science

2023 Volume 89, Issue 1, Page(s) 104–120

Abstract: Plant-based meat analog products, including those produced by extrusion processing, have become increasingly popular. Complete comprehension of the texturization mechanism and the formation of fibrousness would help improve existing products and extend ... ...

Abstract	Plant-based meat analog products, including those produced by extrusion processing, have become increasingly popular. Complete comprehension of the texturization mechanism and the formation of fibrousness would help improve existing products and extend the variety of plant sources used. Therefore, this study aimed to provide improved insight into the mechanism of texturization during the processing of high-moisture meat analog (HMMA) products. Blends with different wheat and pea protein ratios (100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100 wheat:pea) were extruded at a screw speed of 400 rpm, two different moisture contents (50% and 55%), and a feed rate of 90 g/min using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Extrudates were analyzed for their texture, free sulfhydryl groups, disulfide bonds, and solubility in different extractants relative to the raw ingredient blends. In addition, a sensory analysis was conducted using the rapid and cost-effective "rate-all-that-apply" (RATA) methodology. The interplay between the two protein types had synergistic effects on the system parameters torque, pressure, and specific mechanical energy, as well as on some textural and sensory parameters. Molecular analyses were not influenced by the interplay between wheat and pea protein as the molecular analyses followed linear trends with the pea inclusion level. Analysis of protein solubility suggests that the texturization mechanism differs slightly depending on the protein type. It is suggested that the texturization of wheat protein depends highly on disulfide bonds, whereas the texturization of pea protein relies on the combination of disulfide bonds and non-covalent interactions. Additionally, RATA was found to be a valuable tool for HMMA products.
MeSH term(s)	Food Handling/methods ; Pea Proteins ; Triticum/chemistry ; Meat Substitutes ; Disulfides ; Lactates
Chemical Substances	Pea Proteins ; atrolactic acid (515-30-0) ; Disulfides ; Lactates
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241615-3
ISSN	1750-3841 ; 0022-1147
ISSN (online)	1750-3841
ISSN	0022-1147
DOI	10.1111/1750-3841.16815
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Article ; Online: PhysVENeT: a physiologically-informed deep learning-based framework for the synthesis of 3D hyperpolarized gas MRI ventilation.

Astley, Joshua R / Biancardi, Alberto M / Marshall, Helen / Smith, Laurie J / Hughes, Paul J C / Collier, Guilhem J / Saunders, Laura C / Norquay, Graham / Tofan, Malina-Maria / Hatton, Matthew Q / Hughes, Rod / Wild, Jim M / Tahir, Bilal A

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 11273

Abstract: Functional lung imaging modalities such as hyperpolarized gas MRI ventilation enable visualization and quantification of regional lung ventilation; however, these techniques require specialized equipment and exogenous contrast, limiting clinical adoption. ...

Abstract	Functional lung imaging modalities such as hyperpolarized gas MRI ventilation enable visualization and quantification of regional lung ventilation; however, these techniques require specialized equipment and exogenous contrast, limiting clinical adoption. Physiologically-informed techniques to map proton (
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Deep Learning ; COVID-19 ; Respiration ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Protons ; Lung/diagnostic imaging
Chemical Substances	Protons
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-38105-w
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Article: Genomic Insights for Personalized Care: Motivating At-Risk Individuals Toward Evidence-Based Health Practices.

Chen, Tony / Pham, Giang / Fox, Louis / Zhang, Jingning / Byun, Jinyoung / Han, Younghun / Saunders, Gretchen R B / Liu, Dajiang / Bray, Michael J / Ramsey, Alex T / McKay, James / Bierut, Laura / Amos, Christopher I / Hung, Rayjean J / Lin, Xihong / Zhang, Haoyu / Chen, Li-Shiun

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2024

Abstract: ... Informed Care for Motivating High R isk Individuals E ligible for Evidence-b a sed Prevention), which employs ...

Abstract	Lung cancer and tobacco use pose significant global health challenges and require a comprehensive translational roadmap for improved prevention strategies. We propose the GREAT care paradigm ( G enomic Informed Care for Motivating High R isk Individuals E ligible for Evidence-b a sed Prevention), which employs polygenic risk scores (PRSs) to stratify disease risk and personalize interventions, such as lung cancer screening and tobacco treatment. We developed PRSs using large-scale multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies and adjusted for genetic ancestry for standardized risk stratification across diverse populations. We applied our PRSs to over 340,000 individuals of diverse ethnic background and found significant odds ratios for lung cancer and difficulty quitting smoking. These findings enable the evaluation of PRS-based interventions in ongoing trials aimed at motivating health behavior changes in high-risk patients. This pioneering approach enhances primary care with genomic insights, promising improved outcomes in cancer prevention and tobacco treatment, and is currently under assessment in clinical trials.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.03.19.24304556
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Article ; Online: Building-Block Size Mediates Microporous Annealed Particle Hydrogel Tube Microenvironment Following Spinal Cord Injury.

Ross, Brian C / Kent, Robert N / Saunders, Michael N / Schwartz, Samantha R / Smiley, Brooke M / Hocevar, Sarah E / Chen, Shao-Chi / Xiao, Chengchuan / Williams, Laura A / Anderson, Aileen J / Cummings, Brian J / Baker, Brendon M / Shea, Lonnie D

Advanced healthcare materials

2023 , Page(s) e2302498

Abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering event, which often results in loss of sensory and motor function below the level of trauma. Biomaterial therapies have been widely investigated in SCI to promote directional regeneration but are often limited ... ...

Abstract	Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering event, which often results in loss of sensory and motor function below the level of trauma. Biomaterial therapies have been widely investigated in SCI to promote directional regeneration but are often limited by their pre-constructed size and shape. Herein, the design parameters of microporous annealed particles (MAPs) are investigated with tubular geometries that conform to the injury and direct axons across the defect to support functional recovery. MAP tubes prepared from 20-, 40-, and 60-micron polyethylene glycol (PEG) beads are generated and implanted in a T9-10 murine hemisection model of SCI. Tubes attenuate glial and fibrotic scarring, increase innate immune cell density, and reduce inflammatory phenotypes in a bead size-dependent manner. Tubes composed of 60-micron beads increase the cell density of the chronic macrophage response, while neutrophil infiltration and phenotypes do not deviate from those seen in controls. At 8 weeks postinjury, implantation of tubes composed of 60-micron beads results in enhanced locomotor function, robust axonal ingrowth, and remyelination through both lumens and the inter-tube space. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the importance of bead size in MAP construction and highlight PEG tubes as a biomaterial therapy to promote regeneration and functional recovery in SCI.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-28
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649576-4
ISSN	2192-2659 ; 2192-2640
ISSN (online)	2192-2659
ISSN	2192-2640
DOI	10.1002/adhm.202302498
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Article ; Online: Reflecting on experiences of care: an exploratory qualitative descriptive study of the perspectives of stroke survivors, families and staff.

Bulsara, Caroline / Saunders, Rosemary / Emery, Laura / Etherton-Beer, Christopher

BMJ open

2021 Volume 11, Issue 12, Page(s) e047559

Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to identify barriers and enablers from the perspectives of stroke survivors, carers and staff to understand the experiences of care.: Design: The study used a qualitative descriptive methodology and employed ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The aim of this study was to identify barriers and enablers from the perspectives of stroke survivors, carers and staff to understand the experiences of care. Design: The study used a qualitative descriptive methodology and employed semistructured interview technique. Setting: A metropolitan stroke rehabilitation unit in Western Australia providing rehabilitation services for inpatients and outpatients. Participants: Overall, 10 participants (four staff, four stroke survivors and two primary carers) were interviewed. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Experiences of care focused on lack of time, urgency to regain mobility, postshock recovery, uncertainty about the future and the importance of accepting help once home. There was a degree of mismatch between staff experiences of the reality of what can be provided and the experiences and expectations of stroke survivors and families. However, the benefits of a specialised rehabilitation unit were found to contribute to a positive patient experience overall. The specialised unit demonstrated that services must optimise staff time with patients and carers in the poststroke rehabilitation journey to ensure benefits for the long-term well-being for both. Conclusion: Seeking patient, family and staff experiences of care can provide valuable insights into facilitating better patient, family and staff engagement for preparation for home-based rehabilitation for stroke survivors and their caregivers. Further research with a larger sample across diverse hospital settings would provide even greater insight into strategies to best address the reality of rehabilitation care and readiness of patients when returning home to the community.
MeSH term(s)	Caregivers ; Humans ; Qualitative Research ; Stroke ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Survivors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047559
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Article ; Online: Introduction and Spread of Dengue Virus 3, Florida, USA, May 2022-April 2023.

Jones, Forrest K / Morrison, Andrea M / Santiago, Gilberto A / Rysava, Kristyna / Zimler, Rebecca A / Heberlein, Lea A / Kopp, Edgar / Saunders, Katharine E / Baudin, Samantha / Rico, Edhelene / Mejía-Echeverri, Álvaro / Taylor-Salmon, Emma / Hill, Verity / Breban, Mallery I / Vogels, Chantal B F / Grubaugh, Nathan D / Paul, Lauren M / Michael, Scott F / Johansson, Michael A /

Adams, Laura E / Munoz-Jordan, Jorge / Paz-Bailey, Gabriela / Stanek, Danielle R

Emerging infectious diseases

2024 Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 376–379

Abstract: During May 2022-April 2023, dengue virus serotype 3 was identified among 601 travel-associated and 61 locally acquired dengue cases in Florida, USA. All 203 sequenced genomes belonged to the same genotype III lineage and revealed potential transmission ... ...

Abstract	During May 2022-April 2023, dengue virus serotype 3 was identified among 601 travel-associated and 61 locally acquired dengue cases in Florida, USA. All 203 sequenced genomes belonged to the same genotype III lineage and revealed potential transmission chains in which most locally acquired cases occurred shortly after introduction, with little sustained transmission.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dengue Virus/genetics ; Dengue/epidemiology ; Florida/epidemiology ; Travel ; Base Sequence ; Genotype ; Serogroup ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1380686-5
ISSN	1080-6059 ; 1080-6040
ISSN (online)	1080-6059
ISSN	1080-6040
DOI	10.3201/eid3002.231615
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