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  1. Article ; Online: Equitable distribution in ROP care: The need of the hour.

    Azad, Rajvardhan

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2023  Volume 71, Issue 11, Page(s) 3429–3430

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Gestational Age ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-21
    Publishing country India
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2473_23
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  2. Article ; Online: Residents' proficiency in diagnostics with all ophthalmic equipment - Need of the hour.

    Sinha, Sony / Nishant, Prateek / Azad, Rajvardhan

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2021  Volume 69, Issue 7, Page(s) 1966–1967

    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Workload
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-11
    Publishing country India
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/ijo.IJO_980_21
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  3. Article: Review of incidental ocular pathologies detected during the screening of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.

    Dabir, Supriya / Mohankumar, Arthi / Munusamy, Sivakumar / Rajan, Mohan / Azad, Rajvardhan

    Oman journal of ophthalmology

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 2, Page(s) 258–262

    Abstract: Aim: The aim of the study was to report the spectrum of ocular pathologies other than retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) occurring in preterm babies, suggesting the need for universal screening in all babies.: Methods: Babies born before 34 weeks of ... ...

    Abstract Aim: The aim of the study was to report the spectrum of ocular pathologies other than retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) occurring in preterm babies, suggesting the need for universal screening in all babies.
    Methods: Babies born before 34 weeks of gestational age (GA) and/or weighing <2000 g were screened at around 4 weeks of postnatal age and those born before 28 weeks of GA and weighing <1200 g were examined at 2-3 weeks of postnatal age. Babies between 34 and 36 weeks of GA or birth weight of 1750-2000 g with additional risk factors were also screened. Pupils were dilated using a fixed dose combination of 0.4% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine. The babies underwent retinal imaging using the 3nethra neo camera, Forus, India, by a skilled ophthalmic photographer.
    Results: A total of 1437 preterm babies were screened in an outreach project which spanned 18 hospitals equipped with neonatal intensive care centers (neonatal intensive care units) in an urban setting during the study period. A total of 4339 screening sessions were conducted. Of these infants, 754 (52.47%) were male and 683 (47.52%) were female babies. Among the enrolled infants, 165 (12.16%) had ocular findings other than ROP. Of the 165 cases, 70 (42.42%) were anterior segment and globe pathologies, whereas the remaining 95 (57.57%) were posterior segment pathologies.
    Conclusion: Timely screening helps in identifying and managing potentially vision-threatening pathologies including ROP. This will help reduce the burden of childhood blindness worldwide.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-27
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2484272-2
    ISSN 0974-7842 ; 0974-620X
    ISSN (online) 0974-7842
    ISSN 0974-620X
    DOI 10.4103/ojo.ojo_232_22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Retinopathy of prematurity: it is time to take swift action.

    Jalali, Subhadra / Azad, Rajvardhan

    Community eye health

    2018  Volume 31, Issue 101, Page(s) S1–S2

    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1036859-0
    ISSN 0953-6833
    ISSN 0953-6833
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  5. Article ; Online: Single Low-dose Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection in Macular Edema Secondary to Noninfectious Posterior Uveitis.

    Anand, Abhishek / Sinha, Shivani / Gupta, Abhishek / Shree, Srishtee / Ambasta, Anita / Sinha, Bibhuti P / Azad, Rajvardhan

    Middle East African journal of ophthalmology

    2024  Volume 30, Issue 1, Page(s) 6–12

    Abstract: Purpose: The purpose was to study the anatomical and functional outcome following single low-dose suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (LD-SCTA) (2 mg) injection in noninfectious posterior uveitis.: Methods: Eleven patients with macular edema (ME) ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose was to study the anatomical and functional outcome following single low-dose suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (LD-SCTA) (2 mg) injection in noninfectious posterior uveitis.
    Methods: Eleven patients with macular edema (ME) more than 280 μ secondary to noninfectious uveitis were included in the study. A single LD-SCTA (0.5 ml) injection was performed in the study eye with the help of a novel suprachoroidal microneedle (Pricon, Iscon Surgicals, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India). The study parameters were noted at 4 and 12 weeks post LD-SCTA injection.
    Results: Ten of 11 patients had a significant decrease in central macular thickness (CMT). The mean CMT measurement at baseline was 513.6 ± 191.73 μm for the 10 patients who responded to the treatment, which reduced significantly to 265.1 ± 34.72 μm (
    Conclusion: Single LD-SCTA injection is efficacious in reducing CMT in ME, improving BCVA, and controlling the inflammation in noninfectious posterior uveitis. LD-SCTA can be used as a first-line therapy in noninfectious uveitis over other routes of steroid administration with a favorable outcome and safety profile.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Macular Edema/diagnosis ; Macular Edema/drug therapy ; Macular Edema/etiology ; India ; Uveitis, Posterior/complications ; Uveitis, Posterior/diagnosis ; Uveitis, Posterior/drug therapy ; Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome
    Chemical Substances Triamcinolone Acetonide (F446C597KA)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-22
    Publishing country India
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2545467-5
    ISSN 0975-1599 ; 0975-1599
    ISSN (online) 0975-1599
    ISSN 0975-1599
    DOI 10.4103/meajo.meajo_78_21
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Prevention of blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity: a national movement.

    Azad, Rajvardhan

    Indian journal of pediatrics

    2014  Volume 81, Issue 12, Page(s) 1373–1375

    Abstract: Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) has been a blinding disorder and a preventable cause of childhood blindness. With growing interest in pediatric ophthalmology and vitreo-retinal subspecialty, ROP has become increasingly recognized in India. Recently, ... ...

    Abstract Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) has been a blinding disorder and a preventable cause of childhood blindness. With growing interest in pediatric ophthalmology and vitreo-retinal subspecialty, ROP has become increasingly recognized in India. Recently, with rise in number of children admitted to NICU's across India, there has been an increase in number of preterm babies with ROP due to variable neonatal practices. An effort to prevent the disease was taken up by WHO and Ministry of Health & Family Welfare by conducting workshops across India piloted by R.P. Centre, AIIMS. These workshops have gone a long way in spreading awareness amongst both neonatologists and ophthalmologists in paired sessions. Both neonatologists and ophthalmologists complemented each other, discussed ROP prevention and issued ROP screening and good neonatal care guidelines which were different from the American guidelines. Treatment strategies have also undergone a huge change from cryotherapy and laser to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) drugs which have shown promising results, although caution is to be taken due to lack of data on long-term safety. Overall impact of these workshops led to inclusion of ROP in priority list of blindness control programme of Government of India. Still, ROP prevention needs integration of both governmental and non-governmental agencies, each sharing the load in a complementing way aiding in downward trends of ROP cases.
    MeSH term(s) Blindness/etiology ; Blindness/prevention & control ; Humans ; India ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Neonatal Screening/methods ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/etiology ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-05-04
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 218231-2
    ISSN 0973-7693 ; 0019-5456
    ISSN (online) 0973-7693
    ISSN 0019-5456
    DOI 10.1007/s12098-014-1411-x
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  7. Article ; Online: Asymmetric diabetic retinopathy.

    Azad, Rajvardhan / Sinha, Sony / Nishant, Prateek

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2021  Volume 69, Issue 11, Page(s) 3026–3034

    Abstract: Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus warrants recognition of factors related to asymmetric diabetic retinopathy (DR). This thematic synthesis based on an iterative literature review conducted in Medline and Google Scholar pertaining to diabetes ... ...

    Abstract Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus warrants recognition of factors related to asymmetric diabetic retinopathy (DR). This thematic synthesis based on an iterative literature review conducted in Medline and Google Scholar pertaining to diabetes with coexistent asymmetry of retinopathy included 45 original articles, 21 case reports and series, and 18 review articles from 1965 to 2020. Asymmetric DR is defined as proliferative DR (PDR) in one eye and nonproliferative, preproliferative, background, or no DR in the other eye lasting for at least 2 years. It is observed in 5%-10% of patients with PDR. Associated factors can be divided into (i) vascular: carotid obstructive disease, ocular ischemic syndrome, and retinal vascular diseases; (ii) Inflammatory: uveitis, endophthalmitis, and Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis; (iii) degenerative: posterior vitreous detachment, high myopia and anisometropia, uveal coloboma, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa, and chorioretinal atrophy and scarring; (iv) cataract surgery and vitrectomy; and (v) miscellaneous: elevated intraocular pressure, glaucoma, amblyopia, retinal detachment, and optic atrophy. The gamut of diagnostic modalities for asymmetric DR includes thorough ocular examination, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and newer modalities such as ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography angiography, along with a complete systemic evaluation and carotid Doppler studies. The differential diagnosis includes other causes of retinal neovascularization that may present in an asymmetric manner, such as sickle cell retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and featureless retina. This review discusses in detail the aforementioned considerations and draws a comprehensive picture of asymmetric DR in order to sensitize ophthalmologists to this important condition.
    MeSH term(s) Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Retinopathy/complications ; Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis ; Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Retina ; Retinal Diseases ; Tomography, Optical Coherence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-28
    Publishing country India
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1525_21
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  8. Article ; Online: Use of intravitreal anti-VEGF

    Rajvardhan Azad

    Indian Journal of Ophthalmology, Vol 59, Iss 6, Pp 421-

    Retinopathy of prematurity surgeons′ in Hamlet′s dilemma?

    2011  Volume 422

    Keywords Ophthalmology ; RE1-994 ; Medicine ; R
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Medknow Publications
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Improving Retinopathy of Prematurity Care: A Medico-Legal Perspective.

    Vinekar, Anand / Gangwe, Anil / Agarwal, Samarth / Kulkarni, Sucheta / Azad, Rajvardhan

    Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) 437–441

    Abstract: Abstract: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of preventable infant blindness in the world. India leads all nations with the highest number of premature infants born each year. Asia has the highest estimated incidence, where visual ... ...

    Abstract Abstract: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the leading cause of preventable infant blindness in the world. India leads all nations with the highest number of premature infants born each year. Asia has the highest estimated incidence, where visual loss from ROP is over twice as high per million live births compared to established market economies. The problems of ROP management in these countries are compounded by a large cohort of babies who require screening, relatively few ROP specialists, and more recently medico-legal challenges. The authors share the Indian jurisprudence literature from the past decade relating to ROP, summarizing key clinical lessons learned from these legal judgments. The authors endeavor to enlist good clinical practices for various key steps involved in ROP care to help mitigate future litigations as well as protect the clinical interest of the infants who require ROP screening and treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Blindness/epidemiology ; Blindness/etiology ; Blindness/prevention & control ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Neonatal Screening ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2756329-7
    ISSN 2162-0989 ; 2162-0989
    ISSN (online) 2162-0989
    ISSN 2162-0989
    DOI 10.1097/APO.0000000000000388
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants born following assisted conception versus spontaneously conceived pregnancies - A 2-year retrospective observational study from an urban tertiary eye care referral center in South India.

    Dabir, Supriya / Mohankumar, Arthi / Srivatsa, D V / Munusamy, Sivakumar / Berendschot, T T Jm / Rajan, Mohan / Azad, Rajvardhan

    Indian journal of ophthalmology

    2023  Volume 71, Issue 2, Page(s) 408–410

    Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine if in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with an increase in the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants.: Methods: This retrospective, comparative study included all the ...

    Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine if in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with an increase in the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants.
    Methods: This retrospective, comparative study included all the preterm babies who were screened under an urban multicentric outreach project between April 2019 and August 2022. Infant details including gender, birth weight, mode of conception, single or multiple gestation, gestational age and post-menstrual age in weeks, age at presentation, and any presence of risk factors were recorded and analyzed.
    Results: Among 444 preterm babies included in the study, 373 (84%) were conceived normally and 71 (16%) were conceived by IVF. ROP was found in 99 (22.29%) babies in total. There was no significant difference in the incidence of any stage of ROP between the two groups; however, higher stages of ROP were found to be relatively more frequent in the spontaneous conception group in our study. We also found a statistically significant difference in the presence of ROP among singletons, twins, and triplets.
    Conclusion: IVF was found not to independently increase the risk of ROP in preterm infants. More prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the relationship between the mode of conception and development of severe ROP in preterm infants.
    MeSH term(s) Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Infant, Premature ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/epidemiology ; Retinopathy of Prematurity/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Gestational Age ; India/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Referral and Consultation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01
    Publishing country India
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 187392-1
    ISSN 1998-3689 ; 0301-4738
    ISSN (online) 1998-3689
    ISSN 0301-4738
    DOI 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1712_22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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