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  1. Article ; Online: Assessing the relationship between existing childhood, adolescent and adult immunization programmes and national COVID-19 vaccination capacities in 2021.

    Goldin, Shoshanna / Moen, Ann / Moss, William J / Nuzzo, Jennifer

    Vaccine

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all countries introduced COVID-19 vaccination programmes. Yet, countries had a wide range of programmatic experiences. This analysis aims to identify national characteristics associated with COVID-19 ... ...

    Abstract Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all countries introduced COVID-19 vaccination programmes. Yet, countries had a wide range of programmatic experiences. This analysis aims to identify national characteristics associated with COVID-19 vaccination programmatic success.
    Methods: We used the following outcome measures: the presence of national COVID-19 vaccination capacities and COVID-19 coverage as of December 2021, June 2022, and December 2022. We developed a standardized metric for assessing national COVID-19 vaccination capacities as a proxy for speed of introduction. We developed this metric through adaptation of the WHO Guide for Conducting an Expanded Programme on Immunization Review and consultations with technical experts specializing in vaccine introduction and emergency deployment; monitoring and data; childhood, adolescent and adult programmes; and COVID-19 vaccination roll-out. Through multivariable linear regressions, we evaluated whether having a mature immunization programme for children, adolescents and adults; recent use of emergency vaccination; World Bank income classification; past early adoption of new vaccines; density of the health workforce; and/or trust in science and government were associated with higher COVID-19 vaccination capacities and coverage.
    Results: The COVID-19 vaccination capacities scores ranged from 0 to 5 points with a global median score of 2 and an interquartile range of 1;4. After adjusting for World Bank income classifications, the presence of a mature influenza vaccination programme was independently correlated with statistically significant higher scores of national COVID-19 vaccination capacities and higher COVID-19 vaccination coverage in December 2021, June 2022, and December 2022. Trust in government was also associated with higher coverage for all three time stamps.
    Conclusions: As countries consider how to prepare for and respond to future pandemics, having an adult seasonal influenza vaccination programme, building trust in government, and ensuring equitable access to vaccines supply emerged as key aspects that can benefit from additional national and global focus.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-11
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.038
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The 2020 immunization programme landscape: Piloting an assessment metric to evaluate the maturity of national immunization programmes across the life course.

    Goldin, Shoshanna / Moen, Ann / Moss, William J / Nuzzo, Jennifer

    Vaccine

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages countries to provide appropriate vaccinations for children, adolescents, and relevant adult populations. Childhood programme have been the focus of global investments, but recent pandemics have ... ...

    Abstract Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages countries to provide appropriate vaccinations for children, adolescents, and relevant adult populations. Childhood programme have been the focus of global investments, but recent pandemics have increasingly demonstrated the value of life course vaccination. Our objective is to compare national life course immunization programmatic maturity prior to mass COVID-19 vaccine introduction, the largest adult vaccination programme, globally. As coverage estimates (typically used to assess childhood programmes) are not available for adult vaccinations, this analysis pilots a standardized quantitative metric of programmatic maturity.
    Methods: Through consultation with vaccination experts, we developed a standardized approach to assess national immunization programme maturity across the life course. In accordance with expert input, five vaccines were selected to represent delivery across the life course: diphtheria tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP); measles (MCV) second dose; human papillomavirus (HPV) final dose; pneumococcal conjugate (PCV) final dose; and seasonal influenza annual dose. Experts recommended inclusion of the following indicators for each vaccine: a legal mandate (national policy), experience delivering the vaccine (programme duration), and vaccine use (uptake for relevant populations). We developed a metric accordingly that provides up to 5 points per vaccine ("vaccine specific maturity score") which when summed forms the "life course maturity score", with a maximum score of 25. We analysed the prevalence of national policies, experience, and use by region and World Bank income group.
    Results: More than 55% of the 194 WHO Member States had childhood vaccine policies for all three of the vaccines considered (DTP, MCV, and PCV) compared to 60% for HPV (proxy for adolescent vaccination programme) and 52% for seasonal influenza (proxy for adult vaccination programme). Childhood vaccination programmes (e.g., MCV and DTP) had the highest vaccine specific maturity scores, while seasonal influenza and HPV vaccination programmes had much lower scores. The national life course maturity scores ranged from 1 to 23, with a global median of 12 (IQR: 8; 16).
    Discussion: The piloted metric provides an overview of the maturity of life course immunization programmes. The metric is structured to be a flexible, rapid resource that can be used to assess other combinations of vaccines across the life course. The findings from this paper provide a baseline of immunization programme maturity for childhood, adolescent, and adult vaccination programmes immediately prior to the COVID-19 vaccine introduction. This maturity score, or adaptations of this approach, could be used to monitor the trajectory of national immunization programme maturity across the life course in the years ahead.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605674-x
    ISSN 1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
    ISSN (online) 1873-2518
    ISSN 0264-410X
    DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.12.051
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Circuit analysis of the

    Mehta, Ketan / Goldin, Rebecca F / Ascoli, Giorgio A

    Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)

    2023  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 269–298

    Abstract: We present a functionally relevant, quantitative characterization of the neural circuitry ... ...

    Abstract We present a functionally relevant, quantitative characterization of the neural circuitry of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2472-1751
    ISSN (online) 2472-1751
    DOI 10.1162/netn_a_00283
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Scalable Gaussian process inference of neural responses to natural images.

    Goldin, Matías A / Virgili, Samuele / Chalk, Matthew

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2023  Volume 120, Issue 34, Page(s) e2301150120

    Abstract: Predicting the responses of sensory neurons is a long-standing neuroscience goal. However, while there has been much progress in modeling neural responses to simple and/or artificial stimuli, predicting responses to natural stimuli remains an ongoing ... ...

    Abstract Predicting the responses of sensory neurons is a long-standing neuroscience goal. However, while there has been much progress in modeling neural responses to simple and/or artificial stimuli, predicting responses to natural stimuli remains an ongoing challenge. On the one hand, deep neural networks perform very well on certain datasets but can fail when data are limited. On the other hand, Gaussian processes (GPs) perform well on limited data but are poor at predicting responses to high-dimensional stimuli, such as natural images. Here, we show how structured priors, e.g., for local and smooth receptive fields, can be used to scale up GPs to model neural responses to high-dimensional stimuli. With this addition, GPs largely outperform a deep neural network trained to predict retinal responses to natural images, with the largest differences observed when both models are trained on a small dataset. Further, since they allow us to quantify the uncertainty in their predictions, GPs are well suited to closed-loop experiments, where stimuli are chosen actively so as to collect "informative" neural data. We show how GPs can be used to actively select which stimuli to present, so as to i) efficiently learn a model of retinal responses to natural images, using few data, and ii) rapidly distinguish between competing models (e.g., a linear vs. a nonlinear model). In the future, our approach could be applied to other sensory areas, beyond the retina.
    MeSH term(s) Nerve Net ; Retina/physiology ; Vision, Ocular
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.2301150120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Chemical Information Processing by a Responsive Chemical System.

    Gabrielli, Luca / Goldin, Lorenzo / Chandrabhas, Sushmitha / Dalla Valle, Andrea / Prins, Leonard J

    Journal of the American Chemical Society

    2024  Volume 146, Issue 3, Page(s) 2080–2088

    Abstract: Nature has an extraordinary capacity to precisely regulate the chemical reactivity in a highly complex mixture of molecules that is present in the cell. External stimuli lead to transient up- and downregulation of chemical reactions and provide a means ... ...

    Abstract Nature has an extraordinary capacity to precisely regulate the chemical reactivity in a highly complex mixture of molecules that is present in the cell. External stimuli lead to transient up- and downregulation of chemical reactions and provide a means for a cell to process information arriving from the environment. The development of synthetic chemical systems with life-like properties requires strategies that allow likewise control over chemical reactivity in a complex environment. Here, we show a synthetic system that mimics the initial steps that take place when a natural signal transduction pathway is activated. Monophosphate nucleosides act as chemical triggers for the self-assembly of nanoreactors that upregulate chemical reactions between reagents present at low micromolar concentrations. Different nucleotides template different assemblies and hence activate different pathways, thus establishing a distinct connection between input and output molecules. Trigger-induced upregulation of chemical reactivity occurs for only a limited amount of time because the chemical triggers are gradually removed from the system by enzymes. It is shown that the same system transiently produces different output molecules depending on the chemical input that is provided.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3155-0
    ISSN 1520-5126 ; 0002-7863
    ISSN (online) 1520-5126
    ISSN 0002-7863
    DOI 10.1021/jacs.3c11414
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Obesity Is Associated with Altered Rectal Sensitivity in Chronic Constipation.

    Lodhia, Nayna A / Hiramoto, Brent / Horton, Laura / Goldin, Alison H / Thompson, Christopher C / Chan, Walter W

    Digestive diseases and sciences

    2024  Volume 69, Issue 3, Page(s) 884–891

    Abstract: Background: Defecation dysfunction may contribute to chronic constipation (CC), but the impact of obesity on anorectal physiology in CC remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and anorectal function on physiologic testing ... ...

    Abstract Background: Defecation dysfunction may contribute to chronic constipation (CC), but the impact of obesity on anorectal physiology in CC remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and anorectal function on physiologic testing in patients presenting with CC.
    Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive adults who underwent high resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) at a tertiary center for CC. Patient demographics, clinical history, surgical/obstetric history, medications, and HRAM results were reviewed. Patients were classified into obese (BMI > 30 kg/m
    Results: 383 adults (mean 50.3 years; 85.8% female) with CC were included. On HRAM, patients with obesity had lower anal sphincter resting tone (37.3 vs 48.5 mmHg, p = 0.005) and maximum squeeze pressure (104.8 mmHg vs 120.0 mmHg, p = 0.043). No significant differences in dyssynergia (61% vs 53%, p = 0.294) and failed balloon expulsion (18% vs 25%, p = 0.381) were found between obese and non-obese groups. On balloon distention testing, the maximum tolerated (163.5 vs 147.6 mL, p = 0.042) and urge sensation (113.9 vs 103.7 mL, p = 0.048) volumes were significantly increased among patients with obesity. After adjusting for potential confounders, obesity remained independently associated with increased maximum tolerated volume (β-coefficient 13.7, p = 0.049).
    Conclusion: Obesity was independently associated with altered rectal sensitivity among patients with CC. Altered rectal sensation may play an important role in CC among patients with obesity. Anorectal physiology testing should be considered to understand the pathophysiology and guide management.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Defecation/physiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Anal Canal ; Manometry/methods ; Rectum ; Constipation ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 304250-9
    ISSN 1573-2568 ; 0163-2116
    ISSN (online) 1573-2568
    ISSN 0163-2116
    DOI 10.1007/s10620-023-08246-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Causal reasoning without mechanism.

    Dündar-Coecke, Selma / Goldin, Gideon / Sloman, Steven A

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) e0268219

    Abstract: Unobservable mechanisms that tie causes to their effects generate observable events. How can one make inferences about hidden causal structures? This paper introduces the domain-matching heuristic to explain how humans perform causal reasoning when ... ...

    Abstract Unobservable mechanisms that tie causes to their effects generate observable events. How can one make inferences about hidden causal structures? This paper introduces the domain-matching heuristic to explain how humans perform causal reasoning when lacking mechanistic knowledge. We posit that people reduce the otherwise vast space of possible causal relations by focusing only on the likeliest ones. When thinking about a cause, people tend to think about possible effects that participate in the same domain, and vice versa. To explore the specific domains that people use, we asked people to cluster artifacts. The analyses revealed three commonly employed mechanism domains: the mechanical, chemical, and electromagnetic. Using these domains, we tested the domain-matching heuristic by testing adults' and children's causal attribution, prediction, judgment, and subjective understanding. We found that people's responses conform with domain-matching. These results provide evidence for a heuristic that explains how people engage in causal reasoning without directly appealing to mechanistic or probabilistic knowledge.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Causality ; Child ; Humans ; Judgment/physiology ; Problem Solving ; Social Perception ; Thinking/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0268219
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Book ; Online: Improving the Load Flexibility of Stratified Electric Water Heaters

    Buechler, Elizabeth / Goldin, Aaron / Rajagopal, Ram

    Design and Experimental Validation of MPC Strategies

    2023  

    Abstract: Residential electric water heaters have significant load shifting capabilities due to their thermal heat capacity and large energy consumption. Model predictive control (MPC) has been shown to be an effective control strategy to enable water heater load ... ...

    Abstract Residential electric water heaters have significant load shifting capabilities due to their thermal heat capacity and large energy consumption. Model predictive control (MPC) has been shown to be an effective control strategy to enable water heater load shifting in home energy management systems. In this work, we analyze how modeling tank stratification in an MPC formulation impacts control performance for stratified electric water heaters under time-of-use (TOU) rates. Specifically, we propose an MPC formulation based on a three-node thermal model that captures tank stratification, and compare it to a one-node formulation that does not capture stratification and a standard thermostatic controller. These strategies are compared through both real-time laboratory testing and simulation-based evaluation for different water use patterns. Laboratory experiments show cost reductions of 12.3-23.2% for the one-node MPC and 31.2-42.5% for the three-node MPC relative to the thermostatic controller. The performance of the one-node MPC is limited by significant plant-model mismatch, while the three-node formulation better approximates real-world dynamics and results in much more effective cost reduction and load shifting. A simple analysis of how each strategy performs under water use forecast errors is also provided.
    Keywords Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
    Subject code 690
    Publishing date 2023-12-07
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Allergic phenotype identified on allergen testing is associated with proton pump inhibitor nonresponse in eosinophilic esophagitis.

    Muftah, Mayssan / Hartnett, Davis A / Flanagan, Ryan / Redd, Walker D / Jenkins, Andrew / Goldin, Alison H / Hsu Blatman, Karen / Chan, Walter W

    Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology

    2024  Volume 39, Issue 4, Page(s) 701–707

    Abstract: Background and aim: Food/environmental allergens have been associated with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE); however, the correlation between allergy profiles and disease responsiveness to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy remains unclear. We aimed to ... ...

    Abstract Background and aim: Food/environmental allergens have been associated with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE); however, the correlation between allergy profiles and disease responsiveness to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy remains unclear. We aimed to assess the association between food/environmental allergies identified on allergen testing and histologic response to PPI in patients with treatment-naive EoE.
    Methods: Adults with newly diagnosed EoE who underwent formal testing for food/environmental allergies at a tertiary center were included. All patients underwent twice-daily PPI for 8 weeks with subsequent repeat endoscopy and biopsy to assess histologic response. Patients with <15 eosinophils/hpf on post-PPI mucosal biopsies were classified as responders (PPI-r-EoE), while those with ≥15 eosinophils/hpf were nonresponders (PPI-nr-EoE).
    Results: Sixty-one patients met inclusion criteria (21 PPI-r-EoE vs 40 PPI-nr-EoE). Demographic, clinical, and endoscopic finding variables were similar between groups. Positive food allergen test was more prevalent among PPI-nr-EoE patients (82.5% vs 42.9%, P = 0.003). On multivariable analysis, positive food allergen testing remained an independent predictor for PPI nonresponse (aOR 0.15, CI: 0.04-0.58, P = 0.0006). Positive environmental allergen testing was highly prevalent, with no significant differences between groups (77.5% vs 95.2%, P = 0.14). However, higher number of positive environmental allergens (23.3% [≥5 allergens] vs 73.3% [<5 allergens], P = 0.003) and specific aeroallergens correlated with PPI-nr-EoE.
    Conclusion: Positive food allergy testing and increased environmental allergens predicted lower likelihood of histologic response to PPI in EoE. Our findings support an allergic phenotype of EoE that may less likely respond to PPI therapy. Formal allergen testing may play a role in therapy selection and tailored management in EoE.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis/diagnosis ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis/drug therapy ; Eosinophilic Esophagitis/pathology ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Allergens/therapeutic use ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Enteritis ; Eosinophilia ; Gastritis
    Chemical Substances Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Allergens
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-07
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632882-9
    ISSN 1440-1746 ; 0815-9319
    ISSN (online) 1440-1746
    ISSN 0815-9319
    DOI 10.1111/jgh.16469
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: XX > XY?: The changing female advantage in life expectancy.

    Goldin, Claudia / Lleras-Muney, Adriana

    Journal of health economics

    2019  Volume 67, Page(s) 102224

    Abstract: Females live a lot longer than males in most parts of the world today. But that was not always the case. We ask when and why the female advantage emerged. We show that reductions in maternal mortality and fertility are only partial reasons. Rather, the ... ...

    Abstract Females live a lot longer than males in most parts of the world today. But that was not always the case. We ask when and why the female advantage emerged. We show that reductions in maternal mortality and fertility are only partial reasons. Rather, the sharp reduction in infectious disease in the early twentieth century played a role. Those who survive most infectious diseases carry a health burden that affects organs and impacts general well-being. We use newly collected data from Massachusetts containing information on cause of death since 1887 to show that females between the ages of 5 and 25 were disproportionately affected by infectious diseases. Both males and females lived longer as the burden of infectious disease fell, but women were more greatly impacted. Our explanation does not tell us precisely why women live longer than men, but it does help understand the timing of their relative increase.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Cost of Illness ; Europe ; Female ; Fertility ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Life Expectancy/history ; Male ; Massachusetts/epidemiology ; Maternal Mortality ; Middle Aged ; Sex Factors ; United States ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-10
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 625797-5
    ISSN 1879-1646 ; 0167-6296
    ISSN (online) 1879-1646
    ISSN 0167-6296
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.102224
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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