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Article: A novel technique for measuring the kinetics of high-temperature gasification of biomass char with steam

Bryan Woodruff, R / Weimer, Alan W

Fuel. 2013 Jan., v. 103

2013

Abstract: Solar thermal gasification of biomass is a promising technology that allows for operation at high temperature without burning a large portion of the biomass feedstock. Additionally, the process allows for solar energy to be stored and transported in ... ...

Abstract	Solar thermal gasification of biomass is a promising technology that allows for operation at high temperature without burning a large portion of the biomass feedstock. Additionally, the process allows for solar energy to be stored and transported in chemical form. In order to design efficient solar reactors, a kinetic rate expression for high-temperature steam gasification is needed. Various methods have been used to measure the steam gasification rate of coal and biomass char at temperatures up to 1000°C. These conventional techniques often fail to collect accurate kinetic data at temperatures above 1000°C due to heat and mass transfer resistance, and the time constants associated with the analysis system. In this paper we discuss a novel kinetics measurement technique based on a modified fixed bed and data collected solely from a gas flow meter. The technique was used to collect kinetic rate data for switchgrass char over a range of reaction conditions between 1000°C and 1150°C. An empirical expression to predict the kinetic rate as a function of the degree of conversion, temperature, steam concentration, and hydrogen concentration was developed. The random pore model was used to predict the reaction rate as a function of conversion, and the initial kinetic rate was fit using a Langmuir–Hinshelwood type expression.
Keywords	Panicum virgatum ; biomass ; burning ; coal ; feedstocks ; gasification ; hydrogen ; mass transfer ; models ; solar energy ; steam ; temperature
Language	English
Dates of publication	2013-01
Size	p. 749-757.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ISSN	0016-2361
DOI	10.1016/j.fuel.2012.09.035
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: A novel brush feeder for the pneumatic delivery of dispersed small particles at steady feed rates

Woodruff, R. Bryan / Kreider, Peter / Weimer, Alan W

Powder technology. 2012 Oct., v. 229

2012

Abstract: A novel particle feeding system capable of pneumatically dispensing dispersed particles at low and consistent feed rates has been developed. The feeder is based on a rotating brush that continually cleans the outlet orifice in a hopper filled with ... ...

Abstract	A novel particle feeding system capable of pneumatically dispensing dispersed particles at low and consistent feed rates has been developed. The feeder is based on a rotating brush that continually cleans the outlet orifice in a hopper filled with particles. The system was designed specifically for biomass particles that have been milled and sieved to less than 150μm as a feedstock for laboratory scale aerosol flow reactors. This feedstock often contains a large fraction of high aspect ratio particles that form obstructions in many conventional feeding systems. In addition to biomass, the feeder has successfully fed all particles less than 150μm that have been tested. Feed rates varying from 4.25 to 2420mg/min have been obtained with spray dried algae at a constant carrier gas flow of 0.75slpm, and steady and consistent feeding with milled switchgrass has been demonstrated. The design, construction, and preliminary testing of the feeding system are presented in this paper.
Keywords	Algae ; Panicum virgatum ; aerosols ; biomass ; cleaning ; feedstocks ; spray drying
Language	English
Dates of publication	2012-10
Size	p. 45-50.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	0032-5910
DOI	10.1016/j.powtec.2012.06.002
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Child Opportunity Index and Pediatric Intensive Care Outcomes: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in the United States.

McCrory, Michael C / Akande, Manzilat / Slain, Katherine N / Kennedy, Curtis E / Winter, Meredith C / Stottlemyre, Morgan G / Wakeham, Martin K / Barnack, Kyle A / Huang, Jia Xin / Sharma, Meesha / Zurca, Adrian D / Pinto, Neethi P / Dziorny, Adam C / Maddux, Aline B / Garg, Anjali / Woodruff, Alan G / Hartman, Mary E / Timmons, Otwell D / Heidersbach, R Scott /

Cisco, Michael J / Sochet, Anthony A / Wells, Brian J / Halvorson, Elizabeth E / Saha, Amit K

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies

2023 Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 323–334

Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate for associations between a child's neighborhood, as categorized by Child Opportunity Index (COI 2.0), and 1) PICU mortality, 2) severity of illness at PICU admission, and 3) PICU length of stay (LOS).: Design: Retrospective ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To evaluate for associations between a child's neighborhood, as categorized by Child Opportunity Index (COI 2.0), and 1) PICU mortality, 2) severity of illness at PICU admission, and 3) PICU length of stay (LOS). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Fifteen PICUs in the United States. Patients: Children younger than 18 years admitted from 2019 to 2020, excluding those after cardiac procedures. Nationally-normed COI category (very low, low, moderate, high, very high) was determined for each admission by census tract, and clinical features were obtained from the Virtual Pediatric Systems LLC (Los Angeles, CA) data from each site. Interventions: None. Measurements and main results: Among 33,901 index PICU admissions during the time period, median patient age was 4.9 years and PICU mortality was 2.1%. There was a higher percentage of admissions from the very low COI category (27.3%) than other COI categories (17.2-19.5%, p < 0.0001). Patient admissions from the high and very high COI categories had a lower median Pediatric Index of Mortality 3 risk of mortality (0.70) than those from the very low, low, and moderate COI groups (0.71) ( p < 0.001). PICU mortality was lowest in the very high (1.7%) and high (1.9%) COI groups and highest in the moderate group (2.5%), followed by very low (2.3%) and low (2.2%) ( p = 0.001 across categories). Median PICU LOS was between 1.37 and 1.50 days in all COI categories. Multivariable regression revealed adjusted odds of PICU mortality of 1.30 (95% CI, 0.94-1.79; p = 0.11) for children from a very low versus very high COI neighborhood, with an odds ratio [OR] of 0.996 (95% CI, 0.993-1.00; p = 0.05) for mortality for COI as an ordinal value from 0 to 100. Children without insurance coverage had an OR for mortality of 3.58 (95% CI, 2.46-5.20; p < 0.0001) as compared with those with commercial insurance. Conclusions: Children admitted to a cohort of U.S. PICUs were often from very low COI neighborhoods. Children from very high COI neighborhoods had the lowest risk of mortality and observed mortality; however, odds of mortality were not statistically different by COI category in a multivariable model. Children without insurance coverage had significantly higher odds of PICU mortality regardless of neighborhood.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Retrospective Studies ; Hospital Mortality ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Hospitalization ; Critical Care
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052349-X
ISSN	1947-3893 ; 1529-7535
ISSN (online)	1947-3893
ISSN	1529-7535
DOI	10.1097/PCC.0000000000003427
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Article ; Online: The enigmatic function of chandelier cells.

Woodruff, Alan R / Anderson, Stewart A / Yuste, Rafael

Frontiers in neuroscience

2010 Volume 4, Page(s) 201

Abstract: Chandelier (or axo-axonic) cells are one of the most distinctive GABAergic interneurons in the brain. Their exquisite target specificity for the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons, together with their GABAergic nature, long suggested the ... ...

Abstract	Chandelier (or axo-axonic) cells are one of the most distinctive GABAergic interneurons in the brain. Their exquisite target specificity for the axon initial segment of pyramidal neurons, together with their GABAergic nature, long suggested the possibility that they provide the ultimate inhibitory control of pyramidal neuron output. Recent findings indicate that their function may be more complicated, and perhaps more interesting, than initially believed. Here we review these recent developments and their implications. We focus in particular on whether chandelier cells may provide a depolarizing, excitatory effect on pyramidal neuron output, in addition to a powerful inhibition.
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-12-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-453X
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-453X
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2010.00201
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Article: Inhibition and synchronization of basal amygdala principal neuron spiking by parvalbumin-positive interneurons.

Woodruff, Alan R / Sah, Pankaj

Journal of neurophysiology

2007 Volume 98, Issue 5, Page(s) 2956–2961

Abstract: Using mice that express enhance green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the parvalbumin promoter, we made paired recordings from interneurons and principal neurons in the basal amygdala. In synaptically connected pairs, we show that single ... ...

Abstract	Using mice that express enhance green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the parvalbumin promoter, we made paired recordings from interneurons and principal neurons in the basal amygdala. In synaptically connected pairs, we show that single action potentials in a parvalbumin expressing interneuron can inhibit spiking in the synaptically connected principal neuron. When principal neurons were provided with suprathreshold oscillatory drive via a somatic patch pipette, action potentials in the interneuron inhibited spiking in principal neurons only when the interneuron spike occurred shortly before excitation reached threshold in the principal neuron. Moreover, after this spike inhibition, there was a rebound excitation in the principal neurons that was seen as an increased probability of firing on the cycle after inhibition. These results illustrate the major role of local inhibition in the basal amygdala. We propose that these interneurons in the basal amygdala provide a potent inhibition that acts to inhibit firing of principal neurons during cortically driven oscillations.
MeSH term(s)	Action Potentials/genetics ; Action Potentials/physiology ; Amygdala/cytology ; Animals ; Electric Stimulation/methods ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Inhibition/physiology ; Neurons/classification ; Neurons/physiology ; Parvalbumins/genetics ; Parvalbumins/metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques/methods ; Probability
Chemical Substances	Parvalbumins ; Green Fluorescent Proteins (147336-22-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80161-6
ISSN	1522-1598 ; 0022-3077
ISSN (online)	1522-1598
ISSN	0022-3077
DOI	10.1152/jn.00739.2007
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Article ; Online: Networks of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the basolateral amygdala.

Woodruff, Alan R / Sah, Pankaj

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2006 Volume 27, Issue 3, Page(s) 553–563

Abstract: The amygdala is a temporal lobe structure that is required for processing emotional information. Polymodal sensory information enters the amygdala at the level of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and undergoes local processing, after which the behavioral ... ...

Abstract	The amygdala is a temporal lobe structure that is required for processing emotional information. Polymodal sensory information enters the amygdala at the level of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and undergoes local processing, after which the behavioral and autonomic responses that accompany emotions are initiated. Two main neuron types are present in the BLA, pyramidal-like principal neurons that use glutamate as their transmitter, and local circuit interneurons that use GABA as their transmitter. Although the properties of principal neurons are known in some detail, very little is known about the properties of BLA interneurons or the local circuits in which they are involved. Using mice in which EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) is expressed under the control of the parvalbumin promoter, we characterized the properties of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the BLA. By making recordings from interneuron-interneuron and interneuron-principal neuron pairs, we analyzed the intrinsic circuitry of the BLA. We show that parvalbumin-positive interneurons can be divided into four subtypes as defined by their firing properties. Interneurons are electrically coupled in subtype-specific networks and exhibit subtype-specific heterogeneities in their synaptic dynamics and patterns of connectivity. We propose that these properties allow networks of parvalbumin-expressing neurons to perform an array of information-processing tasks within the BLA.
MeSH term(s)	Amygdala/cytology ; Amygdala/metabolism ; Animals ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/genetics ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/physiology ; Interneurons/classification ; Interneurons/metabolism ; Interneurons/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nerve Net/cytology ; Nerve Net/metabolism ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Parvalbumins/biosynthesis ; Parvalbumins/genetics ; Parvalbumins/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/physiology
Chemical Substances	Parvalbumins
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-09-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3686-06.2007
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Article: Drug delivery systems for prolonged duration local anesthesia.

Santamaria, Claudia M / Woodruff, Alan / Yang, Rong / Kohane, Daniel S

Materials today (Kidlington, England)

2016 Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 22–31

Abstract: Numerous drug delivery systems have been applied to the problem of providing prolonged duration local anesthesia (PDLA). Here we review the rationale for PDLA, the desirable features for and important attributes of such systems, and specific examples ... ...

Abstract	Numerous drug delivery systems have been applied to the problem of providing prolonged duration local anesthesia (PDLA). Here we review the rationale for PDLA, the desirable features for and important attributes of such systems, and specific examples that have been developed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-12-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2083513-9
ISSN	1873-4103 ; 1369-7021
ISSN (online)	1873-4103
ISSN	1369-7021
DOI	10.1016/j.mattod.2016.11.019
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Article ; Online: Author Correction: New genetic signals for lung function highlight pathways and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associations across multiple ancestries.

Shrine, Nick / Guyatt, Anna L / Erzurumluoglu, A Mesut / Jackson, Victoria E / Hobbs, Brian D / Melbourne, Carl A / Batini, Chiara / Fawcett, Katherine A / Song, Kijoung / Sakornsakolpat, Phuwanat / Li, Xingnan / Boxall, Ruth / Reeve, Nicola F / Obeidat, Ma'en / Zhao, Jing Hua / Wielscher, Matthias / Weiss, Stefan / Kentistou, Katherine A / Cook, James P /

Sun, Benjamin B / Zhou, Jian / Hui, Jennie / Karrasch, Stefan / Imboden, Medea / Harris, Sarah E / Marten, Jonathan / Enroth, Stefan / Kerr, Shona M / Surakka, Ida / Vitart, Veronique / Lehtimäki, Terho / Allen, Richard J / Bakke, Per S / Beaty, Terri H / Bleecker, Eugene R / Bossé, Yohan / Brandsma, Corry-Anke / Chen, Zhengming / Crapo, James D / Danesh, John / DeMeo, Dawn L / Dudbridge, Frank / Ewert, Ralf / Gieger, Christian / Gulsvik, Amund / Hansell, Anna L / Hao, Ke / Hoffman, Joshua D / Hokanson, John E / Homuth, Georg / Joshi, Peter K / Joubert, Philippe / Langenberg, Claudia / Li, Xuan / Li, Liming / Lin, Kuang / Lind, Lars / Locantore, Nicholas / Luan, Jian'an / Mahajan, Anubha / Maranville, Joseph C / Murray, Alison / Nickle, David C / Packer, Richard / Parker, Margaret M / Paynton, Megan L / Porteous, David J / Prokopenko, Dmitry / Qiao, Dandi / Rawal, Rajesh / Runz, Heiko / Sayers, Ian / Sin, Don D / Smith, Blair H / Artigas, María Soler / Sparrow, David / Tal-Singer, Ruth / Timmers, Paul R H J / Van den Berge, Maarten / Whittaker, John C / Woodruff, Prescott G / Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M / Troyanskaya, Olga G / Raitakari, Olli T / Kähönen, Mika / Polašek, Ozren / Gyllensten, Ulf / Rudan, Igor / Deary, Ian J / Probst-Hensch, Nicole M / Schulz, Holger / James, Alan L / Wilson, James F / Stubbe, Beate / Zeggini, Eleftheria / Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta / Wareham, Nick / Silverman, Edwin K / Hayward, Caroline / Morris, Andrew P / Butterworth, Adam S / Scott, Robert A / Walters, Robin G / Meyers, Deborah A / Cho, Michael H / Strachan, David P / Hall, Ian P / Tobin, Martin D / Wain, Louise V

Nature genetics

2024

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	1108734-1
ISSN	1546-1718 ; 1061-4036
ISSN (online)	1546-1718
ISSN	1061-4036
DOI	10.1038/s41588-024-01752-4
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Article ; Online: Publisher Correction: Global absence and targeting of protective immune states in severe COVID-19.

Combes, Alexis J / Courau, Tristan / Kuhn, Nicholas F / Hu, Kenneth H / Ray, Arja / Chen, William S / Chew, Nayvin W / Cleary, Simon J / Kushnoor, Divyashree / Reeder, Gabriella C / Shen, Alan / Tsui, Jessica / Hiam-Galvez, Kamir J / Muñoz-Sandoval, Priscila / Zhu, Wandi S / Lee, David S / Sun, Yang / You, Ran / Magnen, Mélia /

Nature

2021 Volume 596, Issue 7872, Page(s) E8

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-021-03718-6
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Article ; Online: Of mice and men, and chandeliers.

Woodruff, Alan / Yuste, Rafael

PLoS biology

2008 Volume 6, Issue 9, Page(s) e243

Abstract: How does the human neocortex reliably propagate information through neural circuits? One mechanism appears to involve relying on strong connections from pyramidal neurons to interneurons and a depolarizing action of cortical chandelier cells. ...

Abstract	How does the human neocortex reliably propagate information through neural circuits? One mechanism appears to involve relying on strong connections from pyramidal neurons to interneurons and a depolarizing action of cortical chandelier cells.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Interneurons/cytology ; Interneurons/physiology ; Interneurons/ultrastructure ; Mice ; Neocortex/cytology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
Chemical Substances	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-09-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2126776-5
ISSN	1545-7885 ; 1544-9173
ISSN (online)	1545-7885
ISSN	1544-9173
DOI	10.1371/journal.pbio.0060243
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