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Article ; Online: Sensorimotor processing in the rodent barrel cortex.

Petersen, Carl C H

2019 Volume 20, Issue 9, Page(s) 533–546

Abstract: Tactile sensory information from facial whiskers provides nocturnal tunnel-dwelling rodents, including mice and rats, with important spatial and textural information about their immediate surroundings. Whiskers are moved back and forth to scan the ... ...

Abstract	Tactile sensory information from facial whiskers provides nocturnal tunnel-dwelling rodents, including mice and rats, with important spatial and textural information about their immediate surroundings. Whiskers are moved back and forth to scan the environment (whisking), and touch signals from each whisker evoke sparse patterns of neuronal activity in whisker-related primary somatosensory cortex (wS1; barrel cortex). Whisking is accompanied by desynchronized brain states and cell-type-specific changes in spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity. Tactile information, including object texture and location, appears to be computed in wS1 through integration of motor and sensory signals. wS1 also directly controls whisker movements and contributes to learned, whisker-dependent, goal-directed behaviours. The cell-type-specific neuronal circuitry in wS1 that contributes to whisker sensory perception is beginning to be defined.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Mice ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Rats ; Rodentia ; Sensorimotor Cortex/physiology ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology ; Touch/physiology ; Vibrissae/innervation ; Vibrissae/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2034150-7
ISSN	1471-0048 ; 1471-0048 ; 1471-003X
ISSN (online)	1471-0048
ISSN	1471-0048 ; 1471-003X
DOI	10.1038/s41583-019-0200-y
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Zs.MG 47: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Membrane potential dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in mouse barrel cortex during active whisker sensing.

Kiritani, Taro / Pala, Aurélie / Gasselin, Célia / Crochet, Sylvain / Petersen, Carl C H

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 6, Page(s) e0287174

Abstract: Neocortical neurons can increasingly be divided into well-defined classes, but their activity patterns during quantified behavior remain to be fully determined. Here, we obtained membrane potential recordings from various classes of excitatory and ... ...

Abstract	Neocortical neurons can increasingly be divided into well-defined classes, but their activity patterns during quantified behavior remain to be fully determined. Here, we obtained membrane potential recordings from various classes of excitatory and inhibitory neurons located across different cortical depths in the primary whisker somatosensory barrel cortex of awake head-restrained mice during quiet wakefulness, free whisking and active touch. Excitatory neurons, especially those located superficially, were hyperpolarized with low action potential firing rates relative to inhibitory neurons. Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons on average fired at the highest rates, responding strongly and rapidly to whisker touch. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing inhibitory neurons were excited during whisking, but responded to active touch only after a delay. Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons had the smallest membrane potential fluctuations and exhibited hyperpolarising responses at whisking onset for superficial, but not deep, neurons. Interestingly, rapid repetitive whisker touch evoked excitatory responses in somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons, but not when the intercontact interval was long. Our analyses suggest that distinct genetically-defined classes of neurons at different subpial depths have differential activity patterns depending upon behavioral state providing a basis for constraining future computational models of neocortical function.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Membrane Potentials ; Vibrissae ; Touch ; Neurons ; Somatostatin
Chemical Substances	Somatostatin (51110-01-1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0287174
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Article: Axonal and Dendritic Morphology of Excitatory Neurons in Layer 2/3 Mouse Barrel Cortex Imaged Through Whole-Brain Two-Photon Tomography and Registered to a Digital Brain Atlas.

Liu, Yanqi / Foustoukos, Georgios / Crochet, Sylvain / Petersen, Carl C H

Frontiers in neuroanatomy

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) 791015

Abstract: Communication between cortical areas contributes importantly to sensory perception and cognition. On the millisecond time scale, information is signaled from one brain area to another by action potentials propagating across long-range axonal ... ...

Abstract	Communication between cortical areas contributes importantly to sensory perception and cognition. On the millisecond time scale, information is signaled from one brain area to another by action potentials propagating across long-range axonal arborizations. Here, we develop and test methodology for imaging and annotating the brain-wide axonal arborizations of individual excitatory layer 2/3 neurons in mouse barrel cortex through single-cell electroporation and two-photon serial section tomography followed by registration to a digital brain atlas. Each neuron had an extensive local axon within the barrel cortex. In addition, individual neurons innervated subsets of secondary somatosensory cortex; primary somatosensory cortex for upper limb, trunk, and lower limb; primary and secondary motor cortex; visual and auditory cortical regions; dorsolateral striatum; and various fiber bundles. In the future, it will be important to assess if the diversity of axonal projections across individual layer 2/3 mouse barrel cortex neurons is accompanied by functional differences in their activity patterns.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2452969-2
ISSN	1662-5129
ISSN	1662-5129
DOI	10.3389/fnana.2021.791015
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Article ; Online: Membrane potential dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in mouse barrel cortex during active whisker sensing.

Taro Kiritani / Aurélie Pala / Célia Gasselin / Sylvain Crochet / Carl C H Petersen

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 6, p e

2023 Volume 0287174

Abstract	Neocortical neurons can increasingly be divided into well-defined classes, but their activity patterns during quantified behavior remain to be fully determined. Here, we obtained membrane potential recordings from various classes of excitatory and inhibitory neurons located across different cortical depths in the primary whisker somatosensory barrel cortex of awake head-restrained mice during quiet wakefulness, free whisking and active touch. Excitatory neurons, especially those located superficially, were hyperpolarized with low action potential firing rates relative to inhibitory neurons. Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons on average fired at the highest rates, responding strongly and rapidly to whisker touch. Vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing inhibitory neurons were excited during whisking, but responded to active touch only after a delay. Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons had the smallest membrane potential fluctuations and exhibited hyperpolarising responses at whisking onset for superficial, but not deep, neurons. Interestingly, rapid repetitive whisker touch evoked excitatory responses in somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons, but not when the intercontact interval was long. Our analyses suggest that distinct genetically-defined classes of neurons at different subpial depths have differential activity patterns depending upon behavioral state providing a basis for constraining future computational models of neocortical function.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571 ; 590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Whole-Cell Recording of Neuronal Membrane Potential during Behavior.

Petersen, Carl C H

Neuron

2017 Volume 95, Issue 6, Page(s) 1266–1281

Abstract: Neuronal membrane potential is of fundamental importance for the mechanistic understanding of brain function. This review discusses progress in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings for low-noise measurement of neuronal membrane potential in awake behaving ... ...

Abstract	Neuronal membrane potential is of fundamental importance for the mechanistic understanding of brain function. This review discusses progress in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings for low-noise measurement of neuronal membrane potential in awake behaving animals. Whole-cell recordings can be combined with two-photon microscopy to target fluorescently labeled neurons, revealing cell-type-specific membrane potential dynamics of retrogradely or genetically labeled neurons. Dual whole-cell recordings reveal behavioral modulation of membrane potential synchrony and properties of synaptic transmission in vivo. Optogenetic manipulations are also readily integrated with whole-cell recordings, providing detailed information about the effect of specific perturbations on the membrane potential of diverse types of neurons. Exciting developments for future behavioral experiments include dendritic whole-cell recordings and imaging, and use of the whole-cell recording pipette for single-cell delivery of drugs and DNA, as well as RNA expression profiling. Whole-cell recordings therefore offer unique opportunities for investigating the neuronal circuits and synaptic mechanisms driving membrane potential dynamics during behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton ; Neurons/cytology ; Neurons/physiology ; Optogenetics ; Patch-Clamp Techniques/methods ; Patch-Clamp Techniques/trends
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	808167-0
ISSN	1097-4199 ; 0896-6273
ISSN (online)	1097-4199
ISSN	0896-6273
DOI	10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.049
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Zs.A 2496: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MG 92: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Toward Biophysical Mechanisms of Neocortical Computation after 50 Years of Barrel Cortex Research.

Petersen, Carl C H / Knott, Graham W / Holtmaat, Anthony / Schürmann, Felix

Function (Oxford, England)

2020 Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) zqaa046

MeSH term(s)	Neocortex
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2633-8823
ISSN (online)	2633-8823
DOI	10.1093/function/zqaa046
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Article ; Online: Cell Type-Specific Membrane Potential Changes in Dorsolateral Striatum Accompanying Reward-Based Sensorimotor Learning.

Sippy, Tanya / Chaimowitz, Corryn / Crochet, Sylvain / Petersen, Carl C H

Function (Oxford, England)

2021 Volume 2, Issue 6, Page(s) zqab049

Abstract: The striatum integrates sensorimotor and motivational signals, likely playing a key role in reward-based learning of goal-directed behavior. However, cell type-specific mechanisms underlying reinforcement learning remain to be precisely determined. Here, ...

Abstract	The striatum integrates sensorimotor and motivational signals, likely playing a key role in reward-based learning of goal-directed behavior. However, cell type-specific mechanisms underlying reinforcement learning remain to be precisely determined. Here, we investigated changes in membrane potential dynamics of dorsolateral striatal neurons comparing naïve mice and expert mice trained to lick a reward spout in response to whisker deflection. We recorded from three distinct cell types: (i) direct pathway striatonigral neurons, which express type 1 dopamine receptors; (ii) indirect pathway striatopallidal neurons, which express type 2 dopamine receptors; and (iii) tonically active, putative cholinergic, striatal neurons. Task learning was accompanied by cell type-specific changes in the membrane potential dynamics evoked by the whisker deflection and licking in successfully-performed trials. Both striatonigral and striatopallidal types of striatal projection neurons showed enhanced task-related depolarization across learning. Striatonigral neurons showed a prominent increase in a short latency sensory-evoked depolarization in expert compared to naïve mice. In contrast, the putative cholinergic striatal neurons developed a hyperpolarizing response across learning, driving a pause in their firing. Our results reveal cell type-specific changes in striatal membrane potential dynamics across the learning of a simple goal-directed sensorimotor transformation, helpful for furthering the understanding of the various potential roles of different basal ganglia circuits.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2633-8823
ISSN (online)	2633-8823
DOI	10.1093/function/zqab049
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Article ; Online: Distributed and specific encoding of sensory, motor, and decision information in the mouse neocortex during goal-directed behavior.

Oryshchuk, Anastasiia / Sourmpis, Christos / Weverbergh, Julie / Asri, Reza / Esmaeili, Vahid / Modirshanechi, Alireza / Gerstner, Wulfram / Petersen, Carl C H / Crochet, Sylvain

Cell reports

2023 Volume 43, Issue 1, Page(s) 113618

Abstract: Goal-directed behaviors involve coordinated activity in many cortical areas, but whether the encoding of task variables is distributed across areas or is more specifically represented in distinct areas remains unclear. Here, we compared representations ... ...

Abstract	Goal-directed behaviors involve coordinated activity in many cortical areas, but whether the encoding of task variables is distributed across areas or is more specifically represented in distinct areas remains unclear. Here, we compared representations of sensory, motor, and decision information in the whisker primary somatosensory cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and tongue-jaw primary motor cortex in mice trained to lick in response to a whisker stimulus with mice that were not taught this association. Irrespective of learning, properties of the sensory stimulus were best encoded in the sensory cortex, whereas fine movement kinematics were best represented in the motor cortex. However, movement initiation and the decision to lick in response to the whisker stimulus were represented in all three areas, with decision neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex being more selective, showing minimal sensory responses in miss trials and motor responses during spontaneous licks. Our results reconcile previous studies indicating highly specific vs. highly distributed sensorimotor processing.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology ; Goals ; Parietal Lobe ; Neocortex ; Neurons ; Vibrissae/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2649101-1
ISSN	2211-1247 ; 2211-1247
ISSN (online)	2211-1247
ISSN	2211-1247
DOI	10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113618
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Article ; Online: Neuronal Circuits in Barrel Cortex for Whisker Sensory Perception.

Staiger, Jochen F / Petersen, Carl C H

Physiological reviews

2020 Volume 101, Issue 1, Page(s) 353–415

Abstract: The array of whiskers on the snout provides rodents with tactile sensory information relating to the size, shape and texture of objects in their immediate environment. Rodents can use their whiskers to detect stimuli, distinguish textures, locate objects ...

Abstract	The array of whiskers on the snout provides rodents with tactile sensory information relating to the size, shape and texture of objects in their immediate environment. Rodents can use their whiskers to detect stimuli, distinguish textures, locate objects and navigate. Important aspects of whisker sensation are thought to result from neuronal computations in the whisker somatosensory cortex (wS1). Each whisker is individually represented in the somatotopic map of wS1 by an anatomical unit named a 'barrel' (hence also called barrel cortex). This allows precise investigation of sensory processing in the context of a well-defined map. Here, we first review the signaling pathways from the whiskers to wS1, and then discuss current understanding of the various types of excitatory and inhibitory neurons present within wS1. Different classes of cells can be defined according to anatomical, electrophysiological and molecular features. The synaptic connectivity of neurons within local wS1 microcircuits, as well as their long-range interactions and the impact of neuromodulators, are beginning to be understood. Recent technological progress has allowed cell-type-specific connectivity to be related to cell-type-specific activity during whisker-related behaviors. An important goal for future research is to obtain a causal and mechanistic understanding of how selected aspects of tactile sensory information are processed by specific types of neurons in the synaptically connected neuronal networks of wS1 and signaled to downstream brain areas, thus contributing to sensory-guided decision-making.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain Diseases/physiopathology ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Mice ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Sensation/physiology ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology ; Vibrissae/innervation ; Vibrissae/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	209902-0
ISSN	1522-1210 ; 0031-9333
ISSN (online)	1522-1210
ISSN	0031-9333
DOI	10.1152/physrev.00019.2019
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Article ; Online: Layer-Dependent Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity Between Excitatory Neurons in the C2 Barrel Column of Mouse Primary Somatosensory Cortex.

Lefort, Sandrine / Petersen, Carl C H

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

2017 Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 3869–3878

Abstract: Neurons process information through spatiotemporal integration of synaptic input. Synaptic transmission between any given pair of neurons is typically a dynamic process with presynaptic action potentials (APs) evoking depressing or facilitating ... ...

Abstract	Neurons process information through spatiotemporal integration of synaptic input. Synaptic transmission between any given pair of neurons is typically a dynamic process with presynaptic action potentials (APs) evoking depressing or facilitating postsynaptic potentials when presynaptic APs occur within hundreds of milliseconds of each other. In order to understand neocortical function, it is therefore important to investigate such short-term synaptic plasticity at synapses between different types of neocortical neurons. Here, we examine short-term synaptic dynamics between excitatory neurons in different layers of the mouse C2 barrel column through in vitro whole-cell recordings. We find layer-dependent short-term plasticity, with depression being dominant at many synaptic connections. Interestingly, however, presynaptic layer 2 neurons predominantly give rise to facilitating excitatory synaptic output at short interspike intervals of 10 and 30 ms. Previous studies have found prominent burst firing of excitatory neurons in supragranular layers of awake mice. The facilitation we observed in the synaptic output of layer 2 may, therefore, be functionally relevant, possibly serving to enhance the postsynaptic impact of burst firing.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biophysics ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Net/physiology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Somatosensory Cortex/cytology ; Synapses/physiology ; Time Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2017--01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1077450-6
ISSN	1460-2199 ; 1047-3211
ISSN (online)	1460-2199
ISSN	1047-3211
DOI	10.1093/cercor/bhx094
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