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Article: Effect of Immunomodulation in Turkeys Infected with Haemorrhagic Enteritis Virus on the Percentage of CD4

Tykałowski, Bartłomiej / Koncicki, Andrzej

2022 Volume 66, Issue 4, Page(s) 537–547

Abstract: Introduction: Haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) is a common turkey pathogen which suppresses the immune function. The immunosuppressive potential of both field and vaccine strains of HEV makes it necessary to seek substances which can limit or prevent ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) is a common turkey pathogen which suppresses the immune function. The immunosuppressive potential of both field and vaccine strains of HEV makes it necessary to seek substances which can limit or prevent this phenomenon. The aim of the presented work was to investigate the effect of two immunomodulators in the immune response of HEV-infected turkeys. The immunomodulators were synthetic methisoprinol and a natural preparation containing 34.2% β-glucans (β-1,3/1,6) and 12% mannan oligosaccharides (MOS). Material and methods: The synthetic immunomodulator was administered to female Big 6 turkey chicks at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. in drinking water i) for 3 days before, ii) for 5 days after, or iii) for 3 days before, on the day of infection, and for 5 days after experimental HEV infection in turkeys. The natural counterpart was also given to female Big 6 turkey chicks at a dose of 500 g/tonne of feed i) for 14 days before, ii) for 5 days after, or iii) for 14 days before, on the day of infection, and for 5 days after infection. Their effect was evaluated on the synthesis of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by splenic CD4+ and CD8α+ T cells in response to mitogen stimulation Results: Methisoprinol was shown to increase the CD4 Conclusion: The evaluated immunomodulators may be used to attenuate the effects of immunosuppression in HEV-infected turkeys.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-10
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2855010-9
ISSN	2450-8608 ; 2450-7393
ISSN (online)	2450-8608
ISSN	2450-7393
DOI	10.2478/jvetres-2022-0068
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Article ; Online: Effect of immunomodulation in turkeys infected with haemorrhagic enteritis virus on the percentage of CD4+ and CD8α+ T lymphocyte subpopulations synthesising IFN-γ

Tykałowski Bartłomiej / Koncicki Andrzej

Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol 66, Iss 4, Pp 537-

2022 Volume 547

Abstract: Haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) is a common turkey pathogen which suppresses the immune function. The immunosuppressive potential of both field and vaccine strains of HEV makes it necessary to seek substances which can limit or prevent this phenomenon. ...

Abstract	Haemorrhagic enteritis virus (HEV) is a common turkey pathogen which suppresses the immune function. The immunosuppressive potential of both field and vaccine strains of HEV makes it necessary to seek substances which can limit or prevent this phenomenon. The aim of the presented work was to investigate the effect of two immunomodulators in the immune response of HEV-infected turkeys. The immunomodulators were synthetic methisoprinol and a natural preparation containing 34.2% β-glucans (β-1,3/1,6) and 12% mannan oligosaccharides (MOS).
Keywords	haemorrhagic enteritis virus ; immune response ; immunomodulation ; turkeys ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sciendo
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Gastrointestinal response to the early administration of antimicrobial agents in growing turkeys infected with Escherichia coli.

Mikulski, Dariusz / Juśkiewicz, Jerzy / Ognik, Katarzyna / Fotschki, Bartosz / Tykałowski, Bartłomiej / Jankowski, Jan

Poultry science

2024 Volume 103, Issue 6, Page(s) 103720

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of the early administration of enrofloxacin (E) or doxycycline (D) for the first 5 consecutive days of life, or the continuous administration of the coccidiostat monensin (M) throughout the rearing period on ... ...

Abstract	This study investigated the effects of the early administration of enrofloxacin (E) or doxycycline (D) for the first 5 consecutive days of life, or the continuous administration of the coccidiostat monensin (M) throughout the rearing period on gastrointestinal function in turkeys infected with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in an early or later stage of rearing. Experiment 1 lasted 21 d, and turkeys in groups E, D, and M were infected with APEC on d 15. Experiment 2 lasted 56 d, and it had a factorial arrangement of treatments where birds in groups E, D, and M were infected with APEC on d 15 or d 50. In both experiments, control groups (C) consisted of infected and uninfected birds without antibiotic or coccidiostat administration. On d 21 (Experiment 1) and d 56 (Experiment 2), 8 birds from each subgroup were killed, and the ileal and cecal digesta were sampled to analyze the activity of bacterial enzymes and the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). The experimental treatments did not affect the final body weight or body weight gain of birds. Both experiments demonstrated that APEC contributed to an increase in ammonia levels of the cecal digesta (means from 2 experiments: 0.311 vs. 0.225 mg/g in uninfected birds) and ileal pH (6.79 vs. 6.00) and viscosity (2.43 vs. 1.83 mPa⋅s). Moreover, the E. coli challenge enhanced the extracellular activity of several cecal bacterial enzymes, especially in older turkeys infected with APEC in a later stage of life. The continuous administration of monensin throughout the rearing period resulted in a weaker gastrointestinal response in older birds, compared with the other 2 antibiotics administered for the first 5 d of life. The results of the study are inconclusive as both desirable and undesirable effects of preventive early short-term antibiotic therapy were observed in turkeys, including normalization of ileal viscosity and cecal ammonia concentration (positive effect), and disruption in cecal SCFA production (negative effect).
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.1016/j.psj.2024.103720
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Article: The Clinical Infection with Pigeon Circovirus (PiCV) Leads to Lymphocyte B Apoptosis But Has No Effect on Lymphocyte T Subpopulation.

Stenzel, Tomasz / Dziewulska, Daria / Tykałowski, Bartłomiej / Koncicki, Andrzej

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 9, Issue 8

Abstract: The pathology of pigeon circovirus (PiCV) is still unknown, but it is regarded as an immunosuppressant. This study aimed to find a correlation between PiCV natural infection and immunosuppression. The study was conducted with 56 pigeons divided into the ... ...

Abstract	The pathology of pigeon circovirus (PiCV) is still unknown, but it is regarded as an immunosuppressant. This study aimed to find a correlation between PiCV natural infection and immunosuppression. The study was conducted with 56 pigeons divided into the following groups: PiCV-positive but showing (group S) or not (group I) non-specific clinical symptoms and asymptomatic pigeons negative for PiCV (group H). The percentage and apoptosis of T CD3
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens9080632
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Article: Immune Parameters in Chickens Treated with Antibiotics and Probiotics during Early Life.

Jankowski, Jan / Tykałowski, Bartłomiej / Stępniowska, Anna / Konieczka, Paweł / Koncicki, Andrzej / Matusevičius, Paulius / Ognik, Katarzyna

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2022 Volume 12, Issue 9

Abstract: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the administration of antibiotics or probiotics on chickens in their first week of life, on selected parameters of humoral and cellular immunity, and on the bursa of Fabricius and spleen indices. The ... ...

Abstract	The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the administration of antibiotics or probiotics on chickens in their first week of life, on selected parameters of humoral and cellular immunity, and on the bursa of Fabricius and spleen indices. The experiment was carried out on 90 one-day-old male broilers. The control group received no additive in the drinking water; the group GP received a probiotic providing
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani12091133
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Article: The impact of full-fat

Tykałowski, Bartłomiej / Koncicki, Andrzej / Kowalczyk, Joanna / Śmiałek, Marcin / Bakuła, Tadeusz / Murawska, Daria / Sobotka, Wiesław / Stenzel, Tomasz

Journal of veterinary research

2023 Volume 67, Issue 2, Page(s) 197–207

Abstract: Introduction: Alternative protein sources have recently been attracting growing interest as potential components of livestock nutrition. This study evaluated the effect on broiler health of replacing the soybean protein component of poultry feed with ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Alternative protein sources have recently been attracting growing interest as potential components of livestock nutrition. This study evaluated the effect on broiler health of replacing the soybean protein component of poultry feed with processed insect protein from farmed Material and methods: A total of 384 male broiler chicks were divided into four diet groups (eight pens/treatment and 12 birds/pen) and reared to the 42 Results: On the 42 Conclusion: The poorer production results and impaired health in experimental birds may indicate lower than 50% protein substitution with full-fat HI larvae meal to be optimal.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2855010-9
ISSN	2450-8608 ; 2450-7393
ISSN (online)	2450-8608
ISSN	2450-7393
DOI	10.2478/jvetres-2023-0022
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Article ; Online: The effect of early administration of antibiotics or feeding a diet containing a coccidiostat on inflammatory responses and the morphological structure of selected organs of the immune system in young meat-type turkeys.

Smagieł, Radosław / Ognik, Katarzyna / Cholewińska, Ewelina / Stępniowska, Anna / Listos, Piotr / Tykałowski, Bartłomiej / Mikulski, Dariusz / Koncicki, Andrzej / Jankowski, Jan

Poultry science

2023 Volume 102, Issue 9, Page(s) 102876

Abstract: It was assumed that early administration of enrofloxacin or doxycycline may impair immune function and alter the morphology of organs of the immune system in turkeys, and that diets containing the coccidiostat monensin, an ionophore antibiotic, can exert ...

Abstract	It was assumed that early administration of enrofloxacin or doxycycline may impair immune function and alter the morphology of organs of the immune system in turkeys, and that diets containing the coccidiostat monensin, an ionophore antibiotic, can exert similar effects. The aim of this study was to determine whether early antibiotic administration or feeding a diet containing a coccidiostat affect immune function in young turkeys. The experiment had a completely randomized design, with 8 groups (a total of 3,080 one-day-old turkeys), 7 replicate pens per group and 55 birds per pen. The experiment had a 2-factorial design, with 4 treatments (C-control, M-monensin, E-enrofloxacin, and D-doxycycline) and 2 groups of birds (vaccinated and unvaccinated) per treatment. Control group birds did not receive the coccidiostat or antibiotics. Group M was administered monensin at 90 mg/kg feed for the first 5 d of life, group E received enrofloxacin at 10 mg/kg BW, added to drinking water, for the first 5 d of life, and group D received doxycycline at 50 mg/kg BW, added to drinking water, for the first 5 d of life. One-day old turkeys from groups C+, M+, E+, and D+ were administered live-attenuated vaccines against turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) (Poulvac TRT; Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) and Newcastle disease (ND) (Nobilis ND clone 30; Merck, Rahway, NJ) by coarse spray; 28-day-old birds were administered a subcutaneously injected inactivated vaccine against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) (Ornitin, Phibro, Poland). Turkeys from groups C-, M-, E-, and D- were not vaccinated. It was found that early administration of enrofloxacin or doxycycline, or feeding a diet containing monensin, did not weaken the immune system of turkeys. The administration of monensin, in particular when combined with vaccination, was least effective in inhibiting inflammatory responses. Histological changes in immunocompetent organs (fatty degeneration) were also most severe in birds receiving monensin, followed by those administered doxycycline and enrofloxacin. The observed changes were exacerbated by vaccination.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Coccidiostats ; Diet/veterinary ; Doxycycline ; Drinking Water ; Enrofloxacin ; Immune System ; Meat ; Monensin ; Turkeys
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coccidiostats ; Doxycycline (N12000U13O) ; Drinking Water ; Enrofloxacin (3DX3XEK1BN) ; Monensin (906O0YJ6ZP)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.1016/j.psj.2023.102876
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Article: Phytoncides in the prevention and therapy of blackhead disease and their effect on the turkey immune system

Tykałowski, Bartłomiej / Śmiałek, Marcin / Kowalczyk, Joanna / Dziewulska, Daria / Stenzel, Tomasz / Koncicki, Andrzej

Journal of Veterinary Research. 2021 Jan. 29, v. 65, no. 1

2021

Abstract: Turkey histomonosis poses a serious threat to poultry production due to the ban on the use of effective drugs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a phytoncidal feed supplement on the course of histomonosis. The preparation was also ... ...

Abstract	Turkey histomonosis poses a serious threat to poultry production due to the ban on the use of effective drugs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of a phytoncidal feed supplement on the course of histomonosis. The preparation was also analysed for immunomodulatory properties. Clinical observations and production monitoring were conducted in a flock of turkeys with histomonosis from their 11ᵗʰ to 56ᵗʰ weeks of life which were treated with the adiCoxSᴼᴸPF soluble supplement in a dose of 2.5 mL/L water. Later the preparation was used in a preventive dose (1 mL/L). The influence on the immune system was evaluated in broiler turkeys having been given adiCoxSᴼᴸPF for 3 days in doses of 1 or 3 mL/L. The T and B lymphocyte percentages in turkey blood and spleen tissue were analysed with flow cytometry. ELISA was implemented to evaluate antibody titres after Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale vaccination, and biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the supplement’s safety. AdiCoxSᴼᴸPF was found effective in therapy and prevention of histomonosis. Additionally, adiCoxSᴼᴸPF stimulated both humoral and cell-mediated immune mechanisms, without impairing the functions of internal organs. The treated turkeys also yielded better production results (eggs/hen, fertility, and hatchability). AdiCoxSᴼᴸPF possesses immunomodulatory properties and it can be used successfully in the prevention and therapy of histomonosis in turkeys.
Keywords	B-lymphocytes ; Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale ; antibodies ; feed supplements ; flocks ; flow cytometry ; hens ; poultry production ; spleen ; vaccination ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0129
Size	p. 79-85.
Publishing place	Sciendo
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2855010-9
ISSN	2450-8608 ; 2450-7393
ISSN (online)	2450-8608
ISSN	2450-7393
DOI	10.2478/jvetres-2021-0010
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: IFNγ Production Profile in Turkeys of Different Immunological Status after TRT Vaccination.

Śmiałek, Marcin / Tykałowski, Bartłomiej / Dziewulska, Daria / Kowalczyk, Joanna / Koncicki, Andrzej

Journal of veterinary research

2020 Volume 64, Issue 2, Page(s) 239–245

Abstract: Introduction: Despite vaccination against avian metapneumoviruses (aMPV), cases of turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) caused by aMPV field strains are frequently reported. Differences have been shown in the level of immune system stimulation after aMPV ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Despite vaccination against avian metapneumoviruses (aMPV), cases of turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) caused by aMPV field strains are frequently reported. Differences have been shown in the level of immune system stimulation after aMPV vaccination between turkeys that do and do not possess specific anti-aMPV maternally derived antibodies (MDA). The article describes the influence of MDA on the production of IFNγ in the spleen of aMPV-vaccinated turkeys. Material and methods: MDA+ or MDA- turkeys were vaccinated against TRT after hatching or on the 14 Results: Increased IFNγ gene expression was noticed after vaccination only in birds that did not possess MDA or possessed MDA at relatively low level (MDA+ birds vaccinated at 14 DOL). In all birds, an increased percentage of T lymphocytes producing IFNγ was recorded. The proportion of anti-aMPV IFNγ-secreting cells was increased only in MDA- birds. Conclusion: Besides having a protective role, MDA are known to interfere with vaccination efficacy. The analysis of our results confirms that MDA can decrease the level of immune system stimulation after aMPV vaccination of turkeys.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-16
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2855010-9
ISSN	2450-8608 ; 2450-7393
ISSN (online)	2450-8608
ISSN	2450-7393
DOI	10.2478/jvetres-2020-0040
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Article ; Online: The Clinical Infection with Pigeon Circovirus (PiCV) Leads to Lymphocyte B Apoptosis But Has No Effect on Lymphocyte T Subpopulation

Tomasz Stenzel / Daria Dziewulska / Bartłomiej Tykałowski / Andrzej Koncicki

Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 632, p

2020 Volume 632

Abstract	The pathology of pigeon circovirus (PiCV) is still unknown, but it is regarded as an immunosuppressant. This study aimed to find a correlation between PiCV natural infection and immunosuppression. The study was conducted with 56 pigeons divided into the following groups: PiCV-positive but showing (group S) or not (group I) non-specific clinical symptoms and asymptomatic pigeons negative for PiCV (group H). The percentage and apoptosis of T CD3 + and B IgM + splenocytes; the expression of CD4, CD8, and IFN-γ genes in splenic mononuclear cells; the number of PiCV viral loads in the bursa of Fabricius; and the level of anti-PiCV antibodies were analyzed. The results showed that the percentage of B IgM + cells was almost two-fold lower in group S than in group H, and that ca. 20% of the lymphocytes were apoptotic. No increased apoptosis was detected in TCD3 + subpopulation. The PiCV viral loads were approximately one thousand and ten thousand times higher in group S than in groups I and H, respectively. Our results indicate a possible correlation between the number of PiCV viral loads and severity of PiCV infection and confirm that PiCV infection leads to the suppression of humoral immunity by inducing B lymphocyte apoptosis.
Keywords	apoptosis ; digital droplet PCR ; flow cytometry ; lymphocytes ; pigeons ; pigeon circovirus ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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