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  1. Book ; Online: Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis

    Carmena, David / González-Barrio, David / Köster, Pamela Carolina

    2022  

    Keywords Research & information: general ; Biology, life sciences ; Cryptosporidium ; genotype ; Bactrian camels ; zoonotic potential ; public health ; Cryptosporidium parvum ; subtype ; bamboo rat ; human pathogen ; Cryptosporidium felis ; 60-kDa glycoprotein ; subtypes ; zoonotic transmission ; Giardia duodenalis ; coypus (Myocastor coypus) ; multi-locus genotype ; genetic variation ; zoonotic genotypes ; PCR (polymerase chain reaction) ; China ; Giardia ; Brazil ; Amazon ; asymptomatic ; community ; genotyping ; indigenous ; risk association ; Tapirapé ; transmission ; Blastocystis ; enteric parasites ; children ; diarrhoea ; PCR ; molecular epidemiology ; Mozambique ; acute diarrhea ; risk factor ; gp60 ; ssu rRNA ; prevalence ; GEMS ; parasite ; parasitology ; epidemiology ; genetic diversity ; host specificity ; Europe ; Scandinavia ; protist ; sporozoa ; zoonosis ; detection ; diagnosis ; sensitivity ; specificity ; coinfection ; enteric protists ; Entamoeba histolytica ; Blastocystis sp ; molecular diversity ; Cryptosporidium cuniculus ; rabbits ; Egypt ; gp60 gene ; PCR-RFLP ; zoonoses ; Cryptosporidium xiaoi ; subtyping ; host adaptation ; Enterocytozoon bieneusi ; Cryptosporidium spp ; pet dogs and cats ; Yunnan province ; n/a
    Size 1 electronic resource (216 pages)
    Publisher MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publishing place Basel
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021291356
    ISBN 9783036530789 ; 3036530789
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Presence and genetic diversity of enteric protists in captive and semi-captive non-human primates in côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Peru

    Pamela C. Köster / Juan Lapuente / Andrea Pizarro / Laura Prieto-Pérez / Ramón Pérez-Tanoira / Alejandro Dashti / Begoña Bailo / Aly S. Muadica / David González-Barrio / Rafael Calero-Bernal / Francisco Ponce-Gordo / David Carmena

    International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, Vol 17, Iss , Pp 26-

    2022  Volume 34

    Abstract: ... AZG) in Côte d’Ivoire, the Tacugama Sanctuary (TS) in Sierra Leone, and the Quistococha ...

    Abstract Little information is currently available on the occurrence and genetic diversity of pathogenic and commensal protist species in captive and semi-captive non-human primates (NHP) resident in zoological gardens or sanctuaries in low- and medium-income countries. In this molecular-based study, we prospectively collected individual faecal samples from apparently healthy NHP at the Abidjan Zoological Garden (AZG) in Côte d’Ivoire, the Tacugama Sanctuary (TS) in Sierra Leone, and the Quistococha Zoological Garden (QZG) in Peru between November 2018 and February 2020. We evaluated for the presence of pathogenic (Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis sp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Balantioides coli) and commensal (Entamoeba dispar, Troglodytella abrassarti) protist species using PCR methods and Sanger sequencing. Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent species found (25.9%, 30/116), followed by Blastocystis sp. (22.4%, 26/116), and E. dispar (18.1%, 21/116). We detected E. bieneusi (4.2%, 1/24) and T. abrassarti (12.5%, 3/24) only on NHP from AZG. Cryptosporidium spp., E. histolytica, and B. coli were undetected at the three sampling sites investigated here. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of zoonotic sub-assemblages BIII (n = 1) in AZG and BIV (n = 1) in TS within G. duodenalis. We identified Blastocystis subtype ST3 (100%, 6/6) in AZG, ST1 (80.0%, 12/15), ST2 (6.7%, 1/15), and ST3 (13.3%, 2/15) in TS, and ST2 (80.0%, 4/5) and ST3 (20.0%, 1/5) in QZG. The only E. bieneusi isolate detected here was identified as zoonotic genotype CAF4. Our PCR-based data indicate that potentially pathogenic protist species including G. duodenalis, Blastocystis sp., E. bieneusi, and B. coli are present at variable rates in the three NHP populations investigated here. The identification of zoonotic genotypes within these species indicates that human-NHP transmission is possible, although the extent and directionality of these events need to be elucidated in future molecular surveys.
    Keywords Enteric protists ; Captive non-human primates ; Genotyping ; Conservation ; Zoonoses ; Transmission ; Zoology ; QL1-991
    Subject code 580
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: Presence and genetic diversity of enteric protists in captive and semi-captive non-human primates in côte d’Ivoire, Sierra Leone, and Peru

    Köster, Pamela C. / Lapuente, Juan / Pizarro, Andrea / Prieto-Pérez, Laura / Pérez-Tanoira, Ramón / Dashti, Alejandro / Bailo, Begoña / Muadica, Aly S. / González-Barrio, David / Calero-Bernal, Rafael / Ponce-Gordo, Francisco / Carmena, David

    International journal for parasitology. 2022 Apr., v. 17

    2022  

    Abstract: ... AZG) in Côte d’Ivoire, the Tacugama Sanctuary (TS) in Sierra Leone, and the Quistococha ...

    Abstract Little information is currently available on the occurrence and genetic diversity of pathogenic and commensal protist species in captive and semi-captive non-human primates (NHP) resident in zoological gardens or sanctuaries in low- and medium-income countries. In this molecular-based study, we prospectively collected individual faecal samples from apparently healthy NHP at the Abidjan Zoological Garden (AZG) in Côte d’Ivoire, the Tacugama Sanctuary (TS) in Sierra Leone, and the Quistococha Zoological Garden (QZG) in Peru between November 2018 and February 2020. We evaluated for the presence of pathogenic (Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Blastocystis sp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Balantioides coli) and commensal (Entamoeba dispar, Troglodytella abrassarti) protist species using PCR methods and Sanger sequencing. Giardia duodenalis was the most prevalent species found (25.9%, 30/116), followed by Blastocystis sp. (22.4%, 26/116), and E. dispar (18.1%, 21/116). We detected E. bieneusi (4.2%, 1/24) and T. abrassarti (12.5%, 3/24) only on NHP from AZG. Cryptosporidium spp., E. histolytica, and B. coli were undetected at the three sampling sites investigated here. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of zoonotic sub-assemblages BIII (n = 1) in AZG and BIV (n = 1) in TS within G. duodenalis. We identified Blastocystis subtype ST3 (100%, 6/6) in AZG, ST1 (80.0%, 12/15), ST2 (6.7%, 1/15), and ST3 (13.3%, 2/15) in TS, and ST2 (80.0%, 4/5) and ST3 (20.0%, 1/5) in QZG. The only E. bieneusi isolate detected here was identified as zoonotic genotype CAF4. Our PCR-based data indicate that potentially pathogenic protist species including G. duodenalis, Blastocystis sp., E. bieneusi, and B. coli are present at variable rates in the three NHP populations investigated here. The identification of zoonotic genotypes within these species indicates that human-NHP transmission is possible, although the extent and directionality of these events need to be elucidated in future molecular surveys.
    Keywords Balantioides coli ; Blastocystis ; Cryptosporidium ; Entamoeba dispar ; Entamoeba histolytica ; Enterocytozoon bieneusi ; Giardia lamblia ; genetic variation ; genotype ; parasitology ; polymerase chain reaction ; protists ; zoos ; Cote d'Ivoire ; Peru ; Sierra Leone
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-04
    Size p. 26-34.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2715239-X
    ISSN 2213-2244
    ISSN 2213-2244
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.12.004
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Editorial for the Special Issue: Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of

    Köster, Pamela C / González-Barrio, David / Carmena, David

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 2

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Cryptosporidium
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-24
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens11020141
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Psychological Contract Breach and Outcomes: A Systematic Review of Reviews.

    Topa, Gabriela / Aranda-Carmena, Mercedes / De-Maria, Berta

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 23

    Abstract: ... focuses on: (a) Sample; (b) Phenomenon of Interest; (c) Design; (d) Evaluation; and (e) Research type ...

    Abstract A psychological contract is a set of individual beliefs that a person has about the reciprocal obligations and benefits established in an exchange relationship, such as an employment relationship in an organizational setting. A psychological contract breach is a subjective experience referred to the perception of one of the parties that the other has failed to adequately fulfill its obligations and promises. Breaches have been systematically connected to employees' attitudes and behaviors that hamper the employment relationship. Despite its apparent clarity, some relevant topics about psychological contract breach, psychological contract fulfillment and the relationships with their consequences still remain unclear. The main objective of this review of reviews is to conduct a review of reviews on psychological contract breaches, considering both systematic reviews and metanalytical papers with the purpose of synthesizing the evidence to date under the psychological contract theory. Using the SPIDER tool, our systematic review of reviews focuses on: (a) Sample; (b) Phenomenon of Interest; (c) Design; (d) Evaluation; and (e) Research type. Finally, only eight systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. Of the eight reviews included, seven were meta-analyses while the other was a systematic quantitative review. This study describes the available empirical research on psychological contract breaches and fulfillment and summarizes the meta-analytical evidence on their relationships with attitudinal and behavioral outcomes, as well as the role of potential moderator variables. Due to the methodological caveats of the reviews themselves and of the primary studies they were based on, our conclusions about the impact of psychological contract breaches on outcomes still remain tentative.
    MeSH term(s) Contracts ; Employment/psychology ; Attitude ; Psychological Theory
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph192315527
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Distinct neural representations during a brain-machine interface and manual reaching task in motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and striatum.

    Zippi, Ellen L / Shvartsman, Gabrielle F / Vendrell-Llopis, Nuria / Wallis, Joni D / Carmena, Jose M

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 17810

    Abstract: Although brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are directly controlled by the modulation of a select local population of neurons, distributed networks consisting of cortical and subcortical areas have been implicated in learning and maintaining control. ... ...

    Abstract Although brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are directly controlled by the modulation of a select local population of neurons, distributed networks consisting of cortical and subcortical areas have been implicated in learning and maintaining control. Previous work in rodents has demonstrated the involvement of the striatum in BMI learning. However, the prefrontal cortex has been largely ignored when studying motor BMI control despite its role in action planning, action selection, and learning abstract tasks. Here, we compare local field potentials simultaneously recorded from primary motor cortex (M1), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the caudate nucleus of the striatum (Cd) while nonhuman primates perform a two-dimensional, self-initiated, center-out task under BMI control and manual control. Our results demonstrate the presence of distinct neural representations for BMI and manual control in M1, DLPFC, and Cd. We find that neural activity from DLPFC and M1 best distinguishes control types at the go cue and target acquisition, respectively, while M1 best predicts target-direction at both task events. We also find effective connectivity from DLPFC → M1 throughout both control types and Cd → M1 during BMI control. These results suggest distributed network activity between M1, DLPFC, and Cd during BMI control that is similar yet distinct from manual control.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Cadmium ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiology ; Learning
    Chemical Substances Cadmium (00BH33GNGH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-19
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-44405-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Distinct neural representations during a brain-machine interface and manual reaching task in motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and striatum.

    Zippi, Ellen L / Shvartsman, Gabrielle F / Vendrell-Llopis, Nuria / Wallis, Joni D / Carmena, Jose M

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Although brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are directly controlled by the modulation of a select local population of neurons, distributed networks consisting of cortical and subcortical areas have been implicated in learning and maintaining control. ... ...

    Abstract Although brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) are directly controlled by the modulation of a select local population of neurons, distributed networks consisting of cortical and subcortical areas have been implicated in learning and maintaining control. Previous work in rodent BMI has demonstrated the involvement of the striatum in BMI learning. However, the prefrontal cortex has been largely ignored when studying motor BMI control despite its role in action planning, action selection, and learning abstract tasks. Here, we compare local field potentials simultaneously recorded from the primary motor cortex (M1), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the caudate nucleus of the striatum (Cd) while nonhuman primates perform a two-dimensional, self-initiated, center-out task under BMI control and manual control. Our results demonstrate the presence of distinct neural representations for BMI and manual control in M1, DLPFC, and Cd. We find that neural activity from DLPFC and M1 best distinguish between control types at the go cue and target acquisition, respectively. We also found effective connectivity from DLPFC→M1 throughout trials across both control types and Cd→M1 during BMI control. These results suggest distributed network activity between M1, DLPFC, and Cd during BMI control that is similar yet distinct from manual control.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.05.31.542532
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Diabetogenic Action of Statins: Mechanisms.

    Carmena, Rafael / Betteridge, D John

    Current atherosclerosis reports

    2019  Volume 21, Issue 6, Page(s) 23

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Observational studies and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials data have revealed a 10-12% increased risk of new-onset diabetes (NOD) associated with statin therapy; the risk is increased with intensive treatment regimens and ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Observational studies and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials data have revealed a 10-12% increased risk of new-onset diabetes (NOD) associated with statin therapy; the risk is increased with intensive treatment regimens and in people with features of the metabolic syndrome or prediabetes. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated summary of what is known about the potential mechanisms for the diabetogenic effect of statins.
    Recent findings: Hydroxyl methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoAR) is the target of statin therapy and the activity of this key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis is reduced by statins in a partial and reversible way. Mendelian randomization studies suggest that the effect of statins on glucose homeostasis reflect reduced activity of HMGCoAR. In vitro and in vivo data indicate that statins reduce synthesis of mevalonate pathway products and increase cholesterol loading, leading to impaired β-cell function and decreased insulin sensitivity and insulin release. While this effect has been thought to be a drug class effect, recent insights suggest that pravastatin and pitavastatin could exhibit neutral effects on glycaemic parameters in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms by which statins might lead to the development of NOD are unclear. The inhibition of HMGCoAR activity by statins appears to be a key mechanism. It is difficult to offer a comprehensive view regarding the diabetogenic effect of statins because our understanding of the most widely recognized potential mechanisms, i.e. underlying statin-induced reduction of insulin sensitivity and/or insulin secretion, is still far from complete. The existence of this dual mechanism is supported by the results of a study in a large group of non-diabetic men, showing that a 46% higher risk of NOD in statin users compared to non-users was accompanied by a significant 12% reduction in insulin secretion and a 24.3% increase in insulin resistance. Although statin therapy is associated with a modest increase in the risk of NOD (about one per thousand patient-years), patients should be reassured that the benefits of statins in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events far outweigh the potential risk from elevation in plasma glucose.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Animals ; Blood Glucose/drug effects ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/metabolism ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Incidence ; Insulin/metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/chemically induced ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Pravastatin/therapeutic use ; Quinolines/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors
    Chemical Substances Blood Glucose ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Insulin ; Quinolines ; Cholesterol (97C5T2UQ7J) ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases (EC 1.1.1.-) ; Pravastatin (KXO2KT9N0G) ; pitavastatin (M5681Q5F9P)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2057369-8
    ISSN 1534-6242 ; 1523-3804
    ISSN (online) 1534-6242
    ISSN 1523-3804
    DOI 10.1007/s11883-019-0780-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Evaluation of the Use of Singleplex and Duplex CerTest VIASURE Real-Time PCR Assays to Detect Common Intestinal Protist Parasites.

    Dashti, Alejandro / Alonso, Henar / Escolar-Miñana, Cristina / Köster, Pamela C / Bailo, Begoña / Carmena, David / González-Barrio, David

    Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 3

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Cryptosporidium
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662336-5
    ISSN 2075-4418
    ISSN 2075-4418
    DOI 10.3390/diagnostics14030319
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Giardia duodenalis: Detection by Quantitative Real-Time PCR and Molecular Diversity.

    Dashti, Alejandro / Köster, Pamela C / Carmena, David

    Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)

    2021  Volume 2369, Page(s) 83–97

    Abstract: Conventional microscopy is being progressively replaced by molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods for the first-line detection, identification, and genotyping of diarrhea-causing enteric parasites in modern clinical and research laboratories. ... ...

    Abstract Conventional microscopy is being progressively replaced by molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) methods for the first-line detection, identification, and genotyping of diarrhea-causing enteric parasites in modern clinical and research laboratories. These technologies allow increased sample testing, improved throughput, and optimized laboratory workflow in a cost-effective manner. Here, we describe the methodological algorithm used in a national reference center for the diagnosis and molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis, a major contributor to the enormous burden of diarrheal disease globally. Initial detection of the parasite is conducted by a sensitive real-time PCR to amplify the small subunit of the ribosomal RNA of G. duodenalis, whereas a multilocus sequence genotyping scheme based on three constitutive genetic markers (glutamate dehydrogenase, β-giardin, and triose phosphate isomerase) is used for genotyping and sub-genotyping purposes. The advantages and disadvantages of these PCR-based methods are commented.
    MeSH term(s) Diarrhea ; Feces ; Genotype ; Giardia lamblia/genetics ; Giardiasis/diagnosis ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase/genetics ; Humans ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; RNA, Ribosomal ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1940-6029
    ISSN (online) 1940-6029
    DOI 10.1007/978-1-0716-1681-9_6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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