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  1. Article: Leveraging CD4 Cell Count at Entry Into Care to Monitor Success of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention, Treatment, and Public Health Programming in the Greater St Louis Area Between 2017 and 2020.

    Filiatreau, Lindsey M / Mody, Aaloke / Vo, Daniel / Bradley, Cory / Ramakrishnan, Aditi / López, Julia / O'Halloran, Jane / Trolard, Anne / Powderly, William G / Geng, Elvin H

    Open forum infectious diseases

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 10, Page(s) ofad477

    Abstract: ... initiation was stable in St Louis between 2017 and 2019 but declined in 2020. Missouri efforts in the Ending ...

    Abstract CD4 cell count at entry into human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care is a useful indicator of success of multiple steps in HIV public health programming. We demonstrate that CD4 cell count at care initiation was stable in St Louis between 2017 and 2019 but declined in 2020. Missouri efforts in the Ending the HIV Epidemic plan should focus on rapidly identifying individuals with undiagnosed HIV infection.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2757767-3
    ISSN 2328-8957
    ISSN 2328-8957
    DOI 10.1093/ofid/ofad477
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Lumbar spinal intraosseous schwannoma: a non-operative approach.

    O'Halloran, Louis / O'Halloran, Amanda / Murphy, Suzanne / Morris, Seamus

    BMJ case reports

    2022  Volume 15, Issue 12

    Abstract: Intraosseous schwannomas are benign tumours composed of nerve sheath cells, most commonly affecting the mandible and sacrum. Such intraosseous schwannomas in the vertebra can result in spinal instability causing deformity, pain and even neurological ... ...

    Abstract Intraosseous schwannomas are benign tumours composed of nerve sheath cells, most commonly affecting the mandible and sacrum. Such intraosseous schwannomas in the vertebra can result in spinal instability causing deformity, pain and even neurological compression. Vertebral involvement in the lumbar spine is extremely rare. A case of a schwannoma of the lumbar spine at the level of L3/L4 is presented. It resulted in progressive lower back pain and right lower limb radiculopathy. The clinical findings, radiological reports and histological diagnosis of this case, along with a review of the literature, are presented. The rationale for non-surgical management of this rare benign tumour is also explored.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Spinal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Spinal Neoplasms/surgery ; Neurilemmoma/diagnostic imaging ; Neurilemmoma/surgery ; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery ; Sacrum/diagnostic imaging ; Sacrum/pathology ; Low Back Pain/etiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1757-790X
    ISSN (online) 1757-790X
    DOI 10.1136/bcr-2022-249287
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: X-linked cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy.

    Weldrick, Cara Louise / Boers, Peter / Kiely, Patrick / O'Halloran, Liam

    BMJ case reports

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 10

    Abstract: A man in his 30s presented with a 6-month history of progressive left face, arm and leg weakness. Medical history included epilepsy and vitamin ... ...

    Abstract A man in his 30s presented with a 6-month history of progressive left face, arm and leg weakness. Medical history included epilepsy and vitamin B
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Adrenoleukodystrophy/diagnosis ; Adrenoleukodystrophy/genetics ; Brain Stem/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mutation ; Neuroimaging ; Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1757-790X
    ISSN (online) 1757-790X
    DOI 10.1136/bcr-2020-237905
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Were Frailty Identification Criteria Created Equal? A Comparative Case Study on Continuous Non-Invasively Collected Neurocardiovascular Signals during an Active Standing Test in the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

    Xue, Feng / Knight, Silvin / Connolly, Emma / O'Halloran, Aisling / Shirsath, Morgana Afonso / Newman, Louise / Duggan, Eoin / Kenny, Rose Anne / Romero-Ortuno, Roman

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 2

    Abstract: Background: In this observational study, we compared continuous physiological signals during an active standing test in adults aged 50 years and over, characterised as frail by three different criteria, using data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on ... ...

    Abstract Background: In this observational study, we compared continuous physiological signals during an active standing test in adults aged 50 years and over, characterised as frail by three different criteria, using data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).
    Methods: This study utilised data from TILDA, an ongoing landmark prospective cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged 50 years or older in Ireland. The initial sampling strategy in TILDA was based on random geodirectory sampling. Four independent groups were identified: those characterised as frail only by one of the frailty tools used (the physical Frailty Phenotype (FP), the 32-item Frailty Index (FI), or the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) classification tree), and a fourth group where participants were not characterised as frail by any of these tools. Continuous non-invasive physiological signals were collected during an active standing test, including systolic (sBP) and diastolic (dBP) blood pressure, as well as heart rate (HR), using digital artery photoplethysmography. Additionally, the frontal lobe cerebral oxygenation (Oxy), deoxygenation (Deoxy), and tissue saturation index (TSI) were also non-invasively measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The signals were visualised across frailty groups and statistically compared using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM).
    Results: A total of 1124 participants (mean age of 63.5 years; 50.2% women) were included: 23 were characterised as frail only by the FP, 97 by the FI, 38 by the CFS, and 966 by none of these criteria. The SPM analyses revealed that only the group characterised as frail by the FI had significantly different signals (
    Conclusions: The FI proved to be more adept at capturing distinct physiological responses to standing, likely due to its direct inclusion of cardiovascular morbidities in its definition. Significant differences were observed in the dynamics of cardiovascular signals among the frail populations identified by different frailty criteria, suggesting that caution should be taken when employing frailty identification tools on physiological signals, particularly the neurocardiovascular signals in an active standing test.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Male ; Longitudinal Studies ; Frailty/diagnosis ; Prospective Studies ; Aging ; Research Design
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Observational Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s24020442
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  5. Article ; Online: A secondary analysis to develop a scale for measuring unemployed workers' experiences of Australian employment services.

    O'Halloran, David / Thomacos, Nikos / Casey, Simone / Farnworth, Louise

    Work (Reading, Mass.)

    2020  Volume 70, Issue 3, Page(s) 805–813

    Abstract: Background: Research consistently shows that Australian employment services are failing those they are intended to serve. Based on findings in other human service areas, a valid and reliable instrument to measure unemployed workers' experiences may ... ...

    Abstract Background: Research consistently shows that Australian employment services are failing those they are intended to serve. Based on findings in other human service areas, a valid and reliable instrument to measure unemployed workers' experiences may provide an opportunity for improvement in this sector.
    Objective: To establish a basis for developing a suitable rating scale.
    Methods: An exploratory factor analysis combined with qualitative cross check for face validity of an existing large survey of Australian unemployed workers.
    Results: Six factors appear to be important elements of service delivery: (F1) useful and competent, (F2) client-centred, (F3) receptive to feedback, (F4) trustworthy, (F5) fair, and (F6) friendly.
    Conclusions: While each of these factors have been either described explicitly or referred to implicitly in previous studies, this study is the first to attempt to combine these factors and is a precursor to establishing a valid and reliable rating scale for use by unemployed workers in evaluating their employment service providers. At a time when Australia is exploring new approaches to employment services, such a scale using a robust set of factors may allow for the improvement of employment services and thus be held accountable to a significant stakeholder group whom they aim to serve -unemployed workers.
    MeSH term(s) Australia ; Humans ; Unemployment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-17
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1394194-x
    ISSN 1875-9270 ; 1051-9815
    ISSN (online) 1875-9270
    ISSN 1051-9815
    DOI 10.3233/WOR-205120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Enhancing national audit through addressing the quality improvement capabilities of feedback recipients: a multi-phase intervention development study.

    Sykes, Michael / O'Halloran, Elaine / Mahon, Lucy / McSharry, Jenny / Allan, Louise / Thomson, Richard / Finch, Tracy / Kolehmainen, Niina

    Pilot and feasibility studies

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 143

    Abstract: Background: National audits are a common, but variably effective, intervention to improve services. This study aimed to design an intervention to increase the effectiveness of national audit.: Methods: We used interviews, documentary analysis, ... ...

    Abstract Background: National audits are a common, but variably effective, intervention to improve services. This study aimed to design an intervention to increase the effectiveness of national audit.
    Methods: We used interviews, documentary analysis, observations, co-design and stakeholder engagement methods. The intervention was described in an intervention manual and illustrated using a logic model. Phase 1 described the current hospital response to a national audit. Phase 2 identified potential enhancements. Phase 3 developed a strategy to implement the enhancements. Phase 4 explored the feasibility of the intervention alongside the National Audit of Dementia and refined the intervention. Phase 5 adapted the intervention to a second national audit (National Diabetes Audit). Phase 6 explored the feasibility and fidelity of the intervention alongside the National Diabetes Audit and used the findings to further refine the intervention.
    Results: The developed intervention is a quality improvement collaborative (QIC), containing virtual educational workshop, virtual outreach for local team leads and virtual facilitation of a learning collaborative delivered after feedback has been received. The QIC aims to support national audit recipients to undertake improvement actions tailored to their local context. The target audience is clinical and clinical governance leaders. We found that actions from national audit were constrained by what the clinical lead perceived they deliver personally, these actions were not aligned to identified influences upon performance. We found that the hospital response could be enhanced by targeting low baseline performance, identifying and addressing influences upon to performance, developing trust and credibility, addressing recipient priorities, presenting meaningful comparisons, developing a conceptual model, involving stakeholders and considering the opportunity cost. Phase 3 found that an educational workshop and outreach strategy could support implementation of the enhancements through developing coherence and cognitive participation. We found feasibility could be increased by revising the content, re-naming the intervention, amending activities to address time commitment, incorporating a more structured analysis of influences, supporting collaboration and developing local feedback mechanisms. Phase 5 found adaptation to a second national audit involved reflecting differences in the clinical topic, context and contractual requirements. We found that the behaviour change techniques identified in the manual were delivered by facilitators. Participants reported positive attitudes towards the intervention and that the intervention was appropriate.
    Conclusions: The QIC supports local teams to tailor their actions to local context and develop change commitment. Future work will evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention as an adjunct to the National Diabetes Audit.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2809935-7
    ISSN 2055-5784
    ISSN 2055-5784
    DOI 10.1186/s40814-022-01099-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on referral characteristics in a national tertiary spinal injuries unit.

    O'Halloran, Louis / Ahern, Daniel P / McDonnell, Jake M / Cunniffe, Gráinne M / Dodds, Michael K / Lyons, Frank / Cassidy, Noelle / Timlin, Marcus / Morris, Seamus / Synnott, Keith / Butler, Joseph S

    Irish journal of medical science

    2021  Volume 191, Issue 3, Page(s) 991–996

    Abstract: Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had profound implications on healthcare institutions.: Aims: This study aims to assess and compare referral patterns during COVID-19 to corresponding dates for the preceding 3 years (2017-2019), in order to ... ...

    Abstract Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had profound implications on healthcare institutions.
    Aims: This study aims to assess and compare referral patterns during COVID-19 to corresponding dates for the preceding 3 years (2017-2019), in order to preemptively coordinate the logistics of the surgical unit for similar future experiences.
    Methods: Retrospective review for our institution, a national tertiary referral centre for spine pathology. Two distinct time-points were chosen to represent the varied levels of social restriction during the current pandemic: (i) study period 1 (SP1) from 11 November 2020 to 08 June 2020 represents a national lockdown, and (ii) study period 2 (SP2) from 09 June 2020 to 09 September 2020 indicates an easing of restrictions. Both periods were compared to corresponding dates (CP1: 11 March-08 June and CP2 09 June-09 September) for the preceding 3 years (2017-2019). Data collected included age, gender, and mechanism of injury (MOI) for descriptive analyses. MOIs were categorised into disc disease, cyclist, road-traffic-accident (RTA), falls < 2 m, falls > 2 m, malignancy, sporting injuries, and miscellaneous.
    Results: All MOI categories witnessed a reduction in referral numbers during SP1: disc disease (-29%), cyclist (-5%), RTAs (-66%), falls < 2 m (-39%), falls > 2 m (-17%), malignancy (-33%), sporting injuries (-100%), and miscellaneous (-58%). Four of 8 categories (RTAs, falls < 2 m, malignancy, miscellaneous) showed a trend towards return of pre-lockdown values during SP2. Two categories (disc disease, falls > 2 m) showed a further reduction (-34%, -27%) during SP2. One category (sporting injuries) portrayed a complete return to normal values during SP2 while a notable increase in cyclist-related referrals was witnessed (+ 63%) when compared with corresponding dates of previous years.
    Conclusion: Spinal injury continues to occur across almost all categories, albeit at considerably reduced numbers. RTAs and falls remained the most common MOI. Awareness needs to be drawn to the reduction of malignancy-related referrals to dissuade people with such symptoms from avoiding presentation to hospital over periods of social restrictions.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Referral and Consultation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spinal Injuries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-11
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390895-1
    ISSN 1863-4362 ; 0021-1265
    ISSN (online) 1863-4362
    ISSN 0021-1265
    DOI 10.1007/s11845-021-02678-0
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  8. Article ; Online: Periocular Mohs micrographic surgery in Western Australia 2009-2012: A single centre retrospective review and proposal for practice benchmarks.

    O'Halloran, Louise / Smith, Harvey / Vinciullo, Carl

    The Australasian journal of dermatology

    2017  Volume 58, Issue 2, Page(s) 106–110

    Abstract: Background/objectives: Periocular skin tumours pose management challenges with literature supporting a multidisciplinary approach. This retrospective review identifies trends in multidisciplinary management, ascertaining potential benchmarks for ... ...

    Abstract Background/objectives: Periocular skin tumours pose management challenges with literature supporting a multidisciplinary approach. This retrospective review identifies trends in multidisciplinary management, ascertaining potential benchmarks for practice review.
    Methods: A retrospective review of 720 patients with periocular tumours, treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) at a single free standing Day Surgery Facility between 2009 and 2012.
    Results: In all, 690 patients were included, with mean age 65 and slight male preponderance. Basal cell carcinoma was the most commonly excised tumour (85.4%) and lower eyelid most common tumour site (58%). Of the cases repaired by Mohs surgeons, 2% involved more than one cosmetic subunit, compared with 23% by oculoplastic surgeons. Of the cases repaired by MMS, 1% had eyelid margin involvement, compared with 64% of the cases by oculoplastic surgeons. Mean preoperative lesion size for cases repaired by Mohs and oculoplastic surgeons was 0.5 cm
    Conclusions: This study identifies potential benchmarks for Mohs surgeons when reviewing or establishing a periocular Mohs surgery practice and for doctors referring periocular tumours for surgical removal. These include the proportion of periocular cases managed jointly and the location, size of defect and number of stages involved in tumors repaired by Mohs surgeon alone compared to those repaired by oculoplastic surgeons.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 138052-7
    ISSN 1440-0960 ; 0004-8380
    ISSN (online) 1440-0960
    ISSN 0004-8380
    DOI 10.1111/ajd.12432
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: The prognostic value of urinary cytology after trimodal therapy (TMT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

    McLoughlin, Louise C / O'Halloran, Sophie / Tjong, Michael / Ajib, Khaled / Lajkosz, Katherine / Ruff, Heather / Lou, Sikei / Chung, Peter / Raman, Srinivas / Kulkarni, Girish S / Zlotta, Alexandre R / Fleshner, Neil E / Berlin, Alejandro

    Urologic oncology

    2022  Volume 40, Issue 7, Page(s) 346.e9–346.e16

    Abstract: Background: Urine cytology and cystoscopy are routinely employed during follow-up of patients after trimodal therapy (TMT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The significance of positive or equivocal cytology without visible disease recurrence ... ...

    Abstract Background: Urine cytology and cystoscopy are routinely employed during follow-up of patients after trimodal therapy (TMT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). The significance of positive or equivocal cytology without visible disease recurrence on cystoscopy during follow-up is unknown, and studies informing outcomes in this scenario are lacking. This study aims to investigate the temporal trends of positive/equivocal cytology in the absence of visible disease recurrence and the association with bladder cancer recurrence and survival outcomes.
    Methods: One hundred and twenty-nine patients with available post-TMT cytology data and negative cystoscopy from a single academic institution between 2002 and 2017 with a median follow-up of 3.4 (range 0.1-14.2) years were analyzed. Cytology results, first post-TMT cytology positive/equivocal (CP) and negative (CN), were evaluated for association with disease recurrence and survival. Kaplan. Meier and competing risks methods were used to assess time-to-negative cytology in CP patients with ≥2 interval post-TMT cytology results (n = 33), time-to-recurrence, and disease-specific mortality (DSM) stratified by first post-TMT cytology result.
    Results: At first follow-up (6-8 weeks post-TMT completion), CP was observed in 41 (32%) and CN in 88 (68%) of patients. With further follow-up of CP patients with ≥2 interval post-TMT cytology results, the probability of developing negative cytology was 57% (95% CI 42, 77) at 6 months post-TMT, and the median time-to-negative cytology was 3.2 months (95% CI 2.99, 5.80). The median time-to-recurrence was reduced in CP patients compared to CN (24.3 vs. 78.1 months, p = 0.1), corresponding with an apparent increase in the cumulative incidence of recurrence rate at 3 years in the CP vs. CN group (62% vs. 42%, p = 0.1). No significant difference was observed in the 3-year DSM rates. On univariable analysis, the hazards of recurrence and DSM for patients with CP were 1.5 (95% CI 0.9, 2.5, p = 0.1) and 2.1 (95% CI 0.9, 4.7, p = 0.07) respectively.
    Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate the significance of a positive/equivocal cytology without visible disease following TMT for MIBC. Positive cytology is common and does not preclude subsequent negative cytology supporting a watchful waiting approach rather than proceeding immediately to biopsy. However, cytology that remains positive at subsequent follow-up may be associated with adverse recurrence and survival outcomes.
    MeSH term(s) Cystoscopy/methods ; Humans ; Muscles/pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; Prognosis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1336505-8
    ISSN 1873-2496 ; 1078-1439
    ISSN (online) 1873-2496
    ISSN 1078-1439
    DOI 10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.02.021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Aberrant reward prediction errors in young adult at-risk alcohol users.

    Cao, Zhipeng / Bennett, Marc / O'Halloran, Laura / Pragulbickaite, Gabija / Flanagan, Luke / McHugh, Louise / Whelan, Robert

    Addiction biology

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) e12873

    Abstract: Previous studies suggest that individuals with substance use disorder have abnormally large responses to unexpected outcomes (reward prediction errors [RPEs]). However, there is much less information on RPE in individuals at risk of alcohol misuse, prior ...

    Abstract Previous studies suggest that individuals with substance use disorder have abnormally large responses to unexpected outcomes (reward prediction errors [RPEs]). However, there is much less information on RPE in individuals at risk of alcohol misuse, prior to neurobiological adaptations that might result from sustained alcohol use. Here, participants (mean age 23.77 years, range 18-32 years) performed the electrophysiological monetary incentive delay task. This task involved responding to a target stimulus following reward incentive cues to win, or avoid losing, the cued reward while brain activity was recorded under 64-channel EEG. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to quantify at-risk alcohol use, with high (n = 22, mean AUDIT score: 13.82) and low (n = 22, mean AUDIT score: 5.77) alcohol use groups. Trial-by-trial RPEs were estimated using a Rescorla-Wagner reinforcement model based on behavioral data. A single-trial analysis revealed that the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and feedback P3 (fb-P3) event-related potential components were significantly modulated by RPEs. There was increased RPE-related fb-P3 amplitude for those in the high alcohol use group. Next, the mean amplitude of ERPs elicited by positive and negative RPEs were compared between groups. We found that high alcohol use participants had attenuated FRN amplitude in contrast with low alcohol use participants for both positive and negative RPEs but enhanced fb-P3 for both positive and negative RPE. These results, with differences in RPE in an at-risk group, suggest that RPE a potential vulnerability marker for alcohol use disorder.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcoholism/diagnosis ; Anticipation, Psychological/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Cues ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Feedback, Psychological/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation ; Reward ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1324314-7
    ISSN 1369-1600 ; 1355-6215
    ISSN (online) 1369-1600
    ISSN 1355-6215
    DOI 10.1111/adb.12873
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