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Article ; Online: Recurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review of definitions, prevalence and predictors.

Brooks, Samantha K / Greenberg, Neil

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 37

Abstract: Background: Many people will experience a potentially traumatic event in their lifetime and a minority will go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A wealth of literature explores different trajectories of PTSD, focusing mostly on ... ...

Abstract	Background: Many people will experience a potentially traumatic event in their lifetime and a minority will go on to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A wealth of literature explores different trajectories of PTSD, focusing mostly on resilient, chronic, recovered and delayed-onset trajectories. Less is known about other potential trajectories such as recurring episodes of PTSD after initial recovery, and to date there has been no estimate of what percentage of those who initially recover from PTSD later go on to experience a recurrence. This systematic review aimed to synthesise existing literature to identify (i) how 'recurrence' of PTSD is defined in the literature; (ii) the prevalence of recurrent episodes of PTSD; and (iii) factors associated with recurrence. Methods: A literature search of five electronic databases identified primary, quantitative studies relevant to the research aims. Reference lists of studies meeting pre-defined inclusion criteria were also hand-searched. Relevant data were extracted systematically from the included studies and results are reported narratively. Results: Searches identified 5,398 studies, and 35 were deemed relevant to the aims of the review. Results showed there is little consensus in the terminology or definitions used to refer to recurrence of PTSD. Because recurrence was defined and measured in different ways across the literature, and prevalence rates were reported in numerous different ways, it was not possible to perform meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of recurrence. We also found no consistent evidence regarding predictors of PTSD recurrence. Conclusion: A clear and consistent evidence-based definition of recurrence is urgently needed before the prevalence and predictors of recurrence can be truly understood.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Prevalence ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology ; Consensus ; Databases, Factual ; Hand
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2050438-X
ISSN	1471-244X ; 1471-244X
ISSN (online)	1471-244X
ISSN	1471-244X
DOI	10.1186/s12888-023-05460-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The Well-Being of Companion Animal Caregivers and Their Companion Animals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review.

Brooks, Samantha K / Greenberg, Neil

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

2023 Volume 13, Issue 20

Abstract: It is important to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on animal caregivers and their companion animals in order to inform responses to future crises. Prior research is inconsistent, with the benefits of animal companionship believed to be ... ...

Abstract	It is important to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on animal caregivers and their companion animals in order to inform responses to future crises. Prior research is inconsistent, with the benefits of animal companionship believed to be overstated. In this scoping review, we searched four electronic databases and hand-searched reference lists of included studies. Over 4000 citations were found, and 122 were included in the review. Reflecting on the pre-COVID literature, quantitative evidence of the association between psychological well-being and animal companionship during the pandemic was mixed, with numerous positive, negative, and null findings reported. Studies highlighted the benefits of animal companionship during the pandemic, with animals reported to provide their caregivers with a routine, a sense of greater purpose, a positive distraction from COVID-19, companionship, and emotional support. However, participants also reported concerns about meeting animals' needs, fears of animals catching or spreading the virus, and financial worries. Concerns about what would happen to animals if caregivers were hospitalized led some to delay COVID-19 testing or treatment. Animals also experienced benefits (such as increased companionship and calmer mood) and negative impacts (such as increased clinginess and separation anxiety). Companion animals should be a key consideration in emergency preparedness plans.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606558-7
ISSN	2076-2615
ISSN	2076-2615
DOI	10.3390/ani13203294
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Article ; Online: “Exceptionally challenging time for all of us”

Samantha K. Brooks / Dipti Patel / Neil Greenberg

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss

Qualitative study of the COVID-19 experiences of partners of diplomatic personnel

2023 Volume 11

Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Mental health and psychological wellbeing of maritime personnel: a systematic review.

Brooks, Samantha K / Greenberg, Neil

BMC psychology

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 139

Abstract: Background: Seafaring has frequently been reported to be a 'risky occupation' in terms of both physical and mental health. Individuals working in seafaring professions are exposed to various stressors in the workplace, including social isolation, ... ...

Abstract	Background: Seafaring has frequently been reported to be a 'risky occupation' in terms of both physical and mental health. Individuals working in seafaring professions are exposed to various stressors in the workplace, including social isolation, exposure to poor physical conditions and long work hours. This systematic review aimed to update previous reviews by collating recent literature (published between 2012 and 2021) on the factors associated with mental health and wellbeing in seafaring personnel. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched in April 2021 for primary peer-reviewed studies on factors associated with the mental health and psychological wellbeing of seafarers or interventions to improve the wellbeing of seafarers, published in English in or after the year 2012. Thematic analysis was used to synthesise the data and standardised measures of quality appraisal were used to assess risk of bias. Results: Sixty-three studies were reviewed. Risk factors for poor mental health among seafarers appear to be younger age; being single; poor physical health; exposure to noise/vibration; feeling unsafe; high job demands; long working hours; night/irregular shifts; poor sleep; poor team cohesion; poor perception of management; poor social support; lack of autonomy; scheduling uncertainties; long duration at sea; and over-commitment. Conclusions: There are numerous steps that maritime managers could take to improve the wellbeing of their personnel, including increased monitoring of the potential for poor mental health in their staff, increasing crew numbers and provision of education and support.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mental Health ; Occupations ; Social Support ; Workplace/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-30
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	2705921-2
ISSN	2050-7283 ; 2050-7283
ISSN (online)	2050-7283
ISSN	2050-7283
DOI	10.1186/s40359-022-00850-4
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Mental health and wellbeing of seafaring personnel during COVID-19: Scoping review.

Brooks, Samantha K / Greenberg, Neil

Journal of occupational health

2022 Volume 64, Issue 1, Page(s) e12361

Abstract: Objectives: We aimed to synthesize published literature on seafarers' mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic.: Methods: This scoping review searched four electronic databases for literature on the mental health and wellbeing of ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: We aimed to synthesize published literature on seafarers' mental health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This scoping review searched four electronic databases for literature on the mental health and wellbeing of seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the review. Few reported on the prevalence of mental health conditions. Only one compared mental health data gathered during the pandemic to pre-pandemic matched samples, suggesting symptoms of depression and anxiety were greater during the pandemic. There was some evidence that mental health worsened with longer stays on board during the pandemic and being on board longer than expected. Crew exchange difficulties forced many participants to extend their contracts or delay repatriation, often with little information as to when they might get to go home, leading them to feel they had no control over their lives and causing concern about fatigue and the potential for accidents and injuries. Participants described other challenges such as denial of shore leave; concerns about finances and future employment; loneliness and isolation; fears of COVID-19 infection; limited access to essential supplies; and feeling unsupported by management. Conclusions: Maritime organizations must understand how best to support their staff in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and in any other prolonged crises that may arise in the future. Recommendations include ensuring that staff feel valued by their organization; enhancing work-related autonomy; ensuring that communication is accurate, consistent, and timely; and using lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic to inform emergency preparedness policies.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Occupations ; Pandemics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-20
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1340985-2
ISSN	1348-9585 ; 1341-9145
ISSN (online)	1348-9585
ISSN	1341-9145
DOI	10.1002/1348-9585.12361
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Article ; Online: Psychological Consequences of the Flint Water Crisis: A Scoping Review - Erratum.

Brooks, Samantha K / Patel, Sonny S

Disaster medicine and public health preparedness

2021 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 1282

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Water Supply ; Drinking Water ; Michigan
Chemical Substances	Drinking Water
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2375268-3
ISSN	1938-744X ; 1935-7893
ISSN (online)	1938-744X
ISSN	1935-7893
DOI	10.1017/dmp.2021.234
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Article ; Online: Struggling, Forgotten, and Under Pressure: A Scoping Review of Experiences of Sex Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Brooks, Samantha K / Patel, Sonny S / Greenberg, Neil

Archives of sexual behavior

2023 Volume 52, Issue 5, Page(s) 1969–2010

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected physical, mental, and economic well-being across the globe and has disproportionately affected certain vulnerable groups. This paper provides a scoping review of literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected physical, mental, and economic well-being across the globe and has disproportionately affected certain vulnerable groups. This paper provides a scoping review of literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sex workers, published between December 2019 and December 2022. Six databases were systematically searched, identifying 1009 citations; 63 studies were included in the review. Thematic analysis revealed eight main themes: financial issues; exposure to harm; alternate ways of working; COVID-19 knowledge, protective behaviors, fear, and risk; well-being, mental health, and coping; access to support; access to health care; and the impact of COVID-19 on research with sex workers. COVID-associated restrictions led to reduced work and income, leaving many sex workers struggling to cover basic needs; additionally, government protections excluded those working in the informal economy. Fearing the loss of their already reduced number of clients, many felt compelled to compromise both prices and protective measures. Although some engaged in online sex work, this raised concerns about visibility and was impossible for those without technological access or skills. Many feared COVID-19, but felt pressure to continue working, often with clients who refused to wear masks or share exposure history. Other negative impacts on well-being related to the pandemic included reduced access to financial support or health care. Marginalized populations (and especially those in professions which require close contact like sex workers) need further support and capacity-building within the community to recover from the impact of COVID-19.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Emotions ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Sex Work ; Sex Workers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	184221-3
ISSN	1573-2800 ; 0004-0002
ISSN (online)	1573-2800
ISSN	0004-0002
DOI	10.1007/s10508-023-02633-3
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Article ; Online: "Exceptionally challenging time for all of us": Qualitative study of the COVID-19 experiences of partners of diplomatic personnel.

Brooks, Samantha K / Patel, Dipti / Greenberg, Neil

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 11, Page(s) e0293557

Abstract: Background: Although the romantic partners of diplomatic personnel frequently accompany their spouses to overseas postings and face the challenges of having to adjust to new cultures and separation from friends and family, they have rarely been the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although the romantic partners of diplomatic personnel frequently accompany their spouses to overseas postings and face the challenges of having to adjust to new cultures and separation from friends and family, they have rarely been the focus of academic research. This study explores the lived experiences of the partners/spouses of diplomatic personnel from the United Kingdom's Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Partners of FCDO staff took part in semi-structured interviews about how COVID-19 had affected their lives and their perceptions of the organisation's response to the pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Eleven partners of FCDO staff took part, who between them had lived in 14 different countries during the pandemic. The analysis identified six key themes: deployment-specific challenges such as travel restrictions, quarantine and evacuation; children; impacts of the pandemic including financial and psychological; perceptions of the organisational response to COVID-19; support and help-seeking; and suggestions for the future. Overall participants reported experiencing a number of challenges, many of which left them feeling powerless and not in control of their own lives. Participants frequently described a lack of clarity around policies and support. Social support appeared to be valuable, but many participants wanted more support from the organisation and from informal networks. Conclusions: Diplomatic (and similar) organisations could enhance the wellbeing of the partners of their staff through improved communication and support. Keeping families informed about restrictions, requirements, policies and available help during a crisis, and reaching out to them to offer advice and support, would likely be beneficial. It is important that lessons are learned from the COVID-19 crisis in order for organisations to be able to support their employees and families if another prolonged crisis were to occur.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Population Health ; Government Employees ; Qualitative Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0293557
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: "Exceptionally challenging time for all of us"

Samantha K Brooks / Dipti Patel / Neil Greenberg

PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 11, p e

Qualitative study of the COVID-19 experiences of partners of diplomatic personnel.

2023 Volume 0293557

Abstract: Background Although the romantic partners of diplomatic personnel frequently accompany their spouses to overseas postings and face the challenges of having to adjust to new cultures and separation from friends and family, they have rarely been the focus ... ...

Abstract	Background Although the romantic partners of diplomatic personnel frequently accompany their spouses to overseas postings and face the challenges of having to adjust to new cultures and separation from friends and family, they have rarely been the focus of academic research. This study explores the lived experiences of the partners/spouses of diplomatic personnel from the United Kingdom's Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Partners of FCDO staff took part in semi-structured interviews about how COVID-19 had affected their lives and their perceptions of the organisation's response to the pandemic. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results Eleven partners of FCDO staff took part, who between them had lived in 14 different countries during the pandemic. The analysis identified six key themes: deployment-specific challenges such as travel restrictions, quarantine and evacuation; children; impacts of the pandemic including financial and psychological; perceptions of the organisational response to COVID-19; support and help-seeking; and suggestions for the future. Overall participants reported experiencing a number of challenges, many of which left them feeling powerless and not in control of their own lives. Participants frequently described a lack of clarity around policies and support. Social support appeared to be valuable, but many participants wanted more support from the organisation and from informal networks. Conclusions Diplomatic (and similar) organisations could enhance the wellbeing of the partners of their staff through improved communication and support. Keeping families informed about restrictions, requirements, policies and available help during a crisis, and reaching out to them to offer advice and support, would likely be beneficial. It is important that lessons are learned from the COVID-19 crisis in order for organisations to be able to support their employees and families if another prolonged crisis were to occur.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	360 ; 300
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Psychological Consequences of the Flint Water Crisis: A Scoping Review.

Brooks, Samantha K / Patel, Sonny S

Disaster medicine and public health preparedness

2021 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) 1259–1269

Abstract: Objective: To summarize existing literature on the mental health impact of the Flint Water Crisis.: Methods: In March 2020, we searched 5 databases for literature exploring the psychological consequences of the crisis. Main findings were extracted.!## ...

Abstract	Objective: To summarize existing literature on the mental health impact of the Flint Water Crisis. Methods: In March 2020, we searched 5 databases for literature exploring the psychological consequences of the crisis. Main findings were extracted. Results: 132 citations were screened and 11 included in the review. Results suggest a negative psychological effect caused by the water crisis, including anxiety and health worries, exacerbated by lowered trust in public health officials, uncertainty about the long-term impacts of the crisis, financial hardships, stigma, and difficulties seeking help. There was evidence that concerns about tap water continued even after the state of emergency was lifted. Conclusions: With a possible compound effect to residents of Flint with the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the results highlight the need for more resources for psychological health interventions in Flint as well as a need for local governments and health authorities to regain the trust of those affected by the Flint Water Crisis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Water ; Pandemics ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Public Health/methods ; Water Supply
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2375268-3
ISSN	1938-744X ; 1935-7893
ISSN (online)	1938-744X
ISSN	1935-7893
DOI	10.1017/dmp.2021.41
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