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  1. Article ; Online: Immunogenicity of fractional doses of tetravalent a/c/y/w135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine

    Philippe J Guerin / Lisbeth M Naess / Carole Fogg / Einar Rosenqvist / Loretxu Pinoges / Francis Bajunirwe / Carolyn Nabasumba / Ray Borrow / Leif O Frøholm / Salah Ghabri / Vincent Batwala / Rogers Twesigye / Ingeborg S Aaberge / John-Arne Røttingen / Patrice Piola / Dominique A Caugant

    PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 2, Iss 12, p e

    results from a randomized non-inferiority controlled trial in Uganda.

    2008  Volume 342

    Abstract: ... vaccine shortage, we explored the use of fractional doses of a licensed A/C/Y/W135 polysaccharide ... serogroups W135 and Y, in total population analysis. Non-inferiority was shown between the full and 1/5 doses ... for serogroup C. Safety and tolerability data were favourable, as observed in other studies.While the advent ...

    Abstract Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A is the main causative pathogen of meningitis epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, serogroup W135 has also been the cause of epidemics. Mass vaccination campaigns with polysaccharide vaccines are key elements in controlling these epidemics. Facing global vaccine shortage, we explored the use of fractional doses of a licensed A/C/Y/W135 polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine.We conducted a randomized, non-inferiority trial in 750 healthy volunteers 2-19 years old in Mbarara, Uganda, to compare the immune response of the full dose of the vaccine versus fractional doses (1/5 or 1/10). Safety and tolerability data were collected for all subjects during the 4 weeks following the injection. Pre- and post-vaccination sera were analyzed by measuring serum bactericidal activity (SBA) with baby rabbit complement. A responder was defined as a subject with a > or =4-fold increase in SBA against a target strain from each serogroup and SBA titer > or =128. For serogroup W135, 94% and 97% of the vaccinees in the 1/5- and 1/10-dose arms, respectively, were responders, versus 94% in the full-dose arm; for serogroup A, 92% and 88% were responders, respectively, versus 95%. Non-inferiority was demonstrated between the full dose and both fractional doses in SBA seroresponse against serogroups W135 and Y, in total population analysis. Non-inferiority was shown between the full and 1/5 doses for serogroup A in the population non-immune prior to vaccination. Non-inferiority was not shown for any of the fractionate doses for serogroup C. Safety and tolerability data were favourable, as observed in other studies.While the advent of conjugate A vaccine is anticipated to largely contribute to control serogroup A outbreaks in Africa, the scale-up of its production will not cover the entire "Meningitis Belt" target population for at least the next 3 to 5 years. In view of the current shortage of meningococcal vaccines for Africa, the use of 1/5 fractional doses should be considered as an alternative in mass vaccination campaigns.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00271479.
    Keywords Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Subject code 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Immunogenicity of fractional doses of tetravalent a/c/y/w135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine: results from a randomized non-inferiority controlled trial in Uganda.

    Guerin, Philippe J / Naess, Lisbeth M / Fogg, Carole / Rosenqvist, Einar / Pinoges, Loretxu / Bajunirwe, Francis / Nabasumba, Carolyn / Borrow, Ray / Frøholm, Leif O / Ghabri, Salah / Batwala, Vincent / Twesigye, Rogers / Aaberge, Ingeborg S / Røttingen, John-Arne / Piola, Patrice / Caugant, Dominique A

    PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    2008  Volume 2, Issue 12, Page(s) e342

    Abstract: ... global vaccine shortage, we explored the use of fractional doses of a licensed A/C/Y/W135 polysaccharide ... against serogroups W135 and Y, in total population analysis. Non-inferiority was shown between the full ... not shown for any of the fractionate doses for serogroup C. Safety and tolerability data were ...

    Abstract Background: Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A is the main causative pathogen of meningitis epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, serogroup W135 has also been the cause of epidemics. Mass vaccination campaigns with polysaccharide vaccines are key elements in controlling these epidemics. Facing global vaccine shortage, we explored the use of fractional doses of a licensed A/C/Y/W135 polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine.
    Methods and findings: We conducted a randomized, non-inferiority trial in 750 healthy volunteers 2-19 years old in Mbarara, Uganda, to compare the immune response of the full dose of the vaccine versus fractional doses (1/5 or 1/10). Safety and tolerability data were collected for all subjects during the 4 weeks following the injection. Pre- and post-vaccination sera were analyzed by measuring serum bactericidal activity (SBA) with baby rabbit complement. A responder was defined as a subject with a > or =4-fold increase in SBA against a target strain from each serogroup and SBA titer > or =128. For serogroup W135, 94% and 97% of the vaccinees in the 1/5- and 1/10-dose arms, respectively, were responders, versus 94% in the full-dose arm; for serogroup A, 92% and 88% were responders, respectively, versus 95%. Non-inferiority was demonstrated between the full dose and both fractional doses in SBA seroresponse against serogroups W135 and Y, in total population analysis. Non-inferiority was shown between the full and 1/5 doses for serogroup A in the population non-immune prior to vaccination. Non-inferiority was not shown for any of the fractionate doses for serogroup C. Safety and tolerability data were favourable, as observed in other studies.
    Conclusions: While the advent of conjugate A vaccine is anticipated to largely contribute to control serogroup A outbreaks in Africa, the scale-up of its production will not cover the entire "Meningitis Belt" target population for at least the next 3 to 5 years. In view of the current shortage of meningococcal vaccines for Africa, the use of 1/5 fractional doses should be considered as an alternative in mass vaccination campaigns.
    Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00271479.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Animals ; Bacterial Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Complement System Proteins/immunology ; Dose Fractionation, Radiation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Meningitis, Meningococcal/epidemiology ; Meningitis, Meningococcal/immunology ; Neisseria meningitidis/immunology ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/immunology ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Safety ; Single-Blind Method ; Uganda/epidemiology ; Young Adult
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Vaccines ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial ; Complement System Proteins (9007-36-7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-12-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2429704-5
    ISSN 1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
    ISSN (online) 1935-2735
    ISSN 1935-2735
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000342
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Temporal arteritis presenting with facial swelling and a negative temporal artery biopsy.

    Lee, Natalie Si-Yi / Lu, Tim Y / Allende, Alexandra / Francis, Ian C

    BMJ case reports

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 9

    Abstract: A man in his 60s presented to the emergency department with marked bilateral preauricular swelling, associated with jaw claudication, temporal tenderness and blurred vision. He was immediately treated for temporal arteritis by commencing systemic ... ...

    Abstract A man in his 60s presented to the emergency department with marked bilateral preauricular swelling, associated with jaw claudication, temporal tenderness and blurred vision. He was immediately treated for temporal arteritis by commencing systemic corticosteroids. A temporal artery biopsy showed no evidence of vasculitis. However, positron emission tomography-CT demonstrated increased uptake in the medium-large vessels, including the left superficial temporal artery and aorta. This case illustrates that facial swelling may be an under-recognised presenting feature of temporal arteritis, and that a negative temporal artery biopsy does not always rule out a diagnosis of temporal arteritis, and should not delay treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Giant Cell Arteritis/complications ; Giant Cell Arteritis/diagnosis ; Giant Cell Arteritis/drug therapy ; Temporal Arteries/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Angioedema ; Biopsy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ISSN 1757-790X
    ISSN (online) 1757-790X
    DOI 10.1136/bcr-2023-255731
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Targeted alveo-pleural fistula endobronchial valve treatment using ventilation scintigraphy.

    Sidhu, Calvin / Ratnagobal, Shoba / Thomas, Rajesh / Lee, Gary Y C / Drudy, Enya / Francis, Roslyn J

    Respirology case reports

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 5, Page(s) e01146

    Abstract: Persistent air-leaks can be difficult to localize in radiology. Bronchoscopic management of air-leaks requires identification of the leak's location to allow suitable targeted treatment. One-way endobronchial valves have become a suitable option for ... ...

    Abstract Persistent air-leaks can be difficult to localize in radiology. Bronchoscopic management of air-leaks requires identification of the leak's location to allow suitable targeted treatment. One-way endobronchial valves have become a suitable option for persistent air-leaks. In this report, a combination scintigraphy and one-way endobronchial valve treatment successfully resolved a persistent air-leak.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2750180-2
    ISSN 2051-3380
    ISSN 2051-3380
    DOI 10.1002/rcr2.1146
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Ambulatory facial feminization surgery: a comparative analysis of outcomes and complications.

    Nguyen, Nghiem / Doan, Leandra / Jiang, Fang / Chu, Michael W / Liu, Yuan Y / Francis, Stacey H / Kim, Holly / Lee, James C

    Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS

    2024  Volume 93, Page(s) 30–35

    Abstract: Background: To date, there are no studies investigating the safety and outcomes of facial feminization surgery (FFS) as an outpatient procedure. This is the first study of its kind analyzing the outcomes of ambulatory FFS based on a comparison of ... ...

    Abstract Background: To date, there are no studies investigating the safety and outcomes of facial feminization surgery (FFS) as an outpatient procedure. This is the first study of its kind analyzing the outcomes of ambulatory FFS based on a comparison of complications, post-operative emergency department or urgent care (ED/UC) visits, and readmissions between patients who underwent FFS with admission versus same-day surgery.
    Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all patients who underwent FFS in a single integrated healthcare system. Patient charts were reviewed for operative details, complications, post-operative ED/UC visits, readmission, and demographic factors. Major outcomes including complications, readmissions, and ED/UC visits were compared between groups with same-day discharge and post-operative hospital admission.
    Results: Of 242 patients included in the study, ED/UC visits were comparable between patients discharged same-day (18.2%) and patients admitted post-operatively (21.6%, p = 0.52). Logistic regression showed no significant difference in the composite outcomes of minor complications, major complications, and readmissions (15.6% for ambulatory versus 19.3% for admission, p = 0.46). Temporary nerve palsy, infection, and hematoma were the most common post-operative complications. However, covariates of a lower face procedure and operative time were shown to have significant differences in the composite complication outcome (p = 0.04 and p = 0.045, respectively).
    Conclusion: Ambulatory FFS is a safe practice with no associated increase in adverse outcomes including complications, ED/UC visits, and readmission when compared to post-operative admission. Adoption of same-day FFS should be considered by high-volume gender health centers to potentially benefit from increased scheduling flexibility and efficiency, increased access to care, and lower healthcare costs.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-22
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2217750-4
    ISSN 1878-0539 ; 1748-6815 ; 0007-1226
    ISSN (online) 1878-0539
    ISSN 1748-6815 ; 0007-1226
    DOI 10.1016/j.bjps.2024.03.017
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Retraction Note: Calcium-dependent transcriptional changes in human pancreatic islet cells reveal functional diversity in islet cell subtypes.

    Yoon, Ji Soo / Sasaki, Shugo / Velghe, Jane / Lee, Michelle Y Y / Winata, Helena / Nian, Cuilan / Lynn, Francis C

    Diabetologia

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 11, Page(s) 2186

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Retraction of Publication
    ZDB-ID 1694-9
    ISSN 1432-0428 ; 0012-186X
    ISSN (online) 1432-0428
    ISSN 0012-186X
    DOI 10.1007/s00125-023-05983-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Evaluation of acyllysine isostere interactions with the aromatic pocket of the AF9 YEATS domain.

    Travis, Christopher R / Francis, Denver Y / Williams, David C / Waters, Marcey L

    Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society

    2022  Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) e4533

    Abstract: Amide-π interactions, in which an amide interacts with an aromatic group, are ubiquitous in biology, yet remain understudied relative to other noncovalent interactions. Recently, we demonstrated that an electrostatically tunable amide-π interaction is ... ...

    Abstract Amide-π interactions, in which an amide interacts with an aromatic group, are ubiquitous in biology, yet remain understudied relative to other noncovalent interactions. Recently, we demonstrated that an electrostatically tunable amide-π interaction is key to recognition of histone acyllysine by the AF9 YEATS domain, a reader protein which has emerged as a therapeutic target due to its dysregulation in cancer. Amide isosteres are commonly employed in drug discovery, often to prevent degradation by proteases, and have proven valuable in achieving selectivity when targeting epigenetic proteins. However, like amide-π interactions, interactions of amide isosteres with aromatic rings have not been thoroughly studied despite widespread use. Herein, we evaluate the recognition of a series of amide isosteres by the AF9 YEATS domain using genetic code expansion to evaluate the amide isostere-π interaction. We show that compared to the amide-π interaction with the native ligand, each isostere exhibits similar electrostatic tunability with an aromatic residue in the binding pocket, demonstrating that the isosteres maintain similar interactions with the aromatic residue. We identify a urea-containing ligand that binds with enhanced affinity for the AF9 YEATS domain, offering a promising starting point for inhibitor development. Furthermore, we demonstrate that carbamate and urea isosteres of crotonyllysine are resistant to enzymatic removal by SIRT1, a protein that cleaves acyl post-translational modifications, further indicating the potential of amide isosteres in YEATS domain inhibitor development. These results also provide experimental precedent for interactions of these common drug discovery moieties with aromatic rings that can inform computational methods.
    MeSH term(s) Ligands ; Histones/metabolism ; Protein Domains ; Amides ; Urea
    Chemical Substances Ligands ; Histones ; Amides ; Urea (8W8T17847W)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1106283-6
    ISSN 1469-896X ; 0961-8368
    ISSN (online) 1469-896X
    ISSN 0961-8368
    DOI 10.1002/pro.4533
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Spontaneous Extrusion of a Conjunctivolith Containing Herpes Virus Confirmed by Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy.

    Borchert, Grace A / Blah, Tyler R / Fu, Michele Y / Cheng, Adrian C M / Kaushik, Natasha / Francis, Ian C

    Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery

    2023  Volume 39, Issue 2, Page(s) e60–e64

    Abstract: This report describes the spontaneous extrusion from between the eyelids of a presumed conjunctivolith in a patient with resolving severe herpes zoster ophthalmicus. A 57-year-old man presented for ophthalmologic assessment and management due to severe ...

    Abstract : This report describes the spontaneous extrusion from between the eyelids of a presumed conjunctivolith in a patient with resolving severe herpes zoster ophthalmicus. A 57-year-old man presented for ophthalmologic assessment and management due to severe left herpes zoster ophthalmicus. At one subsequent ophthalmologic assessment, a conjunctivolith spontaneously egressed the lateral commissure of the OS when the lateral fornix was inspected. The conjunctivolith was retrieved from the floor of the consulting room. Electron microscopic analysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy was undertaken to determine its composition. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the conjunctivolith was composed of carbon, calcium, and oxygen. Transmission electron microscopy diagnosed Herpes virus within the conjunctivolith. Conjunctivoliths, or possible lacrimal gland stones, are a very rare phenomenon, and their etiology is currently unclear. In this case, there was likely to have been an association between herpes zoster ophthalmicus and the conjunctivolith.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Eyelids ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases ; Spectrum Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632830-1
    ISSN 1537-2677 ; 0740-9303
    ISSN (online) 1537-2677
    ISSN 0740-9303
    DOI 10.1097/IOP.0000000000002326
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Catatonia and melancholia interface: exploring a new paradigm for evaluation and treatment. A case series and literature review.

    Mahgoub, Yassir / Pathare, Aum / Hamlin, Dallas / Gomaa, Hassaan / Nutting, Sean / Mormando, Charles / Francis, Andrew

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2024  Volume 15, Page(s) 1372136

    Abstract: Background: Catatonia has been increasingly associated with mood disorders and is recognized as a specifier in the DSM-5 and DSM-5-TR. The DSM-5-TR recognizes melancholia as a specifier for depressive episodes in major depressive disorder and bipolar ... ...

    Abstract Background: Catatonia has been increasingly associated with mood disorders and is recognized as a specifier in the DSM-5 and DSM-5-TR. The DSM-5-TR recognizes melancholia as a specifier for depressive episodes in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. It is characterized by severe anhedonia, lack of reactivity, excessive or delusional guilt, and significant vegetative symptoms. As the conceptualization of melancholia expanded beyond its mood components to include psychomotor disturbances, its overlap with psychomotor symptoms or catatonia becomes evident. This overlap was also described in Kahlbaum's original literature, where he describes the transition between states of melancholia, mania, and catatonia.
    Method: Case summary of six patients with major depressive disorder or depressed phase of bipolar disorder who were admitted for severe depression, anhedonia, intense anxiety, psychomotor agitation or retardation, indecisiveness, perseveration, and vegetative symptoms such as poor sleep, appetite, and significant weight loss.
    Results: All patients demonstrated rapid and complete resolution of their mood and psychomotor symptoms, indecisiveness, perseveration, as well as psychosis shortly after administration of lorazepam, with recurrence of the above symptoms upon lorazepam discontinuation and resolution upon resumption, in an on-and-off manner.
    Conclusion: The present study argues for a closer relationship between melancholia and catatonia based on our case series, historical review, overlap in phenomenology, and response to treatment. We propose provisional [Mahgoub] criteria for patients with severe depression and melancholia. The role of GABA agonists, such as lorazepam, can be explored as an option for patients with treatment-resistant depression who meet these criteria for melancholia.
    Limitations: Absence of a standardized, systematic assessment tool and a small sample size.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1372136
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Effects of Auditory Training in Older Adults.

    Lai, C-Y Yvonne / Ng, P S / Chan, Alice H D / Wong, Francis C K

    Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 10, Page(s) 4137–4149

    Abstract: Purpose: This study examines the effects of an auditory training program on the auditory and cognitive abilities of older adults. Auditory rehabilitation programs are generally designed for hearing aid users, and studies have demonstrated benefits for ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: This study examines the effects of an auditory training program on the auditory and cognitive abilities of older adults. Auditory rehabilitation programs are generally designed for hearing aid users, and studies have demonstrated benefits for them. In this study, we seek to understand whether such a training program can also benefit older adults who do not wear hearing aids. We also examined if cognitive benefits can indeed be observed as a result of the training.
    Method: Sixty-four older adults were recruited and assigned into three groups: the experimental group (
    Results: The results showed improvements in auditory and cognitive abilities during the training period. When assessing the training effects by comparing the pre- and the posttraining performances, a significant improvement on the QuickSIN task was found in the training group but not in the other two groups. However, other cognitive tests did not show any significant improvement. That is, the LACE training did not benefit short-term memory and attention. The improved performance on short-term memory during the training was not maintained in the posttraining session.
    Conclusion: Overall, the study has extended the auditory benefit from the LACE training to the typical aging population in terms of improved communication ability, but the effect of training on auditory abilities did not transfer to gains in cognitive abilities.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Aged ; Speech Perception ; Hearing Disorders ; Noise ; Cognition ; Hearing Tests
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1364086-0
    ISSN 1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
    ISSN (online) 1558-9102
    ISSN 1092-4388
    DOI 10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00621
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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