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Article ; Online: Linking fast and slow: The case for generative models.

Medrano, Johan / Friston, Karl / Zeidman, Peter

Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)

2024 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 24–43

Abstract: A pervasive challenge in neuroscience is testing whether neuronal connectivity changes over time due to specific causes, such as stimuli, events, or clinical interventions. Recent hardware innovations and falling data storage costs enable longer, more ... ...

Abstract	A pervasive challenge in neuroscience is testing whether neuronal connectivity changes over time due to specific causes, such as stimuli, events, or clinical interventions. Recent hardware innovations and falling data storage costs enable longer, more naturalistic neuronal recordings. The implicit opportunity for understanding the self-organised brain calls for new analysis methods that link temporal scales: from the order of milliseconds over which neuronal dynamics evolve, to the order of minutes, days, or even years over which experimental observations unfold. This review article demonstrates how hierarchical generative models and Bayesian inference help to characterise neuronal activity across different time scales. Crucially, these methods go beyond describing statistical associations among observations and enable inference about underlying mechanisms. We offer an overview of fundamental concepts in state-space modeling and suggest a taxonomy for these methods. Additionally, we introduce key mathematical principles that underscore a separation of temporal scales, such as the slaving principle, and review Bayesian methods that are being used to test hypotheses about the brain with multiscale data. We hope that this review will serve as a useful primer for experimental and computational neuroscientists on the state of the art and current directions of travel in the complex systems modelling literature.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2472-1751
ISSN (online)	2472-1751
DOI	10.1162/netn_a_00343
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Article ; Online: Conceptual foundations of physiological regulation incorporating the free energy principle and self-organized criticality.

Bettinger, Jesse S / Friston, Karl J

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews

2023 Volume 155, Page(s) 105459

Abstract: Bettinger, J. S., K. J. Friston. Conceptual Foundations of Physiological Regulation incorporating ...

Abstract	Bettinger, J. S., K. J. Friston. Conceptual Foundations of Physiological Regulation incorporating the Free Energy Principle & Self-Organized Criticality. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 23(x) 144-XXX, 2022. Since the late nineteen-nineties, the concept of homeostasis has been contextualized within a broader class of "allostatic" dynamics characterized by a wider-berth of causal factors including social, psychological and environmental entailments; the fundamental nature of integrated brain-body dynamics; plus the role of anticipatory, top-down constraints supplied by intrinsic regulatory models. Many of these evidentiary factors are integral in original descriptions of homeostasis; subsequently integrated; and/or cite more-general operating principles of self-organization. As a result, the concept of allostasis may be generalized to a larger category of variational systems in biology, engineering and physics in terms of advances in complex systems, statistical mechanics and dynamics involving heterogenous (hierarchical/heterarchical, modular) systems like brain-networks and the internal milieu. This paper offers a three-part treatment. 1) interpret "allostasis" to emphasize a variational and relational foundation of physiological stability; 2) adapt the role of allostasis as "stability through change" to include a "return to stability" and 3) reframe the model of homeostasis with a conceptual model of criticality that licenses the upgrade to variational dynamics.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Allostasis/physiology ; Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Models, Theoretical ; Brain/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	282464-4
ISSN	1873-7528 ; 0149-7634
ISSN (online)	1873-7528
ISSN	0149-7634
DOI	10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105459
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Article: Corrigendum: Small steps for mankind: Modeling the emergence of cumulative culture from joint active inference communication.

Kastel, Natalie / Hesp, Casper / Ridderinkhof, K Richard / Friston, Karl J

Frontiers in neurorobotics

2023 Volume 17, Page(s) 1151062

Abstract: This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2022.944986.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2022.944986.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2453002-5
ISSN	1662-5218
ISSN	1662-5218
DOI	10.3389/fnbot.2023.1151062
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Article ; Online: Functional asymmetry and the consequences of action: Comment on: Left and right temporal-parietal junctions (TPJs) as "match/mismatch" hedonic machines: A unifying account of TPJ function by Fabrizio Doricchi et al.

Parr, Thomas / Kilner, James / Friston, Karl

Physics of life reviews

2023 Volume 44, Page(s) 145–147

MeSH term(s)	Parietal Lobe ; Temporal Lobe ; Brain Mapping
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2148883-6
ISSN	1873-1457 ; 1571-0645
ISSN (online)	1873-1457
ISSN	1571-0645
DOI	10.1016/j.plrev.2023.01.004
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Article ; Online: Order and change in art: towards an active inference account of aesthetic experience.

Van de Cruys, Sander / Frascaroli, Jacopo / Friston, Karl

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2023 Volume 379, Issue 1895, Page(s) 20220411

Abstract: ... might emerge from a fecund framework in cognitive science known as predictive processing (a.k.a. active ...

Abstract	How to account for the power that art holds over us? Why do artworks touch us deeply, consoling, transforming or invigorating us in the process? In this paper, we argue that an answer to this question might emerge from a fecund framework in cognitive science known as predictive processing (a.k.a. active inference). We unpack how this approach connects sense-making and aesthetic experiences through the idea of an 'epistemic arc', consisting of three parts (curiosity, epistemic action and aha experiences), which we cast as aspects of active inference. We then show how epistemic arcs are built and sustained by artworks to provide us with those satisfying experiences that we tend to call 'aesthetic'. Next, we defuse two key objections to this approach; namely, that it places undue emphasis on the cognitive component of our aesthetic encounters-at the expense of affective aspects-and on closure and uncertainty minimization (order)-at the expense of openness and lingering uncertainty (change). We show that the approach offers crucial resources to account for the open-ended, free and playful behaviour inherent in aesthetic experiences. The upshot is a promising but deflationary approach, both philosophically informed and psychologically sound, that opens new empirical avenues for understanding our aesthetic encounters. This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Esthetics ; Exploratory Behavior ; Touch Perception ; Uncertainty ; Cognitive Science ; Lepidoptera
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2022.0411
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Article: Small steps for mankind: Modeling the emergence of cumulative culture from joint active inference communication.

Kastel, Natalie / Hesp, Casper / Ridderinkhof, K Richard / Friston, Karl J

Frontiers in neurorobotics

2023 Volume 16, Page(s) 944986

Abstract: Although the increase in the use of dynamical modeling in the literature on cultural evolution makes current models more mathematically sophisticated, these models have yet to be tested or validated. This paper provides a testable deep active inference ... ...

Abstract	Although the increase in the use of dynamical modeling in the literature on cultural evolution makes current models more mathematically sophisticated, these models have yet to be tested or validated. This paper provides a testable deep active inference formulation of social behavior and accompanying simulations of cumulative culture in two steps: First, we cast cultural transmission as a bi-directional process of communication that induces a generalized synchrony (operationalized as a particular convergence) between the belief states of interlocutors. Second, we cast social or cultural exchange as a process of active inference by equipping agents with the choice of who to engage in communication with. This induces trade-offs between confirmation of current beliefs and exploration of the social environment. We find that cumulative culture emerges from belief updating (i.e., active inference and learning) in the form of a joint minimization of uncertainty. The emergent cultural equilibria are characterized by a segregation into groups, whose belief systems are actively sustained by selective, uncertainty minimizing, dyadic exchanges. The nature of these equilibria depends sensitively on the precision afforded by various probabilistic mappings in each individual's generative model of their encultured niche.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2453002-5
ISSN	1662-5218
ISSN	1662-5218
DOI	10.3389/fnbot.2022.944986
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Book ; Online: Modelling cortical network dynamics

Cooray, Gerald K. / Rosch, Richard E. / Friston, Karl J.

2023

Abstract: ... Laplace (a.k.a., Dynamic Causal Modelling). The face validity of the ensuing seizure propagation model was ...

Abstract	We consider the theoretical constraints on interactions between coupled cortical columns. Each column comprises a set of neural populations, where each population is modelled as a neural mass. The existence of semi-stable states within a cortical column has been shown to be dependent on the type of interaction between the constituent neuronal subpopulations, i.e., the form of the implicit synaptic convolution kernels. Current-to-current coupling has been shown, in contrast to potential-to-current coupling, to create semi-stable states within a cortical column. In this analytic and numerical study, the interaction between semi-stable states is characterized by equations of motion for ensemble activity. We show that for small excitations, the dynamics follow the Kuramoto model. However, in contrast to previous work, we derive coupled equations between phase and amplitude dynamics. This affords the possibility of defining connectivity as a dynamic variable. The turbulent flow of phase dynamics found in networks of Kuramoto oscillators indicate turbulent changes in dynamic connectivity for coupled cortical columns. Crucially, this is something that has been recorded in epileptic seizures. We used the results we derived to estimate a seizure propagation model, which allowed for relatively straightforward inversions using variational Laplace (a.k.a., Dynamic Causal Modelling). The face validity of the ensuing seizure propagation model was established using simulated data as a prelude to future work; which will investigate dynamic connectivity from empirical data. This model also allows predictions of seizure evolution, induced by virtual lesions to synaptic connectivity: something that could be of clinical use, when applied to epilepsy surgical cases.
Keywords	Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Subject code	612
Publishing date	2023-01-03
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Experimental validation of the free-energy principle with in vitro neural networks.

Isomura, Takuya / Kotani, Kiyoshi / Jimbo, Yasuhiko / Friston, Karl J

Nature communications

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 4547

Abstract: Empirical applications of the free-energy principle are not straightforward because they entail a commitment to a particular process theory, especially at the cellular and synaptic levels. Using a recently established reverse engineering technique, we ... ...

Abstract	Empirical applications of the free-energy principle are not straightforward because they entail a commitment to a particular process theory, especially at the cellular and synaptic levels. Using a recently established reverse engineering technique, we confirm the quantitative predictions of the free-energy principle using in vitro networks of rat cortical neurons that perform causal inference. Upon receiving electrical stimuli-generated by mixing two hidden sources-neurons self-organised to selectively encode the two sources. Pharmacological up- and downregulation of network excitability disrupted the ensuing inference, consistent with changes in prior beliefs about hidden sources. As predicted, changes in effective synaptic connectivity reduced variational free energy, where the connection strengths encoded parameters of the generative model. In short, we show that variational free energy minimisation can quantitatively predict the self-organisation of neuronal networks, in terms of their responses and plasticity. These results demonstrate the applicability of the free-energy principle to in vitro neural networks and establish its predictive validity in this setting.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Rats ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Neurons/physiology ; Models, Neurological
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-40141-z
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Article ; Online: Neural Networks special issue on Artificial Intelligence and Brain Science.

Doya, Kenji / Friston, Karl / Sugiyama, Masashi / Tenenbaum, Josh

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society

2022 Volume 155, Page(s) 328–329

MeSH term(s)	Artificial Intelligence ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Brain
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	740542-x
ISSN	1879-2782 ; 0893-6080
ISSN (online)	1879-2782
ISSN	0893-6080
DOI	10.1016/j.neunet.2022.08.018
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Article ; Online: Active inference under visuo-proprioceptive conflict: Simulation and empirical results.

Limanowski, Jakub / Friston, Karl

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 4010

Abstract: It has been suggested that the brain controls hand movements via internal models that rely on visual and proprioceptive cues about the state of the hand. In active inference formulations of such models, the relative influence of each modality on action ... ...

Abstract	It has been suggested that the brain controls hand movements via internal models that rely on visual and proprioceptive cues about the state of the hand. In active inference formulations of such models, the relative influence of each modality on action and perception is determined by how precise (reliable) it is expected to be. The 'top-down' affordance of expected precision to a particular sensory modality is associated with attention. Here, we asked whether increasing attention to (i.e., the precision of) vision or proprioception would enhance performance in a hand-target phase matching task, in which visual and proprioceptive cues about hand posture were incongruent. We show that in a simple simulated agent-based on predictive coding formulations of active inference-increasing the expected precision of vision or proprioception improved task performance (target matching with the seen or felt hand, respectively) under visuo-proprioceptive conflict. Moreover, we show that this formulation captured the behaviour and self-reported attentional allocation of human participants performing the same task in a virtual reality environment. Together, our results show that selective attention can balance the impact of (conflicting) visual and proprioceptive cues on action-rendering attention a key mechanism for a flexible body representation for action.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Female ; Hand/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Proprioception/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Virtual Reality ; Visual Perception/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-61097-w
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