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  1. Article ; Online: What we see is what we touch? Sex estimation on the skull in virtual anthropology.

    Braun, Sandra / Schwendener, Nicole / Kanz, Fabian / Lösch, Sandra / Milella, Marco

    International journal of legal medicine

    2024  

    Abstract: Background: The increased use of virtual bone images in forensic anthropology requires a comprehensive study on the observational errors between dry bones and CT reconstructions. Here, we focus on the consistency of nonmetric sex estimation traits on ... ...

    Abstract Background: The increased use of virtual bone images in forensic anthropology requires a comprehensive study on the observational errors between dry bones and CT reconstructions. Here, we focus on the consistency of nonmetric sex estimation traits on the human skull.
    Materials and methods: We scored nine nonmetric traits on dry crania and mandibles (n = 223) of archaeological origin and their CT reconstructions. Additionally, we 3D surface scanned a subsample (n = 50) and repeated our observations. Due to the intricate anatomy of the mental eminence, we split it into two separate traits: the bilateral mental tubercles and the midsagittal mental protuberance. We provide illustrations and descriptions for both these traits.
    Results: We obtained supreme consistency values between the CT and 3D surface modalities. The most consistent cranial traits were the glabella and the supraorbital margin, followed by the nuchal crest, zygomatic extension, mental tubercles, mental protuberance, mental eminence, mastoid process and ramus flexure, in descending order. The mental tubercles show higher consistency scores than the mental eminence and the mental protuberance.
    Discussion: The increased interchangeability of the virtual modalities with each other as compared to the dry bone modality could be due to the lack of tactility on both the CT and surface scans. Moreover, tactility appears less essential with experience than a precise trait description. Future studies could revolve around the most consistent cranial traits, combining them with pelvic traits from a previous study, to test for accuracy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-30
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1055109-8
    ISSN 1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
    ISSN (online) 1437-1596
    ISSN 0937-9827
    DOI 10.1007/s00414-024-03244-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: What we see is what we touch? Sex estimation on the pelvis in virtual anthropology.

    Braun, Sandra / Schwendener, Nicole / Kanz, Fabian / Lösch, Sandra / Milella, Marco

    International journal of legal medicine

    2023  Volume 137, Issue 6, Page(s) 1839–1852

    Abstract: Background: Computed tomography (CT) scans are a convenient means to study 3D reconstructions of bones. However, errors associated with the different nature of the observation, e.g. visual and tactile (on dry bone) versus visual only (on a screen) have ... ...

    Abstract Background: Computed tomography (CT) scans are a convenient means to study 3D reconstructions of bones. However, errors associated with the different nature of the observation, e.g. visual and tactile (on dry bone) versus visual only (on a screen) have not been thoroughly investigated.
    Materials and methods: We quantified the errors between modalities for sex estimation protocols of nonmetric (categorical and ordinal) and metric data, using 200 dry pelves of archaeological origin and the CT reconstructions of the same bones. In addition, we 3D surface scanned a subsample of 39 pelves to compare observations with dry bone and CT data. We did not focus on the sex estimation accuracy but solely on the consistency of the scoring, hence, the interchangeability of the modalities.
    Results: Metric data yielded the most consistent results. Among the nonmetric protocols, ordinal data performed better than categorical data. We applied a slightly modified description for the trait with the highest errors and grouped the traits according to consistency and availability in good, intermediate, and poor.
    Discussion: The investigated modalities were interchangeable as long as the trait definition was not arbitrary. Dry bone (gold standard) performed well, and CT and 3D surface scans performed better. We recommend researchers test their affinity for using virtual modalities. Future studies could use our consistency analysis and combine the best traits, validating their accuracy on various modalities.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-19
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1055109-8
    ISSN 1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
    ISSN (online) 1437-1596
    ISSN 0937-9827
    DOI 10.1007/s00414-023-03034-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: My mission is finished.

    Sure, Ulrich / Braun, Sandra / Jabbarli, Ramazan

    Neurosurgical review

    2022  Volume 46, Issue 1, Page(s) 16

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-14
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 6907-3
    ISSN 1437-2320 ; 0344-5607
    ISSN (online) 1437-2320
    ISSN 0344-5607
    DOI 10.1007/s10143-022-01917-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Perimortem Skeletal Sharp Force Trauma: Detection Reliability on CT Data, Demographics and Anatomical Patterns from a Forensic Dataset.

    Braun, Sandra / Indra, Lara / Lösch, Sandra / Milella, Marco

    Biology

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 5

    Abstract: The increasing importance of trauma analysis by means of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is insufficiently reflected in forensic curricula, nor are best practice manuals available. We attempt to detect sharp force bone lesions on PMCT of closed ... ...

    Abstract The increasing importance of trauma analysis by means of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is insufficiently reflected in forensic curricula, nor are best practice manuals available. We attempt to detect sharp force bone lesions on PMCT of closed forensic cases with the aims of assessing errors and pointing out patterns in anatomical location and manner of death (MOD). We investigated 41 closed sharp force fatality cases, with available PMCT and forensic reports. Two observers with different radiological training assessed the lesions on PMCT scans (2D and 3D) for comparison with the reports. Between 3% (suicides) and 15.3% (homicides) of sharp force injuries caused visible bone lesions. While our observations were repeatable, each forensic investigation left a similar number of bone lesions undetected. Injury patterns differed between MOD, with thoracic bone lesions being most frequent overall. Soft tissue injury location varied between the MOD. Associations between MOD and age as well as number of injuries were significant. The detection of bone lesions on PMCT for untrained forensic specialists is challenging, curricula and pertinent manuals are desirable. With the low frequency of bone lesions compared to soft tissue injuries, we should be aware when analyzing decomposed bodies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2661517-4
    ISSN 2079-7737
    ISSN 2079-7737
    DOI 10.3390/biology11050666
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Perimortem Skeletal Sharp Force Trauma

    Sandra Braun / Lara Indra / Sandra Lösch / Marco Milella

    Biology, Vol 11, Iss 666, p

    Detection Reliability on CT Data, Demographics and Anatomical Patterns from a Forensic Dataset

    2022  Volume 666

    Abstract: The increasing importance of trauma analysis by means of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is insufficiently reflected in forensic curricula, nor are best practice manuals available. We attempt to detect sharp force bone lesions on PMCT of closed ... ...

    Abstract The increasing importance of trauma analysis by means of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is insufficiently reflected in forensic curricula, nor are best practice manuals available. We attempt to detect sharp force bone lesions on PMCT of closed forensic cases with the aims of assessing errors and pointing out patterns in anatomical location and manner of death (MOD). We investigated 41 closed sharp force fatality cases, with available PMCT and forensic reports. Two observers with different radiological training assessed the lesions on PMCT scans (2D and 3D) for comparison with the reports. Between 3% (suicides) and 15.3% (homicides) of sharp force injuries caused visible bone lesions. While our observations were repeatable, each forensic investigation left a similar number of bone lesions undetected. Injury patterns differed between MOD, with thoracic bone lesions being most frequent overall. Soft tissue injury location varied between the MOD. Associations between MOD and age as well as number of injuries were significant. The detection of bone lesions on PMCT for untrained forensic specialists is challenging, curricula and pertinent manuals are desirable. With the low frequency of bone lesions compared to soft tissue injuries, we should be aware when analyzing decomposed bodies.
    Keywords forensic anthropology ; forensic sciences ; sharp force trauma ; skeletal lesions ; postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) ; imaging techniques ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Periodontal pockets: Predictors for site-related worsening after non-surgical therapy-A long-term retrospective cohort study.

    Herz, Marco M / Hoffmann, Nina / Braun, Sandra / Lachmann, Stefan / Bartha, Valentin / Petsos, Hari

    Journal of clinical periodontology

    2024  

    Abstract: Aim: To evaluate site-related changes in periodontal pocket depth (PPD) after non-surgical periodontal therapy and to identify predictors for PPD changes in a retrospective patient data analysis.: Materials and methods: PPD, clinical attachment level, ...

    Abstract Aim: To evaluate site-related changes in periodontal pocket depth (PPD) after non-surgical periodontal therapy and to identify predictors for PPD changes in a retrospective patient data analysis.
    Materials and methods: PPD, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility (TM), furcation involvement (FI), abutment status, adherence to supportive periodontal care (SPC) and SPC follow-ups were obtained from fully documented patient data before periodontal therapy (baseline, T0), after active periodontal therapy (APT, T1) and during SPC (T2). PPD changes were classified into deteriorated or unchanged/improved at the site level. Multi-level logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing PPD changes during SPC.
    Results: This retrospective study included 51 females and 65 males (mean T0 age: 54.8 ± 10.1 years, 25 smokers, 12 diabetics) suffering from Stage III/IV periodontitis. Evaluation outcome: T0/16,044 sampling sites/2674 teeth; T1/15,636/2606; T2/14,754/2459. During 9.0 ± 2.3 years SPC, PPD decreased (-1.33 ± 0.70 mm) by 21.8% of the sites, remained unchanged by 41.4% and increased (1.40 ± 0.78 mm) by 36.8%. Distopalatal FI (p < .001, odds ratio [OR]: 0.252, 95% confidence interval [CI] for OR: 0.118-0.540), residual pockets (p < .001, OR: 0.503, 95% CI: 0.429-0.590) and TM Degrees I-III (Degree I: p = .002, OR: 0.765, 95% CI: 0.646-0.905; Degree II: p = .006, OR: 0.658, 95% CI: 0.489-0.886; Degree III: p = .023, OR: 0.398, 95% CI: 0.180-0.879) correlated significantly with increasing PPD.
    Conclusions: Over 75% of PPD remained unchanged or increased during SPC. Distopalatal FI, TM Degrees I-III and residual pockets after APT lead to worsening of periodontal pockets.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 188647-2
    ISSN 1600-051X ; 0303-6979
    ISSN (online) 1600-051X
    ISSN 0303-6979
    DOI 10.1111/jcpe.13957
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Small intestinal strangulation in 60 cattle - clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings, treatment and outcome.

    Braun, Ueli / Gerspach, Christian / Loss, Sandra / Hilbe, Monika / Nuss, Karl

    BMC veterinary research

    2023  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 233

    Abstract: Background: Intestinal strangulation is constriction of the intestine by a band of tissue, ligament or blood vessel causing partial or complete intestinal obstruction. This retrospective study describes the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic ... ...

    Abstract Background: Intestinal strangulation is constriction of the intestine by a band of tissue, ligament or blood vessel causing partial or complete intestinal obstruction. This retrospective study describes the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings, treatment and outcome of 60 cows with intestinal strangulation.
    Results: The general condition was abnormal in all cows (60/60), 23.3% (14/60) had nonspecific signs of pain, 40.0% (24/60) had signs of colic and 48.3% (29/60) had signs of somatic (parietal) pain. The most common digestive tract abnormalities were, in decreasing frequency, reduced or absent intestinal motility (100%, 60/60), reduced or absent faecal output (98.3%, 59/60), reduced or absent rumen motility (93.4%, 56/60), dilated small intestines on transrectal palpation (63.3%, 38/60), positive ballottement and swinging auscultation (BSA) and/or percussion and simultaneous auscultation (PSA) on the right side of the abdomen (58.3%, 35/60) and at least one positive foreign body test, most commonly the back grip, in 33.9% (20/59) of the cows. Other common findings were reduced skin surface temperature (67.8%, 40/59), reduced skin turgor (51.7%, 31/60), prolonged capillary refill time (49.2%, 29/59), enophthalmus (48.3%, 29/60) and moderate to severe scleral injection (46.6%, 27/58). The most common laboratory findings were hypokalaemia (58.3%, 35/60), haemoconcentration (57.6%, 34/59), base excess (51.1%, 24/47), hyperproteinaemia (45.8%, 27/59), hyperbilirubinaemia (43.3%, 26/60), acidosis (42.6%, 20/47) and azotaemia (38.3%, 23/60). The principal ultrasonographic findings were subjectively reduced or absent small intestinal motility and dilated small intestines, but the strangulation could not be visualised by ultrasonography. With one exception, all cows underwent a right flank laparotomy to resolve the strangulation by transection or resection of the impinging tissue. Forty-nine (81.7%) cows were discharged and 11 (18.3%) were euthanized before, during or after surgery.
    Conclusions: Without laparotomy, intestinal strangulation could be clinically (transrectally) diagnosed in only 10% of the cows. A laparotomy is therefore essential for the correct diagnosis. The prognosis is good with prompt surgical treatment.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Cattle ; Animals ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Intestinal Obstruction/diagnostic imaging ; Intestinal Obstruction/veterinary ; Intestine, Small ; Pain/veterinary ; Treatment Outcome ; Cattle Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Cattle Diseases/surgery
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2191675-5
    ISSN 1746-6148 ; 1746-6148
    ISSN (online) 1746-6148
    ISSN 1746-6148
    DOI 10.1186/s12917-023-03797-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Small intestinal strangulation in 60 cattle – clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings, treatment and outcome

    Ueli Braun / Christian Gerspach / Sandra Loss / Monika Hilbe / Karl Nuss

    BMC Veterinary Research, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 16

    Abstract: Abstract Background Intestinal strangulation is constriction of the intestine by a band of tissue, ligament or blood vessel causing partial or complete intestinal obstruction. This retrospective study describes the clinical, laboratory and ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Intestinal strangulation is constriction of the intestine by a band of tissue, ligament or blood vessel causing partial or complete intestinal obstruction. This retrospective study describes the clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic findings, treatment and outcome of 60 cows with intestinal strangulation. Results The general condition was abnormal in all cows (60/60), 23.3% (14/60) had nonspecific signs of pain, 40.0% (24/60) had signs of colic and 48.3% (29/60) had signs of somatic (parietal) pain. The most common digestive tract abnormalities were, in decreasing frequency, reduced or absent intestinal motility (100%, 60/60), reduced or absent faecal output (98.3%, 59/60), reduced or absent rumen motility (93.4%, 56/60), dilated small intestines on transrectal palpation (63.3%, 38/60), positive ballottement and swinging auscultation (BSA) and/or percussion and simultaneous auscultation (PSA) on the right side of the abdomen (58.3%, 35/60) and at least one positive foreign body test, most commonly the back grip, in 33.9% (20/59) of the cows. Other common findings were reduced skin surface temperature (67.8%, 40/59), reduced skin turgor (51.7%, 31/60), prolonged capillary refill time (49.2%, 29/59), enophthalmus (48.3%, 29/60) and moderate to severe scleral injection (46.6%, 27/58). The most common laboratory findings were hypokalaemia (58.3%, 35/60), haemoconcentration (57.6%, 34/59), base excess (51.1%, 24/47), hyperproteinaemia (45.8%, 27/59), hyperbilirubinaemia (43.3%, 26/60), acidosis (42.6%, 20/47) and azotaemia (38.3%, 23/60). The principal ultrasonographic findings were subjectively reduced or absent small intestinal motility and dilated small intestines, but the strangulation could not be visualised by ultrasonography. With one exception, all cows underwent a right flank laparotomy to resolve the strangulation by transection or resection of the impinging tissue. Forty-nine (81.7%) cows were discharged and 11 (18.3%) were euthanized before, during or after surgery. Conclusions ...
    Keywords Cattle ; Small intestine ; Ileus ; Mechanical obstruction ; Strangulation ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
    Subject code 610 ; 630
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Positive Psychologie und Mentale Stärke im digitalen Zeitalter

    Bradt, Alexandra Charlotte / Mihailovic, Sandra / Braun, Ottmar L.

    (In: Braun, Ottmar L.; Mihailovic, Sandra (Ed.), Positive Psychologie: Digitale Vermittlung von Handlungskompetenzen und Mentaler Stärke. Gesundheit, Motivation und Leistung fördern (S. 299-308). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer)

    2023  

    Abstract: In diesem Kapitel wird ein Fazit zu den Online-Trainings von "CareerGames - spielend trainieren!" gezogen. Das Modell des Positiven Selbstmanagements gilt als bestätigt. Die Anwendung der Techniken der Positiven Psychologie und das Training der ... ...

    Title translation Positive psychology and mental toughness in the digital age (DeepL)
    Series title In: Braun, Ottmar L.; Mihailovic, Sandra (Ed.), Positive Psychologie: Digitale Vermittlung von Handlungskompetenzen und Mentaler Stärke. Gesundheit, Motivation und Leistung fördern (S. 299-308). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer
    Abstract In diesem Kapitel wird ein Fazit zu den Online-Trainings von "CareerGames - spielend trainieren!" gezogen. Das Modell des Positiven Selbstmanagements gilt als bestätigt. Die Anwendung der Techniken der Positiven Psychologie und das Training der Selbstmanagementkompetenzen führen nachweislich zu einem signifikanten Anstieg der Mentalen Stärke. Positive langfristige Folgen (z. B. Aufblühen, Glück, Arbeitsfähigkeit) steigen, negative langfristige Folgen (z. B. Burnout-Tendenz, Stress) sinken. Demzufolge sind die Online-Trainings wirksam und sowohl für Privatpersonen als auch Unternehmen empfehlenswert. Die empirische Bestätigung des Modells des Positiven Selbstmanagements wird im vorliegenden Kapitel dargestellt und zusammengefasst. Ebenso wird das Modell des Positiven Selbstmanagements und die Mentale Stärke noch einmal im Kontext der Positiven Psychologie betrachtet. Mentale Stärke ist im digitalen Zeitalter zunehmend relevant, die Steigerung der Mentalen Stärke zunehmend notwendig. Das Online-Format und die digitale Konzeption der Trainings sind innovativ und bieten zahlreiche Vorteile - für Privatpersonen und für Unternehmen. So wird in diesem Kapitel ein Fazit gezogen und ein Ausblick der Trainings von "CareerGames - spielend trainieren!" gegeben. Basierend auf dem Modell des Positiven Selbstmanagements lässt sich die Mentale Stärke im digitalen Zeitalter noch effizienter, alltagsnäher und erfolgsversprechender steigern. (c) Der/die Autor(en), exklusiv lizenziert an Springer-Verlag GmbH
    Keywords Personalschulung ; Personnel Training ; Positive Psychologie ; Positive Psychology ; Selbstkontrolltechniken ; Self-Management ; Training
    Language German
    Document type Article
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-65454-5_14
    Database PSYNDEX

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  10. Article ; Online: Analysis of RAS and drug induced homo- and heterodimerization of RAF and KSR1 proteins in living cells using split Nanoluc luciferase.

    Rohrer, Lino / Spohr, Corinna / Beha, Carina / Griffin, Ricarda / Braun, Sandra / Halbach, Sebastian / Brummer, Tilman

    Cell communication and signaling : CCS

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 136

    Abstract: The dimerization of RAF kinases represents a key event in their activation cycle and in RAS/ERK pathway activation. Genetic, biochemical and structural approaches provided key insights into this process defining RAF signaling output and the clinical ... ...

    Abstract The dimerization of RAF kinases represents a key event in their activation cycle and in RAS/ERK pathway activation. Genetic, biochemical and structural approaches provided key insights into this process defining RAF signaling output and the clinical efficacy of RAF inhibitors (RAFi). However, methods reporting the dynamics of RAF dimerization in living cells and in real time are still in their infancy. Recently, split luciferase systems have been developed for the detection of protein-protein-interactions (PPIs), incl. proof-of-concept studies demonstrating the heterodimerization of the BRAF and RAF1 isoforms. Due to their small size, the Nanoluc luciferase moieties LgBiT and SmBiT, which reconstitute a light emitting holoenzyme upon fusion partner promoted interaction, appear as well-suited to study RAF dimerization. Here, we provide an extensive analysis of the suitability of the Nanoluc system to study the homo- and heterodimerization of BRAF, RAF1 and the related KSR1 pseudokinase. We show that KRAS
    MeSH term(s) Dimerization ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; Luciferases
    Chemical Substances nanoluc (EC 1.13.12.-) ; naporafenib (15JL80DG6H) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Luciferases (EC 1.13.12.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Video-Audio Media ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2126315-2
    ISSN 1478-811X ; 1478-811X
    ISSN (online) 1478-811X
    ISSN 1478-811X
    DOI 10.1186/s12964-023-01146-9
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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