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Article ; Online: The making of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory: the project scientist's perspective.

Weisskopf, Martin C

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2010 Volume 107, Issue 16, Page(s) 7135–7140

Abstract: The history of the development of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory is reviewed from a personal perspective. This review is necessarily biased and limited by space because it attempts to cover a time span approaching five decades. ...

Abstract	The history of the development of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory is reviewed from a personal perspective. This review is necessarily biased and limited by space because it attempts to cover a time span approaching five decades.
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.0913067107
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Article: The making of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory: The project scientist's perspective

Weisskopf, Martin C

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2010 Apr. 20, v. 107, no. 16

2010

Abstract	The history of the development of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory is reviewed from a personal perspective. This review is necessarily biased and limited by space because it attempts to cover a time span approaching five decades.
Keywords	X-radiation ; scientists ; spectroscopy
Language	English
Dates of publication	2010-0420
Size	p. 7135-7140.
Publishing place	National Academy of Sciences
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.0913067107
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Article ; Online: Phenotypic screen and transcriptomics approach complement each other in functional genomics of defensive stink gland physiology.

Lehmann, Sabrina / Atika, Bibi / Grossmann, Daniela / Schmitt-Engel, Christian / Strohlein, Nadi / Majumdar, Upalparna / Richter, Tobias / Weißkopf, Matthias / Ansari, Salim / Teuscher, Matthias / Hakeemi, Muhammad Salim / Li, Jianwei / Weißbecker, Bernhard / Klingler, Martin / Bucher, Gregor / Wimmer, Ernst A

BMC genomics

2022 Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 608

Abstract: Background: Functional genomics uses unbiased systematic genome-wide gene disruption or analyzes natural variations such as gene expression profiles of different tissues from multicellular organisms to link gene functions to particular phenotypes. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Functional genomics uses unbiased systematic genome-wide gene disruption or analyzes natural variations such as gene expression profiles of different tissues from multicellular organisms to link gene functions to particular phenotypes. Functional genomics approaches are of particular importance to identify large sets of genes that are specifically important for a particular biological process beyond known candidate genes, or when the process has not been studied with genetic methods before. Results: Here, we present a large set of genes whose disruption interferes with the function of the odoriferous defensive stink glands of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. This gene set is the result of a large-scale systematic phenotypic screen using RNA interference applied in a genome-wide forward genetics manner. In this first-pass screen, 130 genes were identified, of which 69 genes could be confirmed to cause phenotypic changes in the glands upon knock-down, which vary from necrotic tissue and irregular reservoir size to irregular color or separation of the secreted gland compounds. Gene ontology analysis revealed that many of those genes are encoding enzymes (peptidases and cytochromes P450) as well as proteins involved in membrane trafficking with an enrichment in lysosome and mineral absorption pathways. The knock-down of 13 genes caused specifically a strong reduction of para-benzoquinones in the gland reservoirs, suggesting a specific function in the synthesis of these toxic compounds. Only 14 of the 69 confirmed gland genes are differentially overexpressed in stink gland tissue and thus could have been detected in a transcriptome-based analysis. However, only one out of eight genes identified by a transcriptomics approach known to cause phenotypic changes of the glands upon knock-down was recognized by this phenotypic screen, indicating the limitation of such a non-redundant first-pass screen. Conclusion: Our results indicate the importance of combining diverse and independent methodologies to identify genes necessary for the function of a certain biological tissue, as the different approaches do not deliver redundant results but rather complement each other. The presented phenotypic screen together with a transcriptomics approach are now providing a set of close to hundred genes important for odoriferous defensive stink gland physiology in beetles.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Coleoptera/genetics ; Genomics ; Phenotype ; Transcriptome ; Tribolium/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2041499-7
ISSN	1471-2164 ; 1471-2164
ISSN (online)	1471-2164
ISSN	1471-2164
DOI	10.1186/s12864-022-08822-z
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Article: Full-shell x-ray optics development at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center.

Kilaru, Kiranmayee / Ramsey, Brian D / Baumgartner, Wayne H / Bongiorno, Stephen D / Broadway, David M / Champey, Patrick R / Davis, Jacqueline M / O'Dell, Stephen L / Elsner, Ronald F / Gaskin, Jessica A / Johnson, Samantha / Kolodziejczak, Jeffery K / Roberts, Oliver J / Swartz, Douglas A / Weisskopf, Martin C

Journal of astronomical telescopes, instruments, and systems

2019 Volume 5, Issue 2

Abstract: NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) maintains an active research program toward the development of high-resolution, lightweight, grazing-incidence x-ray optics to serve the needs of future x-ray astronomy missions such as Lynx. MSFC development ... ...

Abstract	NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) maintains an active research program toward the development of high-resolution, lightweight, grazing-incidence x-ray optics to serve the needs of future x-ray astronomy missions such as Lynx. MSFC development efforts include both direct fabrication (diamond turning and deterministic computer-controlled polishing) of mirror shells and replication of mirror shells (from figured, polished mandrels). Both techniques produce full-circumference monolithic (primary + secondary) shells that share the advantages of inherent stability, ease of assembly, and low production cost. However, to achieve high-angular resolution, MSFC is exploring significant technology advances needed to control sources of figure error including fabrication- and coating-induced stresses and mounting-induced distortions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2329-4124
ISSN	2329-4124
DOI	10.1117/1.jatis.5.2.021010
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Article ; Online: Observations and findings during the development of a subnormothermic/normothermic long-term ex vivo liver perfusion machine.

Schuler, Martin J / Becker, Dustin / Mueller, Matteo / Bautista Borrego, Lucia / Mancina, Leandro / Huwyler, Florian / Binz, Jonas / Hagedorn, Catherine / Schär, Beatrice / Gygax, Erich / Weisskopf, Miriam / Sousa Da Silva, Richard Xavier / Antunes Crisóstomo, João Miguel / Dutkowski, Philipp / Rudolf von Rohr, Philipp / Clavien, Pierre-Alain / Tibbitt, Mark W / Eshmuminov, Dilmurodjon / Hefti, Max

Artificial organs

2022 Volume 47, Issue 2, Page(s) 317–329

Abstract: Background: Ex situliver machine perfusion at subnormothermic/normothermic temperature isincreasingly applied in the field of transplantation to store and evaluateorgans on the machine prior transplantation. Currently, various perfusionconcepts are in ... ...

Abstract	Background: Ex situliver machine perfusion at subnormothermic/normothermic temperature isincreasingly applied in the field of transplantation to store and evaluateorgans on the machine prior transplantation. Currently, various perfusionconcepts are in clinical and preclinical applications. Over the last 6 years ina multidisciplinary team, a novel blood based perfusion technology wasdeveloped to keep a liver alive and metabolically active outside of the bodyfor at least one week. Methods: Within thismanuscript, we present and compare three scenarios (Group 1, 2 and 3) we werefacing during our research and development (R&D) process, mainly linked tothe measurement of free hemoglobin and lactate in the blood based perfusate. Apartfrom their proven value in liver viability assessment (ex situ), these twoparameters are also helpful in R&D of a long-term liver perfusion machine and moreover supportive in the biomedical engineering process. Results: Group 1 ("good" liver on the perfusion machine) represents the best liver clearance capacity for lactate and free hemoglobin wehave observed. In contrast to Group 2 ("poor" liver on the perfusion machine), that has shown the worst clearance capacity for free hemoglobin. Astonishingly,also for Group 2, lactate is cleared till the first day of perfusion andafterwards, rising lactate values are detected due to the poor quality of theliver. These two perfusate parametersclearly highlight the impact of the organ quality/viability on the perfusion process. Whereas Group 3 is a perfusion utilizing a blood loop only (without a liver). Conclusion: Knowing the feasible ranges (upper- and lower bound) and the courseover time of free hemoglobin and lactate is helpful to evaluate the quality ofthe organ perfusion itself and the maturity of the developed perfusion device. Freehemoglobin in the perfusate is linked to the rate of hemolysis that indicates how optimizing (gentle blood handling, minimizing hemolysis) the perfusion machine actually is. Generally, a reduced lactate clearancecapacity can be an indication for technical problems linked to the blood supplyof the liver and therefore helps to monitor the perfusion experiments.Moreover, the possibility is given to compare, evaluate and optimize developed liverperfusion systems based on the given ranges for these two parameters. Otherresearch groups can compare/quantify their perfusate (blood) parameters withthe ones in this manuscript. The presented data, findings and recommendations willfinally support other researchers in developing their own perfusion machine ormodifying commercially availableperfusion devices according to their needs.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hemolysis ; Liver Transplantation ; Organ Preservation ; Liver ; Perfusion ; Lactates ; Hemoglobins
Chemical Substances	Lactates ; Hemoglobins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	441812-8
ISSN	1525-1594 ; 0160-564X
ISSN (online)	1525-1594
ISSN	0160-564X
DOI	10.1111/aor.14403
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Article ; Online: The first decade of science with Chandra and XMM-Newton.

Santos-Lleo, Maria / Schartel, Norbert / Tananbaum, Harvey / Tucker, Wallace / Weisskopf, Martin C

Nature

2009 Volume 462, Issue 7276, Page(s) 997–1004

Abstract: NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the ESA's X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) made their first observations ten years ago. The complementary capabilities of these observatories allow us to make high-resolution images and precisely measure the ... ...

Abstract	NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the ESA's X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission (XMM-Newton) made their first observations ten years ago. The complementary capabilities of these observatories allow us to make high-resolution images and precisely measure the energy of cosmic X-rays. Less than 50 years after the first detection of an extrasolar X-ray source, these observatories have achieved an increase in sensitivity comparable to going from naked-eye observations to the most powerful optical telescopes over the past 400 years. We highlight some of the many discoveries made by Chandra and XMM-Newton that have transformed twenty-first century astronomy.
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-12-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/nature08690
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Article ; Online: X-ray polarization evidence for a 200-year-old flare of Sgr A

Marin, Frédéric / Churazov, Eugene / Khabibullin, Ildar / Ferrazzoli, Riccardo / Di Gesu, Laura / Barnouin, Thibault / Di Marco, Alessandro / Middei, Riccardo / Vikhlinin, Alexey / Costa, Enrico / Soffitta, Paolo / Muleri, Fabio / Sunyaev, Rashid / Forman, William / Kraft, Ralph / Bianchi, Stefano / Donnarumma, Immacolata / Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier / Enoto, Teruaki /

Agudo, Iván / Antonelli, Lucio A / Bachetti, Matteo / Baldini, Luca / Baumgartner, Wayne H / Bellazzini, Ronaldo / Bongiorno, Stephen D / Bonino, Raffaella / Brez, Alessandro / Bucciantini, Niccolò / Capitanio, Fiamma / Castellano, Simone / Cavazzuti, Elisabetta / Chen, Chien-Ting / Ciprini, Stefano / De Rosa, Alessandra / Del Monte, Ettore / Di Lalla, Niccolò / Doroshenko, Victor / Dovčiak, Michal / Ehlert, Steven R / Evangelista, Yuri / Fabiani, Sergio / Garcia, Javier A / Gunji, Shuichi / Hayashida, Kiyoshi / Heyl, Jeremy / Ingram, Adam / Iwakiri, Wataru / Jorstad, Svetlana G / Kaaret, Philip / Karas, Vladimir / Kitaguchi, Takao / Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J / Krawczynski, Henric / La Monaca, Fabio / Latronico, Luca / Liodakis, Ioannis / Maldera, Simone / Manfreda, Alberto / Marinucci, Andrea / Marscher, Alan P / Marshall, Herman L / Massaro, Francesco / Matt, Giorgio / Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki / Mizuno, Tsunefumi / Negro, Michela / Ng, C-Y / O'Dell, Stephen L / Omodei, Nicola / Oppedisano, Chiara / Papitto, Alessandro / Pavlov, George G / Peirson, Abel L / Perri, Matteo / Pesce-Rollins, Melissa / Pilia, Maura / Possenti, Andrea / Poutanen, Juri / Puccetti, Simonetta / Ramsey, Brian D / Rankin, John / Ratheesh, Ajay / Roberts, Oliver J / Romani, Roger W / Sgrò, Carmelo / Slane, Patrick / Spandre, Gloria / Swartz, Doug / Tamagawa, Toru / Tavecchio, Fabrizio / Taverna, Roberto / Tawara, Yuzuru / Tennant, Allyn F / Thomas, Nicholas E / Tombesi, Francesco / Trois, Alessio / Tsygankov, Sergey S / Turolla, Roberto / Vink, Jacco / Weisskopf, Martin C / Wu, Kinwah / Xie, Fei / Zane, Silvia

Nature

2023 Volume 619, Issue 7968, Page(s) 41–45

Abstract: The centre of the Milky Way Galaxy hosts a black hole with a solar mass of about 4 million (Sagittarius ... ...

Abstract	The centre of the Milky Way Galaxy hosts a black hole with a solar mass of about 4 million (Sagittarius A
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-023-06064-x
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Article ; Online: Vela pulsar wind nebula X-rays are polarized to near the synchrotron limit.

Xie, Fei / Di Marco, Alessandro / La Monaca, Fabio / Liu, Kuan / Muleri, Fabio / Bucciantini, Niccolò / Romani, Roger W / Costa, Enrico / Rankin, John / Soffitta, Paolo / Bachetti, Matteo / Di Lalla, Niccolò / Fabiani, Sergio / Ferrazzoli, Riccardo / Gunji, Shuichi / Latronico, Luca / Negro, Michela / Omodei, Nicola / Pilia, Maura /

Trois, Alessio / Watanabe, Eri / Agudo, Iván / Antonelli, Lucio A / Baldini, Luca / Baumgartner, Wayne H / Bellazzini, Ronaldo / Bianchi, Stefano / Bongiorno, Stephen D / Bonino, Raffaella / Brez, Alessandro / Capitanio, Fiamma / Castellano, Simone / Cavazzuti, Elisabetta / Ciprini, Stefano / De Rosa, Alessandra / Del Monte, Ettore / Di Gesu, Laura / Donnarumma, Immacolata / Doroshenko, Victor / Dovčiak, Michal / Ehlert, Steven R / Enoto, Teruaki / Evangelista, Yuri / Garcia, Javier A / Hayashida, Kiyoshi / Heyl, Jeremy / Iwakiri, Wataru / Jorstad, Svetlana G / Karas, Vladimir / Kitaguchi, Takao / Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J / Krawczynski, Henric / Liodakis, Ioannis / Maldera, Simone / Manfreda, Alberto / Marin, Frédéric / Marinucci, Andrea / Marscher, Alan P / Marshall, Herman L / Massaro, Francesco / Matt, Giorgio / Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki / Mizuno, Tsunefumi / Ng, C-Y / O'Dell, Stephen L / Oppedisano, Chiara / Papitto, Alessandro / Pavlov, George G / Peirson, Abel L / Perri, Matteo / Pesce-Rollins, Melissa / Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier / Possenti, Andrea / Poutanen, Juri / Puccetti, Simonetta / Ramsey, Brian D / Ratheesh, Ajay / Sgró, Carmelo / Slane, Patrick / Spandre, Gloria / Tamagawa, Toru / Tavecchio, Fabrizio / Taverna, Roberto / Tawara, Yuzuru / Tennant, Allyn F / Thomas, Nicolas E / Tombesi, Francesco / Tsygankov, Sergey S / Turolla, Roberto / Vink, Jacco / Weisskopf, Martin C / Wu, Kinwah / Zane, Silvia

Nature

2022 Volume 612, Issue 7941, Page(s) 658–660

Abstract: Pulsar wind nebulae are formed when outflows of relativistic electrons and positrons hit the surrounding supernova remnant or interstellar medium at a shock front. The Vela pulsar wind nebula is powered by a young pulsar (B0833-45, aged 11,000 years) ...

Abstract	Pulsar wind nebulae are formed when outflows of relativistic electrons and positrons hit the surrounding supernova remnant or interstellar medium at a shock front. The Vela pulsar wind nebula is powered by a young pulsar (B0833-45, aged 11,000 years)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-022-05476-5
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Article ; Online: Polarized x-rays from a magnetar.

Taverna, Roberto / Turolla, Roberto / Muleri, Fabio / Heyl, Jeremy / Zane, Silvia / Baldini, Luca / González-Caniulef, Denis / Bachetti, Matteo / Rankin, John / Caiazzo, Ilaria / Di Lalla, Niccolò / Doroshenko, Victor / Errando, Manel / Gau, Ephraim / Kırmızıbayrak, Demet / Krawczynski, Henric / Negro, Michela / Ng, Mason / Omodei, Nicola /

Possenti, Andrea / Tamagawa, Toru / Uchiyama, Keisuke / Weisskopf, Martin C / Agudo, Ivan / Antonelli, Lucio A / Baumgartner, Wayne H / Bellazzini, Ronaldo / Bianchi, Stefano / Bongiorno, Stephen D / Bonino, Raffaella / Brez, Alessandro / Bucciantini, Niccolò / Capitanio, Fiamma / Castellano, Simone / Cavazzuti, Elisabetta / Ciprini, Stefano / Costa, Enrico / De Rosa, Alessandra / Del Monte, Ettore / Di Gesu, Laura / Di Marco, Alessandro / Donnarumma, Immacolata / Dovčiak, Michal / Ehlert, Steven R / Enoto, Teruaki / Evangelista, Yuri / Fabiani, Sergio / Ferrazzoli, Riccardo / Garcia, Javier A / Gunji, Shuichi / Hayashida, Kiyoshi / Iwakiri, Wataru / Jorstad, Svetlana G / Karas, Vladimir / Kitaguchi, Takao / Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J / La Monaca, Fabio / Latronico, Luca / Liodakis, Ioannis / Maldera, Simone / Manfreda, Alberto / Marin, Frédéric / Marinucci, Andrea / Marscher, Alan P / Marshall, Herman L / Matt, Giorgio / Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki / Mizuno, Tsunefumi / Ng, Stephen C-Y / O'Dell, Stephen L / Oppedisano, Chiara / Papitto, Alessandro / Pavlov, George G / Peirson, Abel L / Perri, Matteo / Pesce-Rollins, Melissa / Pilia, Maura / Poutanen, Juri / Puccetti, Simonetta / Ramsey, Brian D / Ratheesh, Ajay / Romani, Roger W / Sgrò, Carmelo / Slane, Patrick / Soffitta, Paolo / Spandre, Gloria / Tavecchio, Fabrizio / Tawara, Yuzuru / Tennant, Allyn F / Thomas, Nicholas E / Tombesi, Francesco / Trois, Alessio / Tsygankov, Sergey S / Vink, Jacco / Wu, Kinwah / Xie, Fei

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2022 Volume 378, Issue 6620, Page(s) 646–650

Abstract: Magnetars are neutron stars with ultrastrong magnetic fields, which can be observed in x-rays. Polarization measurements could provide information on their magnetic fields and surface properties. We observed polarized x-rays from the magnetar 4U 0142+61 ... ...

Abstract	Magnetars are neutron stars with ultrastrong magnetic fields, which can be observed in x-rays. Polarization measurements could provide information on their magnetic fields and surface properties. We observed polarized x-rays from the magnetar 4U 0142+61 using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer and found a linear polarization degree of 13.5 ± 0.8% averaged over the 2- to 8-kilo-electron volt band. The polarization changes with energy: The degree is 15.0 ± 1.0% at 2 to 4 kilo-electron volts, drops below the instrumental sensitivity ~4 to 5 kilo-electron volts, and rises to 35.2 ± 7.1% at 5.5 to 8 kilo-electron volts. The polarization angle also changes by 90° at ~4 to 5 kilo-electron volts. These results are consistent with a model in which thermal radiation from the magnetar surface is reprocessed by scattering off charged particles in the magnetosphere.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.add0080
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Article ; Online: Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks.

Liodakis, Ioannis / Marscher, Alan P / Agudo, Iván / Berdyugin, Andrei V / Bernardos, Maria I / Bonnoli, Giacomo / Borman, George A / Casadio, Carolina / Casanova, Vı Ctor / Cavazzuti, Elisabetta / Rodriguez Cavero, Nicole / Di Gesu, Laura / Di Lalla, Niccoló / Donnarumma, Immacolata / Ehlert, Steven R / Errando, Manel / Escudero, Juan / Garcı A-Comas, Maya / Agı S-González, Beatriz /

Husillos, César / Jormanainen, Jenni / Jorstad, Svetlana G / Kagitani, Masato / Kopatskaya, Evgenia N / Kravtsov, Vadim / Krawczynski, Henric / Lindfors, Elina / Larionova, Elena G / Madejski, Grzegorz M / Marin, Frédéric / Marchini, Alessandro / Marshall, Herman L / Morozova, Daria A / Massaro, Francesco / Masiero, Joseph R / Mawet, Dimitri / Middei, Riccardo / Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A / Myserlis, Ioannis / Negro, Michela / Nilsson, Kari / O'Dell, Stephen L / Omodei, Nicola / Pacciani, Luigi / Paggi, Alessandro / Panopoulou, Georgia V / Peirson, Abel L / Perri, Matteo / Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier / Poutanen, Juri / Puccetti, Simonetta / Romani, Roger W / Sakanoi, Takeshi / Savchenko, Sergey S / Sota, Alfredo / Tavecchio, Fabrizio / Tinyanont, Samaporn / Vasilyev, Andrey A / Weaver, Zachary R / Zhovtan, Alexey V / Antonelli, Lucio A / Bachetti, Matteo / Baldini, Luca / Baumgartner, Wayne H / Bellazzini, Ronaldo / Bianchi, Stefano / Bongiorno, Stephen D / Bonino, Raffaella / Brez, Alessandro / Bucciantini, Niccoló / Capitanio, Fiamma / Castellano, Simone / Ciprini, Stefano / Costa, Enrico / De Rosa, Alessandra / Del Monte, Ettore / Di Marco, Alessandro / Doroshenko, Victor / Dovčiak, Michal / Enoto, Teruaki / Evangelista, Yuri / Fabiani, Sergio / Ferrazzoli, Riccardo / Garcia, Javier A / Gunji, Shuichi / Hayashida, Kiyoshi / Heyl, Jeremy / Iwakiri, Wataru / Karas, Vladimir / Kitaguchi, Takao / Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J / La Monaca, Fabio / Latronico, Luca / Maldera, Simone / Manfreda, Alberto / Marinucci, Andrea / Matt, Giorgio / Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki / Mizuno, Tsunefumi / Muleri, Fabio / Ng, Stephen C-Y / Oppedisano, Chiara / Papitto, Alessandro / Pavlov, George G / Pesce-Rollins, Melissa / Pilia, Maura / Possenti, Andrea / Ramsey, Brian D / Rankin, John / Ratheesh, Ajay / Sgró, Carmelo / Slane, Patrick / Soffitta, Paolo / Spandre, Gloria / Tamagawa, Toru / Taverna, Roberto / Tawara, Yuzuru / Tennant, Allyn F / Thomas, Nicolas E / Tombesi, Francesco / Trois, Alessio / Tsygankov, Sergey / Turolla, Roberto / Vink, Jacco / Weisskopf, Martin C / Wu, Kinwah / Xie, Fei / Zane, Silvia

Nature

2022 Volume 611, Issue 7937, Page(s) 677–681

Abstract: Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to around 1 TeV. Although the jets are known to be ultimately powered by a ... ...

Abstract	Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to around 1 TeV. Although the jets are known to be ultimately powered by a supermassive black hole, how the particles are accelerated to such high energies has been an unanswered question. The process must be related to the magnetic field, which can be probed by observations of the polarization of light from the jets. Measurements of the radio to optical polarization-the only range available until now-probe extended regions of the jet containing particles that left the acceleration site days to years earlier
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-022-05338-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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