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  1. Article: New gene signatures for pediatric brain tumors: a step forward in the understanding of molecular basis of CNS PNET.

    Alelú-Paz, Raúl / Ropero, Santiago

    Translational pediatrics

    2015  Volume 2, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–4

    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-28
    Publishing country China
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2901309-4
    ISSN 2224-4344 ; 2224-4344 ; 2224-4336
    ISSN (online) 2224-4344
    ISSN 2224-4344 ; 2224-4336
    DOI 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2012.10.02
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  2. Article ; Online: Rethinking the Epigenetic Framework to Unravel the Molecular Pathology of Schizophrenia.

    Cariaga-Martinez, Ariel / Alelú-Paz, Raúl

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2017  Volume 18, Issue 4

    Abstract: Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder whose causes are still far from being known. Although researchers have focused on genetic or environmental contributions to the disease, we still lack a scientific framework that joins molecular and clinical ... ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder whose causes are still far from being known. Although researchers have focused on genetic or environmental contributions to the disease, we still lack a scientific framework that joins molecular and clinical findings. Epigenetic can explain how environmental variables may affect gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence. In fact, neuroepigenomics represents an effort to unify the research available on the molecular pathology of mental diseases, which has been carried out through several approaches ranging from interrogating single DNA methylation events and hydroxymethylation patterns, to epigenome-wide association studies, as well as studying post-translational modifications of histones, or nucleosomal positioning. The high dependence on tissues with epigenetic marks compels scientists to refine their sampling procedures, and in this review, we will focus on findings obtained from brain tissue. Despite our efforts, we still need to refine our hypothesis generation process to obtain real knowledge from a neuroepigenomic framework, to avoid the creation of more noise on this innovative point of view; this may help us to definitively unravel the molecular pathology of severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia.
    MeSH term(s) DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics/methods ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Organ Specificity ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Schizophrenia/genetics
    Chemical Substances Histones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017--07
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms18040790
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  3. Article ; Online: The Vast Complexity of the Epigenetic Landscape during Neurodevelopment: An Open Frame to Understanding Brain Function.

    Cariaga-Martínez, Ariel Ernesto / Gutiérrez, Kilian Jesús / Alelú-Paz, Raúl

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2018  Volume 19, Issue 5

    Abstract: Development is a well-defined stage-to-stage process that allows the coordination and maintenance of the structure and function of cells and their progenitors, in a complete organism embedded in an environment that, in turn, will shape cellular responses ...

    Abstract Development is a well-defined stage-to-stage process that allows the coordination and maintenance of the structure and function of cells and their progenitors, in a complete organism embedded in an environment that, in turn, will shape cellular responses to external stimuli. Epigenetic mechanisms comprise a group of process that regulate genetic expression without changing the DNA sequence, and they contribute to the necessary plasticity of individuals to face a constantly changing medium. These mechanisms act in conjunction with genetic pools and their correct interactions will be crucial to zygote formation, embryo development, and brain tissue organization. In this work, we will summarize the main findings related to DNA methylation and histone modifications in embryonic stem cells and throughout early development phases. Furthermore, we will critically outline some key observations on how epigenetic mechanisms influence the rest of the developmental process and how long its footprint is extended from fecundation to adulthood.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Brain/embryology ; Brain/physiology ; DNA Methylation ; Embryonic Development/genetics ; Environmental Exposure ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Neurogenesis/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/metabolism ; Stress, Physiological
    Chemical Substances Histones ; RNA, Untranslated
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms19051333
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  4. Article ; Online: Rethinking schizophrenia through the lens of evolution

    Ariel Cariaga-Martinez / Kilian Gutiérrez / Raúl Alelú-Paz

    Research Ideas and Outcomes, Vol 4, Iss , Pp 1-

    shedding light on the enigma

    2018  Volume 20

    Abstract: Schizophrenia refers to a complex psychiatric illness characterized by the heterogenic presence of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms occurring in all human societies. The fact that the disorder lacks a unifying neuropathology, presents a ... ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia refers to a complex psychiatric illness characterized by the heterogenic presence of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms occurring in all human societies. The fact that the disorder lacks a unifying neuropathology, presents a decreased fecundity of the affected individuals and has a cross-culturally stable incidence rate, makes it necessary for an evolutionary explanation that fully accounts for the preservation of “schizophrenic genes” in the global human genepool, explaining the potential sex differences and the heterogeneous cognitive symptomatology of the disorder and is consistent with the neuropsychological, developmental and evolutionary findings regarding the human brain. Here we proposed a new evolutionary framework for schizophrenia that is consistent with findings presented in different dimensions, considering the disorder as a form of brain functioning that allows us to adapt to the environment and, ultimately, maintain the survival of the species. We focus on the epigenetic regulation of thalamic interneurons as a major player involved in the development of the clinical picture characteristic of schizophrenia.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Subject code 501
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Pensoft Publishers
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article: From Linkage Studies to Epigenetics: What We Know and What We Need to Know in the Neurobiology of Schizophrenia.

    Cariaga-Martinez, Ariel / Saiz-Ruiz, Jerónimo / Alelú-Paz, Raúl

    Frontiers in neuroscience

    2016  Volume 10, Page(s) 202

    Abstract: Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms that lacks a unifying neuropathology. In the present paper, we will review the current understanding of molecular dysregulation in ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms that lacks a unifying neuropathology. In the present paper, we will review the current understanding of molecular dysregulation in schizophrenia, including genetic and epigenetic studies. In relation to the latter, basic research suggests that normal cognition is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and its dysfunction occurs upon epigenetic misregulation, providing new insights into missing heritability of complex psychiatric diseases, referring to the discrepancy between epidemiological heritability and the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by DNA sequence difference. In schizophrenia the absence of consistently replicated genetic effects together with evidence for lasting changes in gene expression after environmental exposures suggest a role of epigenetic mechanisms. In this review we will focus on epigenetic modifications as a key mechanism through which environmental factors interact with individual's genetic constitution to affect risk of psychotic conditions throughout life.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2411902-7
    ISSN 1662-453X ; 1662-4548
    ISSN (online) 1662-453X
    ISSN 1662-4548
    DOI 10.3389/fnins.2016.00202
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  6. Article ; Online: The Vast Complexity of the Epigenetic Landscape during Neurodevelopment

    Ariel Ernesto Cariaga-Martínez / Kilian Jesús Gutiérrez / Raúl Alelú-Paz

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 19, Iss 5, p

    An Open Frame to Understanding Brain Function

    2018  Volume 1333

    Abstract: Development is a well-defined stage-to-stage process that allows the coordination and maintenance of the structure and function of cells and their progenitors, in a complete organism embedded in an environment that, in turn, will shape cellular responses ...

    Abstract Development is a well-defined stage-to-stage process that allows the coordination and maintenance of the structure and function of cells and their progenitors, in a complete organism embedded in an environment that, in turn, will shape cellular responses to external stimuli. Epigenetic mechanisms comprise a group of process that regulate genetic expression without changing the DNA sequence, and they contribute to the necessary plasticity of individuals to face a constantly changing medium. These mechanisms act in conjunction with genetic pools and their correct interactions will be crucial to zygote formation, embryo development, and brain tissue organization. In this work, we will summarize the main findings related to DNA methylation and histone modifications in embryonic stem cells and throughout early development phases. Furthermore, we will critically outline some key observations on how epigenetic mechanisms influence the rest of the developmental process and how long its footprint is extended from fecundation to adulthood.
    Keywords epigenetic ; development ; neuroepigenome ; DNA methylation ; histone modifications ; brain ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Rethinking schizophrenia through the lens of evolution: shedding light on the enigma

    Cariaga-Martinez, Ariel Ernesto / Gutiérrez, Kilian Jesús / Alelú-Paz, Raúl

    Research Ideas and Outcomes. 2018 July 19, v. 4

    2018  

    Abstract: Schizophrenia refers to a complex psychiatric illness characterized by the heterogenic presence of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms occurring in all human societies. The fact that the disorder lacks a unifying neuropathology, presents a ... ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia refers to a complex psychiatric illness characterized by the heterogenic presence of positive, negative and cognitive symptoms occurring in all human societies. The fact that the disorder lacks a unifying neuropathology, presents a decreased fecundity of the affected individuals and has a cross-culturally stable incidence rate, makes it necessary for an evolutionary explanation that fully accounts for the preservation of “schizophrenic genes” in the global human genepool, explaining the potential sex differences and the heterogeneous cognitive symptomatology of the disorder and is consistent with the neuropsychological, developmental and evolutionary findings regarding the human brain. Here we proposed a new evolutionary framework for schizophrenia that is consistent with findings presented in different dimensions, considering the disorder as a form of brain functioning that allows us to adapt to the environment and, ultimately, maintain the survival of the species. We focus on the epigenetic regulation of thalamic interneurons as a major player involved in the development of the clinical picture characteristic of schizophrenia.
    Keywords brain ; cognition ; epigenetics ; evolution ; fecundity ; gene pool ; humans ; interneurons ; neuropathology ; research ; schizophrenia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2018-0719
    Publishing place Pensoft Publishers
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2833254-4
    ISSN 2367-7163
    ISSN 2367-7163
    DOI 10.3897/rio.4.e28459
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and signal transduction pathways: a close relationship in malignant gliomas pathophysiology.

    Alelú-Paz, Raúl / Ashour, Nadia / González-Corpas, Ana / Ropero, Santiago

    Journal of signal transduction

    2012  Volume 2012, Page(s) 956958

    Abstract: Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor. Although tremendous progress has been achieved in the recent years in the diagnosis and treatment, its molecular etiology remains unknown. In this regard, epigenetics represents a new approach to ... ...

    Abstract Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor. Although tremendous progress has been achieved in the recent years in the diagnosis and treatment, its molecular etiology remains unknown. In this regard, epigenetics represents a new approach to study the mechanisms that control gene expression and function without changing the sequence of the genome. In the present paper we describe the main findings about the alterations of cell signaling pathways in the most aggressive glioma in the adult population, namely, glioblastoma, in which epigenetic mechanisms and the emerging role of cancer stem cell play a crucial function in the development of new biomarkers for its detection and prognosis and the corresponding development of new pharmacological strategies.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-07-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2582328-0
    ISSN 2090-1747 ; 2090-1739
    ISSN (online) 2090-1747
    ISSN 2090-1739
    DOI 10.1155/2012/956958
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  9. Article ; Online: Human endogenous retroviruses

    Ignacio Iturrieta-Zuazo / Raúl Alelú-Paz

    Open Journal of Genetics , Vol 02, Iss 01, Pp 70-

    Their possible role in the molecular etiology of the schizophrenia

    2012  Volume 76

    Abstract: Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent footprints of previous retroviral infections. They are integrated within the human germ line and constitute approximately 8% of our genome. They have the potential to harm, given their capacity to alter the ...

    Abstract Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent footprints of previous retroviral infections. They are integrated within the human germ line and constitute approximately 8% of our genome. They have the potential to harm, given their capacity to alter the cellular metabolism, and could be involved in various pathological processes. This revision intends to highlight the importance of HERVs in health and disease, and the increasing interest of the scientific community in their biology. In this overview, we will present a brief summary of the structure and physiological function of HERVs and an analysis of their role in schizophrenia, a paradigm of mental illness, particularly stressing the importance of HERV research to explore the more basic mechanisms disrupted in this psychiatric condition.
    Keywords HERVs ; Schizophrenia ; Molecular Biology ; Genetics ; QH426-470 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Genetics ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
    Subject code 501
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Scientific Research Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: The mediodorsal thalamic nucleus and schizophrenia.

    Alelú-Paz, Raúl / Giménez-Amaya, José Manuel

    Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN

    2008  Volume 33, Issue 6, Page(s) 489–498

    Abstract: The mediodorsal nucleus of the human thalamus is in a crucial position that allows it to establish connections with diverse cerebral structures, particularly the prefrontal cortex. The present review examines existing neurobiologic studies of the brains ... ...

    Abstract The mediodorsal nucleus of the human thalamus is in a crucial position that allows it to establish connections with diverse cerebral structures, particularly the prefrontal cortex. The present review examines existing neurobiologic studies of the brains of people with and without schizophrenia that indicate a possible involvement of the mediodorsal nucleus in this psychiatric disorder. Studies at synaptic and cellular levels of the neurobiology of the mediodorsal nucleus, together with a better anatomic understanding of this diencephalic structure owing to neuroimaging studies, should help to establish a more deep and solid pathophysiologic model of schizophrenia.
    MeSH term(s) Afferent Pathways/pathology ; Biogenic Monoamines/metabolism ; Cognition/physiology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus/chemistry ; Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus/metabolism ; Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus/pathology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/metabolism ; Schizophrenia/pathology ; Schizophrenic Psychology
    Chemical Substances Biogenic Monoamines ; Nerve Tissue Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-11
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1077443-9
    ISSN 1488-2434 ; 1180-4882
    ISSN (online) 1488-2434
    ISSN 1180-4882
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