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  1. Article ; Online: Living Bioelectrochemical Composites.

    McCuskey, Samantha R / Su, Yude / Leifert, Dirk / Moreland, Alex S / Bazan, Guillermo C

    Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

    2020  Volume 32, Issue 24, Page(s) e1908178

    Abstract: Composites, in which two or more material elements are combined to provide properties unattainable by single components, have a historical record dating to ancient times. Few include a living microbial community as a key design element. A logical basis ... ...

    Abstract Composites, in which two or more material elements are combined to provide properties unattainable by single components, have a historical record dating to ancient times. Few include a living microbial community as a key design element. A logical basis for enabling bioelectronic composites stems from the phenomenon that certain microorganisms transfer electrons to external surfaces, such as an electrode. A bioelectronic composite that allows cells to be addressed beyond the confines of an electrode surface can impact bioelectrochemical technologies, including microbial fuel cells for power production and bioelectrosynthesis platforms where microbes produce desired chemicals. It is shown that the conjugated polyelectrolyte CPE-K functions as a conductive matrix to electronically connect a three-dimensional network of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to a gold electrode, thereby increasing biocurrent ≈150-fold over control biofilms. These biocomposites spontaneously assemble from solution into an intricate arrangement of cells within a conductive polymer matrix. While increased biocurrent is due to more cells in communication with the electrode, the current extracted per cell is also enhanced, indicating efficient long-range electron transport. Further, the biocomposites show almost an order-of-magnitude lower charge transfer resistance than CPE-K alone, supporting the idea that the electroactive bacteria and the conjugated polyelectrolyte work synergistically toward an effective bioelectronic composite.
    MeSH term(s) Biofilms ; Biotechnology ; Electrochemistry ; Electrodes ; Electron Transport ; Gold/chemistry ; Shewanella/chemistry ; Shewanella/metabolism ; Shewanella/physiology
    Chemical Substances Gold (7440-57-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-29
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1474949-X
    ISSN 1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
    ISSN (online) 1521-4095
    ISSN 0935-9648
    DOI 10.1002/adma.201908178
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  2. Article ; Online: Anaerobic Respiration on Self-Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Impact of Chemical Structure.

    Kirchhofer, Nathan D / McCuskey, Samantha R / Mai, Cheng-Kang / Bazan, Guillermo C

    Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

    2017  Volume 56, Issue 23, Page(s) 6519–6522

    Abstract: ... that the addition of S. oneidensis MR-1 leads to the disappearance of the polaron (radical cation) band at >900 nm ... generated by S. oneidensis MR-1 with addition of the self-doped CPE relative to other CPEs and controls ...

    Abstract We probe anaerobic respiration of bacteria in the presence of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). Three different CPEs were used to probe how structural variations impact biocurrent generation from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. For the self-doped anionic CPE only, absorption spectroscopy shows that the addition of S. oneidensis MR-1 leads to the disappearance of the polaron (radical cation) band at >900 nm and an increase in the band at 735 nm due to the neutral species, consistent with electron transfer from microbe to polymer. Microbial three-electrode electrochemical cells (M3Cs) show an increase in the current generated by S. oneidensis MR-1 with addition of the self-doped CPE relative to other CPEs and controls. These experiments combined with in situ cyclic voltammetry suggest that the doped CPE facilitates electron transport to electrodes and reveal structure-function relationships relevant to developing materials for biotic/abiotic interfaces.
    MeSH term(s) Anaerobiosis ; Electrodes ; Electron Transport ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Molecular Structure ; Polyelectrolytes/chemistry ; Shewanella/metabolism ; Shewanella/ultrastructure
    Chemical Substances Polyelectrolytes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-04-26
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2011836-3
    ISSN 1521-3773 ; 1433-7851
    ISSN (online) 1521-3773
    ISSN 1433-7851
    DOI 10.1002/anie.201701964
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  3. Article: Edward H. Bloch, M.D., Ph.D. Pioneer in the microscopic study of, and the microcirculation of, living tissues and organs.

    McCuskey, R S

    Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)

    2001  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–3

    Abstract: Edward H. Bloch, M.D., Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, died 3 November 2000 in Cleveland, Ohio at the age of 86. Known to his friends as "Maxl," he will be greatly missed by his friends, ... ...

    Abstract Edward H. Bloch, M.D., Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, died 3 November 2000 in Cleveland, Ohio at the age of 86. Known to his friends as "Maxl," he will be greatly missed by his friends, colleagues and former students.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Microcirculation/anatomy & histology ; Microcirculation/physiology ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2001-03-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Portrait
    ZDB-ID 1217758-1
    ISSN 1549-8719 ; 1073-9688
    ISSN (online) 1549-8719
    ISSN 1073-9688
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  4. Article: In memoriam. Edward H. Bloch (1914-2000). Pioneer in the microscopic study of and the microcirulation of living tissues and organs.

    McCuskey, R S

    Microvascular research

    2000  Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 149–151

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Microcirculation/anatomy & histology ; Microcirculation/physiology ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-11-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Portrait
    ZDB-ID 80307-8
    ISSN 1095-9319 ; 0026-2862
    ISSN (online) 1095-9319
    ISSN 0026-2862
    DOI 10.1006/mvre.2000.2300
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  5. Article: Morphological mechanisms for regulating blood flow through hepatic sinusoids.

    McCuskey, R S

    Liver

    2000  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 3–7

    Abstract: This review summarizes what is known about the various morphological sites that regulate the distribution of blood flow to and from the sinusoids in the hepatic microvascular system. These sites potentially include the various segments of the afferent ... ...

    Abstract This review summarizes what is known about the various morphological sites that regulate the distribution of blood flow to and from the sinusoids in the hepatic microvascular system. These sites potentially include the various segments of the afferent portal venules and hepatic arterioles, the sinusoids themselves, and central and hepatic venules. Given the paucity of smooth muscle in the walls of these vessels, various sinusoidal lining cells have been suggested to play a role in regulating the diameters of sinusoids and influencing the distribution and velocity of blood flow in these vessels. While sinusoidal endothelial cells have been demonstrated to be contractile and to exhibit sphincter function, attention has recently focused on the perisinusoidal stellate cell as the cell responsible for controlling the sinusoidal diameter. A very recent study, however, suggested that the principal site of vasoconstriction elicited by ET-1 was the pre-terminal portal venule. This raised the question of whether or not the diameters of sinusoids might decrease due to passive recoil when inflow is reduced or eliminated and intra-sinusoidal pressure falls. In more recent in vivo microscopic studies, clamping of the portal vein dramatically reduced sinusoidal blood flow as well as the diameters of sinusoids. The sinusoidal lumens rapidly returned to their initial diameters upon restoration of portal blood flow suggesting that sinusoidal blood pressure normally distends the sinusoidal wall which can recoil when the pressure drops. Stellate cells may be responsible for this reaction given the nature of their attachment to parenchymal cells by obliquely oriented microprojections from the lateral edges of their subendothelial processes. This suggests that care must be exercised when interpreting the mechanism for the reduction of sinusoidal diameters following drug administration without knowledge of changes occurring to the portal venous and hepatic inflow.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Endothelium, Vascular/physiology ; Hepatic Artery/physiology ; Hepatic Veins/physiology ; Humans ; Liver/blood supply ; Liver Circulation/physiology ; Microcirculation/physiology ; Portal Vein/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2000-02
    Publishing country Denmark
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604495-5
    ISSN 1600-0676 ; 0106-9543
    ISSN (online) 1600-0676
    ISSN 0106-9543
    DOI 10.1034/j.1600-0676.2000.020001003.x
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  6. Article: Hepatic and splanchnic microvascular responses to inflammation and shock.

    McCuskey, R S

    Hepato-gastroenterology

    1999  Volume 46 Suppl 2, Page(s) 1464–1467

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Kupffer Cells/physiology ; Liver Circulation ; Microcirculation ; Nitric Oxide/physiology ; Splanchnic Circulation ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/immunology ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/physiopathology
    Chemical Substances Inflammation Mediators ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-06
    Publishing country Greece
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 801013-4
    ISSN 0172-6390
    ISSN 0172-6390
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  7. Article: In vivo microscopy of the exocrine pancreas.

    McCuskey, R S

    Microscopy research and technique

    1997  Volume 37, Issue 5-6, Page(s) 450–455

    Abstract: Light microscopic studies of the living acinar pancreas, although limited in number, have revealed valuable information concerning dynamic aspects of microvascular and parenchymal structure and function. For example, it has been found that: 1) the living ...

    Abstract Light microscopic studies of the living acinar pancreas, although limited in number, have revealed valuable information concerning dynamic aspects of microvascular and parenchymal structure and function. For example, it has been found that: 1) the living organ in anesthetized animals can be imaged with a resolution approaching the limit of the light microscope; 2) blood flow through individual capillaries in the exocrine pancreas is intermittent; 3) blood flow through these capillaries is regulated locally by smooth muscle precapillary sphincters and within individual capillaries by endothelial cells which are spontaneously contractile as well as responsive to vasoactive substances; and 4) the formation and release of zymogen granules occurs within 45-90 minutes in acinar cells stimulated with pancreozymin. This paper reviews these studies and some of the methods used to obtain them.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blood Circulation/physiology ; Capillaries/anatomy & histology ; Capillaries/physiology ; Cholecystokinin/pharmacology ; Endothelium/cytology ; Endothelium/physiology ; Enzyme Precursors/metabolism ; Mice ; Microcirculation/anatomy & histology ; Microcirculation/physiology ; Microscopy/methods ; Muscle, Smooth/cytology ; Muscle, Smooth/physiology ; Pancreas/anatomy & histology ; Pancreas/blood supply ; Pancreas/physiology
    Chemical Substances Enzyme Precursors ; Cholecystokinin (9011-97-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1997-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1099714-3
    ISSN 1097-0029 ; 1059-910X
    ISSN (online) 1097-0029
    ISSN 1059-910X
    DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970601)37:5/6<450::AID-JEMT8>3.0.CO;2-H
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  8. Article: Does a toxic gas regulate hepatic sinusoidal blood flow?

    McCuskey, R S

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    1995  Volume 96, Issue 5, Page(s) 2099

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Carbon Monoxide/metabolism ; Liver/blood supply ; Rats ; Regional Blood Flow/physiology
    Chemical Substances Carbon Monoxide (7U1EE4V452)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1995-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Editorial
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI118259
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  9. Article: Dietary steatotic liver attenuates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice.

    Ito, Yoshiya / Abril, Edward R / Bethea, Nancy W / McCuskey, Margaret K / McCuskey, Robert S

    Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)

    2006  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 19–27

    Abstract: Objective: To determine whether hepatic steatosis is susceptible to acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity.: Methods: Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed a "Western-style" diet (high fat and high carbohydrate) for 4 months to develop severe hepatic steatosis ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To determine whether hepatic steatosis is susceptible to acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity.
    Methods: Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed a "Western-style" diet (high fat and high carbohydrate) for 4 months to develop severe hepatic steatosis with mild increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. These were compared to mice fed a standard chow diet.
    Results: Treatment with APAP (300 mg/kg, orally) to mice fed a regular chow increased ALT levels (519-fold) and caused hepatic centrilobular injury at 6 h. APAP increased hepatic cytochrome-P (CYP)-2E1 mRNA levels (17-fold). In vivo microscopic studies showed that APAP caused a 30% decrease in sinusoidal perfusion and the infiltration of red blood cells into the space of Disse. Electron microscopy demonstrated that numerous gaps were formed in sinusoidal endothelial cells. Mice fed the "Western-style" diet were protected from APAP hepatotoxicity as evidenced by 89% decrease in ALT levels and less centrilobular injury, which was associated with 42% decrease in CYP2E1 mRNA levels. The APAP-induced liver microcirculatory dysfunction was minimized in mice fed the "Western-style" diet.
    Conclusions: These results suggest that hepatic steatosis elicited by the "Western-style" diet attenuated APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting CYP2E1 induction and by minimizing sinusoidal endothelial cell injury, leading to protection of liver microcirculation.
    MeSH term(s) Acetaminophen/pharmacology ; Acetaminophen/toxicity ; Alanine Transaminase/biosynthesis ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology ; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/toxicity ; Animals ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/enzymology ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/etiology ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/pathology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/biosynthesis ; Diet, Atherogenic ; Endothelial Cells/enzymology ; Endothelial Cells/ultrastructure ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Fatty Liver/enzymology ; Fatty Liver/etiology ; Fatty Liver/pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects ; Liver/blood supply ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver/ultrastructure ; Male ; Mice
    Chemical Substances Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ; Acetaminophen (362O9ITL9D) ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 (EC 1.14.13.-) ; Alanine Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1217758-1
    ISSN 1549-8719 ; 1073-9688
    ISSN (online) 1549-8719
    ISSN 1073-9688
    DOI 10.1080/10739680500383423
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  10. Article ; Online: Hepatic microcirculation in fatty liver disease.

    Farrell, Geoff C / Teoh, N C / McCuskey, R S

    Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)

    2008  Volume 291, Issue 6, Page(s) 684–692

    Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of steatosis, is associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance. With more severe risk factors (obesity, type 2 diabetes [T2D], metabolic syndrome), steatosis may be complicated by ... ...

    Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common cause of steatosis, is associated with visceral obesity and insulin resistance. With more severe risk factors (obesity, type 2 diabetes [T2D], metabolic syndrome), steatosis may be complicated by hepatocellular injury and liver inflammation (steatohepatitis or NASH). NASH can lead to perisinusoidal fibrosis and cirrhosis. Fat-laden hepatocytes are swollen, and in steatohepatitis, further swelling occurs due to hydropic change (ballooning) of hepatocytes to cause sinusoidal distortion, as visualized by in vivo microscopy, reducing intrasinusoidal volume and microvascular blood flow. Involvement of other cell types (sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, stellate cells) and recruitment of inflammatory cells and platelets lead to dysregulation of microvascular blood flow. In animal models, the net effect of such changes is a marked reduction of sinusoidal space (approximately 50% of control), and a decrease in the number of normally perfused sinusoids. Such microvascular damage could accentuate further liver injury and disease progression in NASH. The fatty liver is also exquisitely sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury, at least partly due to the propensity of unsaturated fatty acids to undergo lipid peroxidation in the face of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This has important clinical consequences, particularly limiting the use of fatty donor livers for transplantation. In this review, we discuss available data about the effects of steatosis and steatohepatitis on the hepatic microvascular structure and sinusoidal blood flow, highlighting areas for future investigation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Liver/etiology ; Fatty Liver/pathology ; Fatty Liver/physiopathology ; Hepatitis/etiology ; Hepatitis/pathology ; Hepatitis/physiopathology ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver Circulation ; Liver Transplantation/adverse effects ; Liver Transplantation/pathology ; Macrophages/physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/pathology ; Microcirculation/physiopathology ; Rats ; Tissue Donors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2008-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2269667-2
    ISSN 1932-8494 ; 1932-8486
    ISSN (online) 1932-8494
    ISSN 1932-8486
    DOI 10.1002/ar.20715
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