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  1. Article ; Online: 'Ending AIDS' between comparison and commensuration and the role of global health indicators.

    Sandset, Tony

    Global public health

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 2312435

    Abstract: The use of targets and indicators in global health has become ubiquitous within global health and disease elimination programmes. The drive to 'end AIDS' has become a global flagship endeavour, including nation-states, donor organisations, NGOs, ... ...

    Abstract The use of targets and indicators in global health has become ubiquitous within global health and disease elimination programmes. The drive to 'end AIDS' has become a global flagship endeavour, including nation-states, donor organisations, NGOs, pharmaceutical companies, medical researchers, and activists. Almost synonymous with the campaign of ending AIDS is UNAIDS' 90-90-90 targets. Beyond indicators' role in neoliberal global health, an essential aspect of indicators and quantitative metrics is their ability to provide a basis for measurements and comparability across time and between different actors and entities. These processes are based on what has been called, commensuration, visual simplification, and serialisation. This article seeks to provide an account of how we can think about indicators in the drive to end AIDS as doing work that is contingent upon commensuration, simplification, and serialisation. The argument is that by attending to issues of commensuration, visual simplification, and serialisation we are better able to see how we risk erasing and foreclosing other forms of conceptualising what the end of AIDS could be. Logics of quantification risks erasing and foreclosing other qualitative aspects of the HIV epidemic as well as obscuring various epistemological tensions inherent in counting towards the end of AIDS.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control ; Global Health ; Disease Eradication ; Epidemics ; Benchmarking ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2234129-8
    ISSN 1744-1706 ; 1744-1706
    ISSN (online) 1744-1706
    ISSN 1744-1706
    DOI 10.1080/17441692.2024.2312435
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  2. Article ; Online: The necropolitics of COVID-19: Race, class and slow death in an ongoing pandemic.

    Sandset, Tony

    Global public health

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 8-9, Page(s) 1411–1423

    Abstract: Achille Mbembe states that 'the ultimate expression of sovereignty resides, to a large degree, in the power and the capacity to dictate who may live and who must die […]. To exercise sovereignty is to exercise control over mortality and to define life as ...

    Abstract Achille Mbembe states that 'the ultimate expression of sovereignty resides, to a large degree, in the power and the capacity to dictate who may live and who must die […]. To exercise sovereignty is to exercise control over mortality and to define life as the deployment and manifestation of power' (Mbembe, 2003. Necropolitics.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/ethnology ; COVID-19/mortality ; Continental Population Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Health Status Disparities ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Politics ; Social Class ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2234129-8
    ISSN 1744-1706 ; 1744-1692
    ISSN (online) 1744-1706
    ISSN 1744-1692
    DOI 10.1080/17441692.2021.1906927
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  3. Article ; Online: The ethical and epistemological pitfalls of translating phylogenetic HIV testing

    Tony Sandset

    Humanities & Social Sciences Communications, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    from patient-centered care to surveillance

    2020  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract In both HIV science and public health policy, efforts to end the HIV epidemic are increasingly focusing on molecular HIV surveillance as a helpful tool for identifying, intervening in and controlling the disease. HIV surveillance is meant to ... ...

    Abstract Abstract In both HIV science and public health policy, efforts to end the HIV epidemic are increasingly focusing on molecular HIV surveillance as a helpful tool for identifying, intervening in and controlling the disease. HIV surveillance is meant to identify clusters of genetically similar viral strains in near real-time in communities and areas where transmissions occur, and then to intervene by means of enhanced public health approaches. This article critically engages with how molecular HIV surveillance—a practice and technology portrayed as a benign public health intervention—empties and purifies many of the social and political contexts of HIV transmissions. McClelland et al. (Crit Public Health 1–7, 2019) see the rise of molecular HIV surveillance as a form of “repurposing” of clinical phylogenetic testing done in the context of HIV care. In this article, I argue that this so-called repurposing can be understood as a form of “translation”. Looking at how phylogenetic HIV testing has been translated from clinical, patient-centered use to a form of molecular HIV surveillance, I seek to map some of the potential ethical and epistemological pitfalls of such a translational process. More specifically, I look at the unintended consequences of translating a particular evidence-based practice—phylogenetic HIV testing—from one usage to another. To this end, I engage with Michel Foucault and his work on the biopower of medicine, exploring how such power disciplines subjects into undergoing a form of medical surveillance that influences norms and behaviors. Ultimately, I argue that the translation of phylogenetic testing from patient-centered care in the clinic to a form of epidemiological surveillance needs to be critically examined in order to avoid ethical and potentially detrimental consequences for HIV-affected communities.
    Keywords History of scholarship and learning. The humanities ; AZ20-999 ; Social Sciences ; H
    Subject code 170
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Springer Nature
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Pandemic modelling and model citizens: Governing COVID-19 through predictive models, sovereignty and discipline.

    Sandset, Tony / Villadsen, Kaspar

    The Sociological review

    2022  Volume 71, Issue 3, Page(s) 624–641

    Abstract: Pandemic modelling functions as a means of producing evidence of potential events and as an instrument of intervention that Tim Rhodes and colleagues describe as entangling science into social practices, calculations into materializations, abstracts into ...

    Abstract Pandemic modelling functions as a means of producing evidence of potential events and as an instrument of intervention that Tim Rhodes and colleagues describe as entangling science into social practices, calculations into materializations, abstracts into effects and models into society. This article seeks to show how a model society evinced through mathematical models produces a model not only for society but also for citizens, showing them how to act in a certain
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1482764-5
    ISSN 1467-954X ; 0038-0261
    ISSN (online) 1467-954X
    ISSN 0038-0261
    DOI 10.1177/00380261221102023
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  5. Article ; Online: What kind of a problem is loneliness? Representations of connectedness and participation from a study of telepresence technologies in the UK.

    Hughes, Gemma / Moore, Lucy / Hennessy, Megan / Sandset, Tony / Jentoft, Elian E / Haldar, Marit

    Frontiers in digital health

    2024  Volume 6, Page(s) 1304085

    Abstract: Loneliness is represented in UK policy as a public health problem with consequences in terms of individual suffering, population burden and service use. However, loneliness is historically and culturally produced; manifestations of loneliness and social ... ...

    Abstract Loneliness is represented in UK policy as a public health problem with consequences in terms of individual suffering, population burden and service use. However, loneliness is historically and culturally produced; manifestations of loneliness and social isolation also require social and cultural analysis. We explored meanings of loneliness and social isolation in the UK 2020-2022 and considered what the solutions of telepresence technologies reveal about the problems they are used to address. Through qualitative methods we traced the introduction and use of two telepresence technologies and representations of these, and other technologies, in policy and UK media. Our dataset comprises interviews, fieldnotes, policy documents, grey literature and newspaper articles. We found loneliness was represented as a problem of individual human connection and of collective participation in social life, with technology understood as having the potential to enhance and inhibit connections and participation. Technologically-mediated connections were frequently perceived as inferior to in-person contact, particularly in light of the enforced social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that addressing loneliness requires attending to other, related, health and social problems and introducing technological solutions requires integration into the complex social and organisational dynamics that shape technology adoption. We conclude that loneliness is primarily understood as a painful lack of co-presence, no longer regarded as simply a subjective experience, but as a social and policy problem demanding resolution.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2673-253X
    ISSN (online) 2673-253X
    DOI 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1304085
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  6. Article ; Online: Putting the NHS England on trial: uncertainty-as-power, evidence and the controversy of PrEP in England.

    Nagington, Maurice / Sandset, Tony

    Medical humanities

    2020  Volume 46, Issue 3, Page(s) 176–179

    Abstract: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (Truvada) is a medication which if taken correctly is almost entirely effective in preventing HIV infection. In regions and countries where it has been widely taken up, HIV seroconversion rates have significantly decreased. ...

    Abstract Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (Truvada) is a medication which if taken correctly is almost entirely effective in preventing HIV infection. In regions and countries where it has been widely taken up, HIV seroconversion rates have significantly decreased. Alongside testing and treatment, it offers the very real prospect of ending HIV infections. However, in England, commissioning it has (and still is) a controversial process, where NHS England has repeatedly raised supposed 'uncertainties', first legal and then scientific. The same has not happened in Scotland, where PrEP was commissioned to anyone who needed it in April 2017. This article presents a close reading of the IMPACT trial protocol, which we conclude cannot answer the questions it sets out to answer. We then suggest that the uncertainties the trial claims to address are in fact a tool of power which is deployed to strategically ration healthcare; introduce uncertainty about commissioning PrEP; and shift the boundary between individual responsibilities and state responsibilities for public health and HIV prevention. We conclude that all the above constitute an unethical use of clinical trial rhetoric, systematically discriminate against minority and vulnerable groups, and ration healthcare for those who most need it. As such, we call on all academics, clinicians and activists to resist further unethical misuses of clinical trial rhetoric.
    MeSH term(s) Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics ; England ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/ethics ; Scotland ; State Medicine/ethics ; Uncertainty
    Chemical Substances Anti-HIV Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2018219-3
    ISSN 1473-4265 ; 1468-215X
    ISSN (online) 1473-4265
    ISSN 1468-215X
    DOI 10.1136/medhum-2019-011780
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  7. Article: Discipline for pleasure: a new governmentality of HIV prevention.

    Sandset, Tony / Villadsen, Kaspar / Heggen, Kristin / Engebretsen, Eivind

    BioSocieties

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 1, Page(s) 102–127

    Abstract: This article explores recent HIV prevention campaigns for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), focusing on how they integrate pleasure and desire in their calls for self-discipline through a continual use of pharmaceuticals. This emerging type of health ... ...

    Abstract This article explores recent HIV prevention campaigns for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), focusing on how they integrate pleasure and desire in their calls for self-discipline through a continual use of pharmaceuticals. This emerging type of health promotion, here represented by ads promoting the preventive use of pharmaceuticals, no longer simply approaches target groups with demands to abstain from harmful substances or practices and thus control risks, but also includes messages that recognize individuals' habits, values, and their desires for pleasure. Drawing on Foucault's work concerning discipline and security, we suggest that a novel, permissive discipline is emerging in contemporary HIV prevention. Further guided by Barthes's theory of images, we analyse posters used in prevention campaigns, scrutinizing their culture-specific imagery and linguistic messages, i.e. how the words and images interact. We conclude that these campaigns introduce a new temporality of prevention, one centred on pleasure through the pre-emption and planning that PrEP enables.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2390105-6
    ISSN 1745-8560 ; 1745-8552
    ISSN (online) 1745-8560
    ISSN 1745-8552
    DOI 10.1057/s41292-021-00257-1
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: What we need is a sustainable politics of life.

    Sandset, Tony Joakim / Heggen, Kristin / Engebretsen, Eivind

    Lancet (London, England)

    2020  Volume 395, Issue 10242, Page(s) 1967

    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31378-7
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  9. Article ; Online: The Biopolitics of Ethnonationalism

    Victor Lund Shammas / Tony Sandset

    Nordic Journal of Social Research, Vol 11, Iss

    Fertility in Defense of the Welfare State

    2020  Volume 1

    Abstract: Norway has long been considered to be a bastion of social democracy due to its strong, protective, decommodifying welfare state. However, with the recent rise of neoliberalism and right-wing populist politics across the West, this Northern European ... ...

    Abstract Norway has long been considered to be a bastion of social democracy due to its strong, protective, decommodifying welfare state. However, with the recent rise of neoliberalism and right-wing populist politics across the West, this Northern European society has gradually shifted from Keynesian Fordism to a moderate form of neoliberalism. This political-economic pivot has also resulted in a transformation of what Foucault termed biopolitics: a politics concerned with life itself. In early 2019, leading politicians in Norway’s centre-right coalition government placed the problem of the declining fertility rate on the national agenda and framed the problem of biological reproduction in ways particular to their political-ideological perspectives. The Conservative Party discussed reproduction in terms of producerism, or the problem of supplying the welfare state with labouring, tax-paying citizens. The Progress Party emphasised ethnonational exclusion, engaging in racial denigration with the aim to ensure the reproduction of ‘ethnic Norwegians’. The Christian Democrats highlighted a conservative Christian ‘right to life’ topos amidst growing secularisation and pluralism. All three parties signalled a turn from traditional social-democratic ideologies. Neoliberalism has proven to be malleable, able to fuse with a wide range of biopolitical programmes including moral exhortations, ethnonational exclusion and religious discourse to approach the problem of reproduction. However, this post-social-democratic approach generally is unwilling to provide material security through large-scale social expenditures and universal welfare institutions, preferring instead to address the ‘hearts and minds’ of the populace. Consequently, the fundamental cause of sub-replacement fertility—the gradual proliferation of ontological insecurity—remains unaddressed.
    Keywords biopolitics ; Foucault ; ethnonationalism ; social democracy ; neoliberalism ; fertility ; Social Sciences ; H ; Social sciences (General) ; H1-99
    Subject code 300
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Scandinavian University Press/Universitetsforlaget
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Teaching sustainable health care through the critical medical humanities.

    Engebretsen, Eivind / Sharma, Ritika / Sandset, Tony J / Heggen, Kristin / Ottersen, Ole Petter / Clark, Helen / Greenhalgh, Trisha

    Lancet (London, England)

    2023  Volume 401, Issue 10392, Page(s) 1912–1914

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Humanities/education ; Curriculum ; Delivery of Health Care ; Teaching ; Education, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3306-6
    ISSN 1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    ISSN (online) 1474-547X
    ISSN 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
    DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00809-7
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