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Article ; Online: Dissociative Effects of Age on Neural Differentiation at the Category and Item Levels.

Srokova, Sabina / Aktas, Ayse N Z / Koen, Joshua D / Rugg, Michael D

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2024 Volume 44, Issue 4

Abstract: Increasing age is associated with age-related neural dedifferentiation, a reduction in the selectivity of neural representations, which has been proposed to contribute to cognitive decline in older age. Recent findings indicate that when operationalized ... ...

Abstract	Increasing age is associated with age-related neural dedifferentiation, a reduction in the selectivity of neural representations, which has been proposed to contribute to cognitive decline in older age. Recent findings indicate that when operationalized in terms of selectivity for different perceptual categories, age-related neural dedifferentiation and the apparent age-invariant association of neural selectivity with cognitive performance are largely restricted to the cortical regions typically recruited during scene processing. It is currently unknown whether this category-level dissociation extends to metrics of neural selectivity defined at the level of individual stimulus items. Here, we examined neural selectivity at the category and item levels using multivoxel pattern similarity analysis (PSA) of fMRI data. Healthy young and older male and female adults viewed images of objects and scenes. Some items were presented singly, while others were either repeated or followed by a "similar lure." In agreement with recent findings, category-level PSA revealed robustly lower differentiation in older than in younger adults in scene-selective, but not object-selective, cortical regions. By contrast, at the item level, robust age-related declines in neural differentiation were evident for both stimulus categories. Additionally, we identified an age-invariant association between category-level scene selectivity in the parahippocampal place area and subsequent memory performance, but no such association was evident for item-level metrics. Lastly, category- and item-level neural metrics were uncorrelated. Thus, the present findings suggest that age-related category- and item-level dedifferentiation depend on distinct neural mechanisms.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Cognition ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Brain Mapping
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0959-23.2023
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Article ; Online: Age differences in the neural correlates of recollection: transient versus sustained fMRI effects.

Hou, Mingzhu / de Chastelaine, Marianne / Rugg, Michael D

Neurobiology of aging

2023 Volume 131, Page(s) 132–143

Abstract: Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging findings in young adults indicate that recollection-sensitive neural regions dissociate according to the time courses of their respective recollection effects. Here, we examined whether such dissociations are ... ...

Abstract	Prior functional magnetic resonance imaging findings in young adults indicate that recollection-sensitive neural regions dissociate according to the time courses of their respective recollection effects. Here, we examined whether such dissociations are also evident in older adults. Young and older participants encoded a series of word-image pairs, judging which of the denoted objects was the smaller. At the test, participants judged whether each of a series of test words was old or new. If a word was old, the requirement was to recall the associated image and maintain it over a variable delay period. Older adults demonstrated significantly lower associative memory performance than young adults. Transient recollection effects were identified in the left hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and posterior cingulate, while sustained effects were widespread across left lateral cortex and were also evident in the bilateral striatum. Except for those in the left insula, all effects were age-invariant. These findings suggest that both transient and sustained recollection effects are largely stable across much of the healthy adult life span.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain Mapping/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Mental Recall ; Cerebral Cortex
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	604505-4
ISSN	1558-1497 ; 0197-4580
ISSN (online)	1558-1497
ISSN	0197-4580
DOI	10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.07.001
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Article: The effects of age on neural correlates of recollection: transient versus sustained fMRI effects.

Hou, Mingzhu / de Chastelaine, Marianne / Rugg, Michael D

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Prior fMRI findings in young adults indicate that recollection-sensitive neural regions dissociate according to the time courses of their respective recollection effects. Here, we examined whether such dissociations are also evident in older adults. ... ...

Abstract	Prior fMRI findings in young adults indicate that recollection-sensitive neural regions dissociate according to the time courses of their respective recollection effects. Here, we examined whether such dissociations are also evident in older adults. Young and older participants encoded a series of word-object image pairs, judging which of the denoted objects was the smaller. At test, participants first judged whether a test word was old or new. For items judged old, they were required to recall the associated image and hold it in mind across a variable delay period. A post-delay cue denoted which of three judgments should be made on the retrieved image. Older adults demonstrated significantly lower associative memory performance than young adults. Replicating prior findings, transient recollection effects were identified in the left hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate, while sustained effects were widespread across left lateral cortex and were also evident in the bilateral striatum. With the exception of those in the left insula, all effects were age-invariant. These findings add to the evidence that recollection-related BOLD effects in different neural regions can be temporally dissociated. Additionally, the findings suggest that both transient and sustained recollection effects are largely stable across much of the healthy adult lifespan.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.04.12.536508
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Article ; Online: Relationships between age, fMRI correlates of familiarity and familiarity-based memory performance under single and dual task conditions.

de Chastelaine, Marianne / Horne, Erin D / Hou, Mingzhu / Rugg, Michael D

Neuropsychologia

2023 Volume 189, Page(s) 108670

Abstract: Using fMRI, we investigated the effects of age and divided attention on the neural correlates of familiarity and their relationship with memory performance. At study, word pairs were visually presented to young and older participants under the ... ...

Abstract	Using fMRI, we investigated the effects of age and divided attention on the neural correlates of familiarity and their relationship with memory performance. At study, word pairs were visually presented to young and older participants under the requirement to make a relational judgment on each pair. Participants were then scanned while undertaking an associative recognition test under single and dual (auditory tone detection) task conditions. The test items comprised studied, rearranged (words from different studied pairs) and new word pairs. fMRI familiarity effects were operationalized as greater activity elicited by studied pairs incorrectly identified as 'rearranged' than by correctly rejected new pairs. The reverse contrast was employed to identify 'novelty' effects. Behavioral familiarity estimates were equivalent across age groups and task conditions. Robust fMRI familiarity effects were identified in several regions, including medial and superior lateral parietal cortex, dorsal medial and left lateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral caudate. fMRI novelty effects were identified in the anterior medial temporal lobe. Both familiarity and novelty effects were largely age-invariant and did not vary, or varied minimally, according to task condition. In addition, the familiarity effects correlated positively with a behavioral estimate of familiarity strength irrespective of age. These findings extend a previous report from our laboratory, and converge with prior behavioral reports, in demonstrating that the factors of age and divided attention have little impact on behavioral and neural estimates of familiarity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Brain Mapping ; Recognition, Psychology ; Cognition ; Temporal Lobe
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	207151-4
ISSN	1873-3514 ; 0028-3932
ISSN (online)	1873-3514
ISSN	0028-3932
DOI	10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108670
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Article: Relationships between age, fMRI correlates of familiarity and familiarity-based memory performance under single and dual task conditions.

de Chastelaine, Marianne / Horne, Erin D / Hou, Mingzhu / Rugg, Michael D

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract	Using fMRI, we investigated the effects of age and divided attention on the neural correlates of familiarity and their relationship with memory performance. At study, word pairs were visually presented to young and older participants under the requirement to make a relational judgment on each pair. Participants were then scanned while undertaking an associative recognition test under single and dual (auditory tone detection) task conditions. The test items comprised studied, rearranged (words from different studied pairs) and new word pairs. fMRI familiarity effects were operationalized as greater activity elicited by studied pairs incorrectly identified as 'rearranged' than by correctly rejected new pairs. The reverse contrast was employed to identify 'novelty' effects. Behavioral familiarity estimates were equivalent across age groups and task conditions. Robust fMRI familiarity effects were identified in several regions, including medial and superior lateral parietal cortex, dorsal medial and left lateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral caudate. fMRI novelty effects were identified in the anterior medial temporal lobe. Both familiarity and novelty effects were age-invariant and did not vary according to task condition. In addition, the familiarity effects correlated positively with a behavioral estimate of familiarity strength irrespective of age. These findings extend a previous report from our laboratory, and converge with prior behavioral reports, in demonstrating that the factors of age and divided attention have minimal impact on behavioral and neural estimates of familiarity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.05.26.542526
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Dissociative effects of age on neural differentiation at the category and item level.

Srokova, Sabina / Aktas, Ayse N Z / Koen, Joshua D / Rugg, Michael D

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: Increasing age is associated with age-related neural dedifferentiation, a reduction in the selectivity of neural representations which has been proposed to contribute to cognitive decline in older age. Recent findings indicate that when operationalized ... ...

Abstract	Increasing age is associated with age-related neural dedifferentiation, a reduction in the selectivity of neural representations which has been proposed to contribute to cognitive decline in older age. Recent findings indicate that when operationalized in terms of selectivity for different perceptual categories, age-related neural dedifferentiation, and the apparent age-invariant association of neural selectivity with cognitive performance, are largely restricted to the cortical regions typically recruited during scene processing. It is currently unknown whether this category-level dissociation extends to metrics of neural selectivity defined at the level of individual stimulus items. Here, we examined neural selectivity at the category and item levels using multivoxel pattern similarity analysis (PSA) of fMRI data. Healthy young and older male and female adults viewed images of objects and scenes. Some items were presented singly, while others were either repeated or followed by a 'similar lure'. Consistent with recent findings, category-level PSA revealed robustly lower differentiation in older than younger adults in scene-selective, but not object-selective, cortical regions. By contrast, at the item level, robust age-related declines in neural differentiation were evident for both stimulus categories. Moreover, we identified an age-invariant association between category-level scene-selectivity in the parahippocampal place area and subsequent memory performance, but no such association was evident for item-level metrics. Lastly, category and item-level neural metrics were uncorrelated. Thus, the present findings suggest that age-related category- and item-level dedifferentiation depend on distinct neural mechanisms.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.05.24.542148
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Sensitivity of the hippocampus to objective but not subjective episodic memory judgments.

Thakral, Preston P / Yu, Sarah S / Rugg, Michael D

Cognitive neuroscience

2022 Volume 13, Issue 3-4, Page(s) 165–170

Abstract: We assessed whether neural activity in the hippocampus dissociates according to whether memory test items elicit a subjective sense of recollection or accurate retrieval of contextual information. We reanalyzed a previously acquired dataset from a study ... ...

Abstract	We assessed whether neural activity in the hippocampus dissociates according to whether memory test items elicit a subjective sense of recollection or accurate retrieval of contextual information. We reanalyzed a previously acquired dataset from a study in which participants made both objective (source memory for spatial context) and subjective (Remember-Know) judgments for each test item. Results indicated that the hippocampus was exclusively sensitive to the amount of contextual information retrieved, such that accurate source memory judgments were associated with greater activity than inaccurate judgments, regardless of Remember/Know status. The findings add to the evidence that the hippocampus is insensitive to the subjective experience of recollection, but supports retrieval of contextual information.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Memory, Episodic ; Judgment ; Recognition, Psychology ; Mental Recall ; Hippocampus
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2542443-9
ISSN	1758-8936 ; 1758-8928
ISSN (online)	1758-8936
ISSN	1758-8928
DOI	10.1080/17588928.2022.2033713
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Article ; Online: The Retrieval-Related Anterior Shift Is Moderated by Age and Correlates with Memory Performance.

Srokova, Sabina / Hill, Paul F / Rugg, Michael D

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2022 Volume 42, Issue 9, Page(s) 1765–1776

Abstract: Recent research suggests that episodic memory is associated with systematic differences in the localization of neural activity observed during memory encoding and retrieval. The retrieval-related anterior shift is a phenomenon whereby the retrieval of a ... ...

Abstract	Recent research suggests that episodic memory is associated with systematic differences in the localization of neural activity observed during memory encoding and retrieval. The retrieval-related anterior shift is a phenomenon whereby the retrieval of a stimulus event (e.g., a scene image) is associated with a peak neural response which is localized more anteriorly than the response elicited when the stimulus is experienced directly. Here, we examine whether the magnitude of the anterior shift (i.e., the distance between encoding- and retrieval-related response peaks) is moderated by age, and also whether the shift is associated with memory performance. Younger and older human subjects of both sexes underwent fMRI as they completed encoding and retrieval tasks on word-face and word-scene pairs. We localized peak scene and face selectivity for each individual participant within the face-selective precuneus and in three scene-selective (parahippocampal place area [PPA], medial place area, occipital place area) ROIs. In line with recent findings, we identified an anterior shift in the PPA and occipital place area in both age groups and, in older adults only, in the medial place area and precuneus also. Of importance, the magnitude of the anterior shift was larger in older than in younger adults. The shift within the PPA exhibited an age-invariant across-participant negative correlation with source memory performance, such that a smaller displacement between encoding- and retrieval-related neural activity was associated with better performance. These findings provide novel insights into the functional significance of the anterior shift, especially in relation to memory decline in older age.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging/physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory Disorders ; Memory, Episodic ; Mental Recall/physiology ; Parietal Lobe
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1763-21.2021
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Article ; Online: Patterns of retrieval-related cortico-striatal connectivity are stable across the adult lifespan.

Hill, Paul F / de Chastelaine, Marianne / Rugg, Michael D

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

2022 Volume 33, Issue 8, Page(s) 4542–4552

Abstract: Memory retrieval effects in the striatum are well documented and robust across experimental paradigms. However, the functional significance of these effects, and whether they are moderated by age, remains unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance ... ...

Abstract	Memory retrieval effects in the striatum are well documented and robust across experimental paradigms. However, the functional significance of these effects, and whether they are moderated by age, remains unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging paired with an associative recognition task to examine retrieval effects in the striatum in a sample of healthy young, middle-aged, and older adults. We identified anatomically segregated patterns of enhanced striatal blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity during recollection- and familiarity-based memory judgments. Successful recollection was associated with enhanced BOLD activity in bilateral putamen and nucleus accumbens, and neither of these effects were reliably moderated by age. Familiarity effects were evident in the head of the caudate nucleus bilaterally, and these effects were attenuated in middle-aged and older adults. Using psychophysiological interaction analyses, we observed a monitoring-related increase in functional connectivity between the caudate and regions of the frontoparietal control network, and between the putamen and bilateral retrosplenial cortex and intraparietal sulcus. In all instances, monitoring-related increases in cortico-striatal connectivity were unmoderated by age. These results suggest that the striatum, and the caudate in particular, couples with the frontoparietal control network to support top-down retrieval-monitoring operations, and that the strength of these inter-regional interactions is preserved in later life.
MeSH term(s)	Longevity ; Corpus Striatum/physiology ; Memory/physiology ; Recognition, Psychology/physiology ; Caudate Nucleus/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Brain Mapping
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1077450-6
ISSN	1460-2199 ; 1047-3211
ISSN (online)	1460-2199
ISSN	1047-3211
DOI	10.1093/cercor/bhac360
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Zs.A 3235: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The effect of age on recollection is not moderated by differential estimation methods.

Alghamdi, Saad A / Rugg, Michael D

Memory (Hove, England)

2020 Volume 28, Issue 8, Page(s) 1067–1077

Abstract: Episodic memory performance declines with increasing age. It has sometimes been reported that this decline is more marked when episodic recollection is estimated by "objective" measures such as source memory performance than when it is estimated by " ... ...

Abstract	Episodic memory performance declines with increasing age. It has sometimes been reported that this decline is more marked when episodic recollection is estimated by "objective" measures such as source memory performance than when it is estimated by "subjective" measures such as the "Remember/Know" procedure. Here, our main goal was to directly contrast recollection estimates derived from these procedures in the same samples of young and older participants (24 adults per age group, within-subjects manipulation of test procedure). Following identical study phases in which words were paired with either faces or scenes, participants' memories were assessed in separate test blocks using either Remember/Know or source memory procedures. Contrary to several prior reports, the deleterious effects of age on recollection estimates did not differ according to test type. Thus, we found no evidence that age differentially impacts subjective and objective recollection estimates. Additionally, and consistent with prior findings, effects of age on estimates of familiarity-driven recognition were small and non-significant.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aging/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Episodic ; Mental Recall ; Recognition, Psychology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	1147478-6
ISSN	1464-0686 ; 0965-8211
ISSN (online)	1464-0686
ISSN	0965-8211
DOI	10.1080/09658211.2020.1813781
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