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  1. Article ; Online: Extracellular vesicles and atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease.

    Brown, Paul A / Brown, Paul D

    Cardiovascular pathology : the official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology

    2022  Volume 63, Page(s) 107510

    Abstract: Atherogenesis involves a complex multifactorial process including chronic inflammation that requires the participation of several cell types and molecules. In addition to their role in vascular homeostasis, extracellular vesicles also appear to play an ... ...

    Abstract Atherogenesis involves a complex multifactorial process including chronic inflammation that requires the participation of several cell types and molecules. In addition to their role in vascular homeostasis, extracellular vesicles also appear to play an important role in atherogenesis, including monocyte transmigration and foam cell formation, SMC proliferation and migration, leukocyte transmigration, and thrombosis. Peripheral arterial disease, a major form of peripheral vascular disease, is characterized by structural or functional impairment of peripheral arterial supply, often secondary to atherosclerosis. Elevated levels of extracellular vesicles have been demonstrated in patients with peripheral arterial disease and implicated in the development of atherosclerosis within peripheral vascular beds. However, extracellular vesicles also appear capable of delivering cargo with atheroprotective effects. This capability has been exploited in vesicles engineered to carry content capable of neovascularization, suggesting potential for therapeutic angiogenesis. This dual capacity holds substantial promise for diagnosis and therapy, including possibly limb- and life-saving options for peripheral arterial disease management.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Atherosclerosis/pathology ; Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; Extracellular Vesicles/pathology ; Foam Cells/metabolism ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/therapy ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/metabolism ; Arteries/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1134600-0
    ISSN 1879-1336 ; 1054-8807
    ISSN (online) 1879-1336
    ISSN 1054-8807
    DOI 10.1016/j.carpath.2022.107510
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  2. Article ; Online: Cadmium induces microcytosis and anisocytosis without anaemia in hypertensive rats.

    McCalla, Garsha / Brown, Paul D / Nwokocha, Chukwuemeka

    Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine

    2024  Volume 37, Issue 2, Page(s) 519–526

    Abstract: Dietary cadmium ( ... ...

    Abstract Dietary cadmium (Cd
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Rats ; Animals ; Cadmium/toxicity ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Anemia/chemically induced ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; Hypertension/chemically induced
    Chemical Substances Cadmium (00BH33GNGH) ; Hemoglobins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-07
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1112688-7
    ISSN 1572-8773 ; 0966-0844
    ISSN (online) 1572-8773
    ISSN 0966-0844
    DOI 10.1007/s10534-023-00567-w
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  3. Article ; Online: Absence of Metformin in Fetal Circulation Following Maternal Administration in Late Gestation Pregnant Sheep.

    Rozance, Paul J / Brown, Laura D / Wesolowski, Stephanie R

    Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)

    2024  

    Abstract: In human pregnancy, metformin administered to the mother crosses the placenta resulting in metformin exposure to the fetus. However, the effects of metformin exposure on the fetus are poorly understood and difficult to study in humans. Pregnant sheep are ...

    Abstract In human pregnancy, metformin administered to the mother crosses the placenta resulting in metformin exposure to the fetus. However, the effects of metformin exposure on the fetus are poorly understood and difficult to study in humans. Pregnant sheep are a powerful large animal model for studying fetal physiology. The objective of this study was to determine if maternally administered metformin at human dose-equivalent concentrations crosses the ovine placenta and equilibrates in the fetal circulation. To test this, metformin was administered to the pregnant ewe via continuous intravenous infusion or supplementation in the drinking water. Both administration routes increased maternal metformin concentrations to human dose-equivalent concentrations of ~ 10 µM, yet metformin was negligible in the fetus even after 3-4 days of maternal administration. In cotyledon and caruncle tissue, expression levels of the major metformin uptake transporter organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) were < 1% of expression levels in the fetal liver, a tissue with abundant expression. Expression of other putative uptake transporters OCT2 and OCT3, and efflux transporters multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE)1 and MATE2were more abundant. These results demonstrate that the ovine placenta is impermeable to maternal metformin administration. This is likely due to anatomical differences and increased interhaemal distance between the maternal and umbilical circulations in the ovine versus human placenta limiting placental metformin transport.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2276411-2
    ISSN 1933-7205 ; 1933-7191
    ISSN (online) 1933-7205
    ISSN 1933-7191
    DOI 10.1007/s43032-024-01547-2
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  4. Article ; Online: Lessons learned from proton vs photon radiation therapy for glioblastoma signal-finding trial.

    Chung, Caroline / Brown, Paul D / Wefel, Jeffrey S

    Neuro-oncology

    2023  Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 851

    MeSH term(s) Glioblastoma/radiotherapy ; Humans ; Proton Therapy ; Protons ; Radiotherapy Dosage
    Chemical Substances Protons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2028601-6
    ISSN 1523-5866 ; 1522-8517
    ISSN (online) 1523-5866
    ISSN 1522-8517
    DOI 10.1093/neuonc/noac028
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  5. Article ; Online: Cognitive outcomes in patients with low-grade glioma.

    Trifiletti, Daniel M / Brown, Paul D

    Neuro-oncology

    2021  Volume 23, Issue 5, Page(s) 709–710

    MeSH term(s) Brain Neoplasms ; Cognition ; Glioma ; Humans ; Memory ; Temozolomide
    Chemical Substances Temozolomide (YF1K15M17Y)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2028601-6
    ISSN 1523-5866 ; 1522-8517
    ISSN (online) 1523-5866
    ISSN 1522-8517
    DOI 10.1093/neuonc/noab033
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  6. Article ; Online: In reply to Cassidy and Amdur.

    Kowalchuk, Roman O / Brown, Paul D / Merrell, Kenneth W

    Practical radiation oncology

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 5, Page(s) e460–e462

    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2655748-4
    ISSN 1879-8519 ; 1879-8500
    ISSN (online) 1879-8519
    ISSN 1879-8500
    DOI 10.1016/j.prro.2022.06.005
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  7. Article ; Online: Wave interference at the contralateral ear helps explain non-monotonic envelope interaural time differences as a function of azimuth.

    Mayo, Paul G / Brown, Andrew D / Goupell, Matthew J

    JASA express letters

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) 34403

    Abstract: Interaural time differences (ITDs), an important acoustic cue for perceptual sound-source localization, are conventionally modeled as monotonic functions of azimuth. However, recent literature and publicly available databases from binaural manikins ... ...

    Abstract Interaural time differences (ITDs), an important acoustic cue for perceptual sound-source localization, are conventionally modeled as monotonic functions of azimuth. However, recent literature and publicly available databases from binaural manikins demonstrated ITDs conveyed by the envelopes (ENV-ITDs) of high-frequency (≥2 kHz) signals that were non-monotonic functions of azimuth. This study demonstrates using a simple, time-dependent geometric model of an elliptic head that the back-traveling (longer) sound path around the head, delayed and added to the conventionally treated front-traveling path, can account for non-monotonic ENV-ITDs. These findings have implications for spatial-hearing models in acoustic and electric (cochlear-implant) hearing.
    MeSH term(s) Sound Localization ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Hearing ; Sound ; Auditory Threshold
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2691-1191
    ISSN (online) 2691-1191
    DOI 10.1121/10.0017631
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  8. Article: A Century of Wake Fish Surveys: Comprehensive Annotated Checklist of the Fishes of Wake Atoll

    Brown, D. Paul

    Pacific science. 2021 Sept. 2, v. 75, no. 3

    2021  

    Abstract: This study documents all the currently known fish species from Wake Atoll, representing 98 families and 411 species. This paper updates the identifications of several previously reported unknown or undescribed species, revises the taxonomy from previous ... ...

    Abstract This study documents all the currently known fish species from Wake Atoll, representing 98 families and 411 species. This paper updates the identifications of several previously reported unknown or undescribed species, revises the taxonomy from previous lists, and corrects errors and omissions. It builds on the past century of fish studies at this location, adding 43 families with 22 new reef species, 63 deep water species, and five pelagic species to the 321 species and 55 families previously recorded. The updated presence data is based on direct field observations by the author, reviews of all previous field observations for the past two decades, examination of data housed in academic institutions (voucher specimens), agency reports, and review of photographs and videos. In addition to being an active U.S. military installation, in 2009 the waters surrounding Wake Atoll became both a U.S. National Wildlife Refuge and a unit of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument. Anthropogenic influences and other factors that affect fish diversity and habitats are examined.
    Keywords atolls ; conservation areas ; fish ; military lands ; national monuments
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0902
    Size p. 323-348.
    Publishing place University of Hawai'i Press
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2053522-3
    ISSN 1534-6188 ; 0030-8870
    ISSN (online) 1534-6188
    ISSN 0030-8870
    DOI 10.2984/75.3.3
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article ; Online: Biological and clinical implications of FGFR aberrations in paediatric and young adult cancers.

    Brown, Lauren M / Ekert, Paul G / Fleuren, Emmy D G

    Oncogene

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 23, Page(s) 1875–1888

    Abstract: Rare but recurrent mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathways, most commonly in one of the four FGFR receptor tyrosine kinase genes, can potentially be targeted with broad-spectrum multi-kinase or FGFR selective inhibitors. The ... ...

    Abstract Rare but recurrent mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathways, most commonly in one of the four FGFR receptor tyrosine kinase genes, can potentially be targeted with broad-spectrum multi-kinase or FGFR selective inhibitors. The complete spectrum of these mutations in paediatric cancers is emerging as precision medicine programs perform comprehensive sequencing of individual tumours. Identification of patients most likely to benefit from FGFR inhibition currently rests on identifying activating FGFR mutations, gene fusions, or gene amplification events. However, the expanding use of transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) has identified that many tumours overexpress FGFRs, in the absence of any genomic aberration. The challenge now presented is to determine when this indicates true FGFR oncogenic activity. Under-appreciated mechanisms of FGFR pathway activation, including alternate FGFR transcript expression and concomitant FGFR and FGF ligand expression, may mark those tumours where FGFR overexpression is indicative of a dependence on FGFR signalling. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and mechanistic overview of FGFR pathway aberrations and their functional consequences in paediatric cancer. We explore how FGFR over expression might be associated with true receptor activation. Further, we discuss the therapeutic implications of these aberrations in the paediatric setting and outline current and emerging therapeutic strategies to treat paediatric patients with FGFR-driven cancers.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Young Adult ; Child ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Fibroblast Growth Factors (62031-54-3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639046-8
    ISSN 1476-5594 ; 0950-9232
    ISSN (online) 1476-5594
    ISSN 0950-9232
    DOI 10.1038/s41388-023-02705-7
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  10. Article ; Online: Where Do We (INDI)GO From Here?

    Kinslow, Connor J / Brown, Paul D / Iwamoto, Fabio M / Wu, Cheng-Chia / Yu, James B / Cheng, Simon K / Wang, Tony J C

    International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics

    2024  Volume 118, Issue 2, Page(s) 330–333

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 197614-x
    ISSN 1879-355X ; 0360-3016
    ISSN (online) 1879-355X
    ISSN 0360-3016
    DOI 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.09.008
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