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  1. Article: The new normal of web camera theft on campus during COVID-19 and the impact of anti-theft signage.

    Chernoff, William A

    Crime science

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 23

    Abstract: Objective: The opportunity for web camera theft increased globally as institutions of higher education transitioned to remote learning during COVID-19. Given the thousands of cameras currently installed in classrooms, many with little protection, the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The opportunity for web camera theft increased globally as institutions of higher education transitioned to remote learning during COVID-19. Given the thousands of cameras currently installed in classrooms, many with little protection, the present study tests the effectiveness of anti-theft signage for preventing camera theft.
    Methods: Examined web camera theft at a southern, public university located in the United States of America by randomly assigning N = 104 classrooms to receive either anti-theft signage or no signage. Camera theft was analyzed using Blaker's exact test.
    Results: Classrooms not receiving anti-theft signage (control) were 3.42 times more likely to exhibit web camera theft than classrooms receiving anti-theft signage (medium effect size).
    Conclusions: Using classrooms as the unit of analysis presents new opportunities for not only future crime prevention experiments, but also improving campus safety and security. Also, preventing web camera theft on campus is both fiscally and socially responsible, saving money and ensuring inclusivity for remote learners.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-20
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2806589-X
    ISSN 2193-7680
    ISSN 2193-7680
    DOI 10.1186/s40163-021-00159-4
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  2. Article ; Online: The new normal of web camera theft on campus during COVID-19 and the impact of anti-theft signage

    William A. Chernoff

    Crime Science, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract Objective The opportunity for web camera theft increased globally as institutions of higher education transitioned to remote learning during COVID-19. Given the thousands of cameras currently installed in classrooms, many with little protection, ...

    Abstract Abstract Objective The opportunity for web camera theft increased globally as institutions of higher education transitioned to remote learning during COVID-19. Given the thousands of cameras currently installed in classrooms, many with little protection, the present study tests the effectiveness of anti-theft signage for preventing camera theft. Methods Examined web camera theft at a southern, public university located in the United States of America by randomly assigning N = 104 classrooms to receive either anti-theft signage or no signage. Camera theft was analyzed using Blaker’s exact test. Results Classrooms not receiving anti-theft signage (control) were 3.42 times more likely to exhibit web camera theft than classrooms receiving anti-theft signage (medium effect size). Conclusions Using classrooms as the unit of analysis presents new opportunities for not only future crime prevention experiments, but also improving campus safety and security. Also, preventing web camera theft on campus is both fiscally and socially responsible, saving money and ensuring inclusivity for remote learners.
    Keywords Signage ; Theft ; Security ; Web Camera ; Situational Crime Prevention ; CPTED ; Science (General) ; Q1-390 ; Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ; HV1-9960
    Subject code 302
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: "There's More to It Than Just a Box Check ": Measuring Prison Climate in Three Correctional Facilities.

    Williams, L Susan / Green, Edward L W / Chernoff, William A

    International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology

    2019  Volume 63, Issue 8, Page(s) 1354–1383

    Abstract: The imperative to heed social environment and power of the situation, particularly as applied to prison settings, dates to the 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment; the widely cited study concluded that situational factors, not personality, created the ... ...

    Abstract The imperative to heed social environment and power of the situation, particularly as applied to prison settings, dates to the 1971 Stanford Prison Experiment; the widely cited study concluded that situational factors, not personality, created the damaging conditions observed. Despite critical need for research on prison climate, measurement has met stiff challenges, and little research on prison culture exists in the United States. This study applies a 17-item scale, primarily based on Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES), an instrument validated in Australia, Germany, and the United Kingdom. It was administered to inmates and staff in three correctional facilities in the U.S. Midwest, one medium security and two maximum security. Survey results demonstrate higher levels of cohesion at the medium-security facility, but multivariate analysis suggests a much more complex relationship between facility and environment, varying particularly in response to perceived inmate threat. Qualitative data suggest that understanding these associations is vital to building socially adaptive conditions and prosocial change.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prisoners/psychology ; Prisons/standards ; Qualitative Research ; Safety ; Social Conditions ; Social Environment ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218274-9
    ISSN 1552-6933 ; 0306-624X
    ISSN (online) 1552-6933
    ISSN 0306-624X
    DOI 10.1177/0306624X18821090
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  4. Article: The Australasian dingo archetype:

    Ballard, J William O / Field, Matt A / Edwards, Richard J / Wilson, Laura A B / Koungoulos, Loukas G / Rosen, Benjamin D / Chernoff, Barry / Dudchenko, Olga / Omer, Arina / Keilwagen, Jens / Skvortsova, Ksenia / Bogdanovic, Ozren / Chan, Eva / Zammit, Robert / Hayes, Vanessa / Aiden, Erez Lieberman

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Background: One difficulty in testing the hypothesis that the Australasian dingo is a functional intermediate between wild wolves and domesticated breed dogs is that there is no reference specimen. Here we link a high-quality : Findings: We generated ...

    Abstract Background: One difficulty in testing the hypothesis that the Australasian dingo is a functional intermediate between wild wolves and domesticated breed dogs is that there is no reference specimen. Here we link a high-quality
    Findings: We generated a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly (Canfam_ADS) using a combination of Pacific Bioscience, Oxford Nanopore, 10X Genomics, Bionano, and Hi-C technologies. Compared to the previously published Desert dingo assembly, there are large structural rearrangements on Chromosomes 11, 16, 25 and 26. Phylogenetic analyses of chromosomal data from Cooinda the Alpine dingo and nine previously published
    Conclusions: These combined data support the hypothesis that the dingo Cooinda fits the spectrum of genetic and morphological characteristics typical of the Alpine ecotype. We propose that she be considered the archetype specimen for future research investigating the evolutionary history, morphology, physiology, and ecology of dingoes. The female has been taxidermically prepared and is now at the Australian Museum, Sydney.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.01.26.525801
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  5. Article ; Online: Comparative Effectiveness of Psychotherapy vs Antidepressants for Depression in Heart Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

    IsHak, Waguih William / Hamilton, Michele A / Korouri, Samuel / Diniz, Marcio A / Mirocha, James / Hedrick, Rebecca / Chernoff, Robert / Black, Jeanne T / Aronow, Harriet / Vanle, Brigitte / Dang, Jonathan / Edwards, Gabriel / Darwish, Tarneem / Messineo, Gabrielle / Collier, Stacy / Pasini, Mia / Tessema, Kaleab K / Harold, John G / Ong, Michael K /
    Spiegel, Brennan / Wells, Kenneth / Danovitch, Itai

    JAMA network open

    2024  Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) e2352094

    Abstract: Importance: Heart failure (HF) affects more than 6 million adults in the US and more than 64 million adults worldwide, with 50% prevalence of depression. Patients and clinicians lack information on which interventions are more effective for depression ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Heart failure (HF) affects more than 6 million adults in the US and more than 64 million adults worldwide, with 50% prevalence of depression. Patients and clinicians lack information on which interventions are more effective for depression in HF.
    Objective: To compare the effectiveness of behavioral activation psychotherapy (BA) vs antidepressant medication management (MEDS) on patient-centered outcomes inpatients with HF and depression.
    Design, setting, and participants: This pragmatic randomized comparative effectiveness trial was conducted from 2018 to 2022, including 1-year follow-up, at a not-for-profit academic health system serving more than 2 million people from diverse demographic, socioeconomic, cultural, and geographic backgrounds. Participant included inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with HF and depression, and data were analyzed as intention-to-treat. Data were analyzed from 2022 to 2023.
    Interventions: BA is an evidence-based manualized treatment for depression, promoting engagement in personalized pleasurable activities selected by patients. MEDS involves the use of an evidence-based collaborative care model with care managers providing coordination with patients, psychiatrists, and primary care physicians to only administer medications.
    Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was depressive symptom severity at 6 months, measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item (PHQ-9). Secondary outcomes included physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL), measured using the Short-Form 12-Item version 2 (SF-12); heart failure-specific HRQOL, measured using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; caregiver burden, measured with the Caregiver Burden Questionnaire for Heart Failure; emergency department visits; readmissions; days hospitalized; and mortality at 3, 6, and 12 months.
    Results: A total of 416 patients (mean [SD] age, 60.71 [15.61] years; 243 [58.41%] male) were enrolled, with 208 patients randomized to BA and 208 patients randomized to MEDS. At baseline, mean (SD) PHQ-9 scores were 14.54 (3.45) in the BA group and 14.31 (3.60) in the MEDS group; both BA and MEDS recipients experienced nearly 50% reduction in depressive symptoms at 3, 6, and 12 months (eg, mean [SD] score at 12 months: BA, 7.62 (5.73); P < .001; MEDS, 7.98 (6.06); P < .001; between-group P = .55). There was no statistically significant difference between BA and MEDS in the primary outcome of PHQ-9 at 6 months (mean [SD] score, 7.53 [5.74] vs 8.09 [6.06]; P = .88). BA recipients, compared with MEDS recipients, experienced small improvement in physical HRQOL at 6 months (mean [SD] SF-12 physical score: 38.82 [11.09] vs 37.12 [10.99]; P = .04), had fewer ED visits (3 months: 38% [95% CI, 14%-55%] reduction; P = .005; 6 months: 30% [95% CI, 14%-40%] reduction; P = .008; 12 months: 27% [95% CI, 15%-38%] reduction; P = .001), and spent fewer days hospitalized (3 months: 17% [95% CI, 8%-25%] reduction; P = .002; 6 months: 19% [95% CI, 13%-25%] reduction; P = .005; 12 months: 36% [95% CI, 32%-40%] reduction; P = .001).
    Conclusions and relevance: In this comparative effectiveness trial of BA and MEDS in patients with HF experiencing depression, both treatments significantly reduced depressive symptoms by nearly 50% with no statistically significant differences between treatments. BA recipients experienced better physical HRQOL, fewer ED visits, and fewer days hospitalized. The study findings suggested that patients with HF could be given the choice between BA or MEDS to ameliorate depression.
    Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03688100.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Depression/drug therapy ; Quality of Life ; Psychotherapy ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Heart Failure/therapy
    Chemical Substances Antidepressive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52094
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  6. Article ; Online: The Australasian dingo archetype: de novo chromosome-length genome assembly, DNA methylome, and cranial morphology.

    Ballard, J William O / Field, Matt A / Edwards, Richard J / Wilson, Laura A B / Koungoulos, Loukas G / Rosen, Benjamin D / Chernoff, Barry / Dudchenko, Olga / Omer, Arina / Keilwagen, Jens / Skvortsova, Ksenia / Bogdanovic, Ozren / Chan, Eva / Zammit, Robert / Hayes, Vanessa / Aiden, Erez Lieberman

    GigaScience

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Background: One difficulty in testing the hypothesis that the Australasian dingo is a functional intermediate between wild wolves and domesticated breed dogs is that there is no reference specimen. Here we link a high-quality de novo long-read ... ...

    Abstract Background: One difficulty in testing the hypothesis that the Australasian dingo is a functional intermediate between wild wolves and domesticated breed dogs is that there is no reference specimen. Here we link a high-quality de novo long-read chromosomal assembly with epigenetic footprints and morphology to describe the Alpine dingo female named Cooinda. It was critical to establish an Alpine dingo reference because this ecotype occurs throughout coastal eastern Australia where the first drawings and descriptions were completed.
    Findings: We generated a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly (Canfam_ADS) using a combination of Pacific Bioscience, Oxford Nanopore, 10X Genomics, Bionano, and Hi-C technologies. Compared to the previously published Desert dingo assembly, there are large structural rearrangements on chromosomes 11, 16, 25, and 26. Phylogenetic analyses of chromosomal data from Cooinda the Alpine dingo and 9 previously published de novo canine assemblies show dingoes are monophyletic and basal to domestic dogs. Network analyses show that the mitochondrial DNA genome clusters within the southeastern lineage, as expected for an Alpine dingo. Comparison of regulatory regions identified 2 differentially methylated regions within glucagon receptor GCGR and histone deacetylase HDAC4 genes that are unmethylated in the Alpine dingo genome but hypermethylated in the Desert dingo. Morphologic data, comprising geometric morphometric assessment of cranial morphology, place dingo Cooinda within population-level variation for Alpine dingoes. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain tissue shows she had a larger cranial capacity than a similar-sized domestic dog.
    Conclusions: These combined data support the hypothesis that the dingo Cooinda fits the spectrum of genetic and morphologic characteristics typical of the Alpine ecotype. We propose that she be considered the archetype specimen for future research investigating the evolutionary history, morphology, physiology, and ecology of dingoes. The female has been taxidermically prepared and is now at the Australian Museum, Sydney.
    MeSH term(s) Dogs ; Animals ; Female ; Epigenome ; Phylogeny ; Australia ; Canidae/genetics ; Wolves/genetics ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Chromosomes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2708999-X
    ISSN 2047-217X ; 2047-217X
    ISSN (online) 2047-217X
    ISSN 2047-217X
    DOI 10.1093/gigascience/giad018
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  7. Article ; Online: Psychosocial Interventions for Patients With Heart Failure and Their Impact on Depression, Anxiety, Quality of Life, Morbidity, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    Chernoff, Robert Alan / Messineo, Gabrielle / Kim, Sungjin / Pizano, Demetria / Korouri, Samuel / Danovitch, Itai / IsHak, Waguih William

    Psychosomatic medicine

    2022  Volume 84, Issue 5, Page(s) 560–580

    Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the ability of psychosocial interventions to reduce depression and anxiety, improve quality of life, and reduce hospitalization and mortality rates in patients with heart ...

    Abstract Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the ability of psychosocial interventions to reduce depression and anxiety, improve quality of life, and reduce hospitalization and mortality rates in patients with heart failure.
    Methods: Studies of psychosocial interventions published from 1970 to 2021 were identified through four databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane). Two authors independently conducted a focused analysis and reached a final consensus on the studies to include, followed by a quality check by a third author. A risk of bias assessment was conducted.
    Results: Twenty-three studies were identified, but only 15 studies of mostly randomized controlled trials with a total of 1370 patients with heart failure were included in the meta-analysis. Interventions were either cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or stress management. The pooled intervention effect was in favor of the intervention for depression (combined difference in standardized mean change [DSMC]: -0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.66 to -0.17; p = .001) and anxiety (combined DSMC: -0.33; 95% CI = -0.51 to -0.15; p < .001) but was only a trend for quality of life (combined DSMC: 0.14; 95% CI = -0.00 to 0.29; p = .053). Evidence was limited that interventions produced lower rates of hospitalization (5 of 5 studies showing a beneficial effect) or death (1 of 5 with a beneficial effect).
    Conclusions: CBT and stress management interventions significantly reduced depression and anxiety compared with control conditions. CBT significantly improved quality of life compared with controls, but stress management did not. Longer treatment duration seemed to be an important factor related to treatment success.
    MeSH term(s) Anxiety/therapy ; Depression/therapy ; Heart Failure/therapy ; Humans ; Morbidity ; Psychosocial Intervention ; Quality of Life
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3469-1
    ISSN 1534-7796 ; 0033-3174
    ISSN (online) 1534-7796
    ISSN 0033-3174
    DOI 10.1097/PSY.0000000000001073
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  8. Article: Depression in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.

    Ishak, Waguih William / Edwards, Gabriel / Herrera, Nathalie / Lin, Tiffany / Hren, Kathryn / Peterson, Michael / Ngor, Ashley / Liu, Angela / Kimchi, Asher / Spiegel, Brennan / Hedrick, Rebecca / Chernoff, Robert / Diniz, Marcio / Mirocha, James / Manoukian, Vicki / Ong, Michael / Harold, John / Danovitch, Itai / Hamilton, Michele

    Innovations in clinical neuroscience

    2020  Volume 17, Issue 4-6, Page(s) 27–38

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Objective
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2675366-2
    ISSN 2158-8341 ; 2158-8333
    ISSN (online) 2158-8341
    ISSN 2158-8333
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  9. Article ; Online: Personalized treatments for depressive symptoms in patients with advanced heart failure: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

    IsHak, Waguih William / Korouri, Samuel / Darwish, Tarneem / Vanle, Brigitte / Dang, Jonathan / Edwards, Gabriel / Black, Jeanne T / Aronow, Harriet / Kimchi, Asher / Spiegel, Brennan / Hedrick, Rebecca / Chernoff, Robert / Diniz, Marcio A / Mirocha, James / Manoukian, Vicki / Harold, John / Ong, Michael K / Wells, Kenneth / Hamilton, Michele /
    Danovitch, Itai

    PloS one

    2021  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) e0244453

    Abstract: Objectives: Heart Failure is a chronic syndrome affecting over 5.7 million in the US and 26 million adults worldwide with nearly 50% experiencing depressive symptoms. The objective of the study is to compare the effects of two evidence-based treatment ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Heart Failure is a chronic syndrome affecting over 5.7 million in the US and 26 million adults worldwide with nearly 50% experiencing depressive symptoms. The objective of the study is to compare the effects of two evidence-based treatment options for adult patients with depression and advanced heart failure, on depressive symptom severity, physical and mental health related quality of life (HRQoL), heart-failure specific quality of life, caregiver burden, morbidity, and mortality at 3, 6 and 12-months.
    Methods: Trial design. Pragmatic, randomized, comparative effectiveness trial. Interventions. The treatment interventions are: (1) Behavioral Activation (BA), a patient-centered psychotherapy which emphasizes engagement in enjoyable and valued personalized activities as selected by the patient; or (2) Antidepressant Medication Management administered using the collaborative care model (MEDS). Participants. Adults aged 18 and over with advanced heart failure (defined as New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II, III, and IV) and depression (defined as a score of 10 or above on the PHQ-9 and confirmed by the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview for the DSM-5) selected from all patients at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center who are admitted with heart failure and all patients presenting to the outpatient programs of the Smidt Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. We plan to randomize 416 patients to BA or MEDS, with an estimated 28% loss to follow-up/inability to collect follow-up data. Thus, we plan to include 150 in each group for a total of 300 participants from which data after randomization will be collected and analyzed.
    Conclusions: The current trial is the first to compare the impact of BA and MEDS on depressive symptoms, quality of life, caregiver burden, morbidity, and mortality in patients with depression and advanced heart failure. The trial will provide novel results that will be disseminated and implemented into a wide range of current practice settings.
    Registration: ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT03688100.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Depression/complications ; Depression/drug therapy ; Depression/psychology ; Depression/therapy ; Disease Progression ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Female ; Heart Failure/complications ; Heart Failure/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precision Medicine ; Psychotherapy ; Quality of Life
    Chemical Substances Antidepressive Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0244453
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  10. Article ; Online: The Australian dingo is an early offshoot of modern breed dogs.

    Field, Matt A / Yadav, Sonu / Dudchenko, Olga / Esvaran, Meera / Rosen, Benjamin D / Skvortsova, Ksenia / Edwards, Richard J / Keilwagen, Jens / Cochran, Blake J / Manandhar, Bikash / Bustamante, Sonia / Rasmussen, Jacob Agerbo / Melvin, Richard G / Chernoff, Barry / Omer, Arina / Colaric, Zane / Chan, Eva K F / Minoche, Andre E / Smith, Timothy P L /
    Gilbert, M Thomas P / Bogdanovic, Ozren / Zammit, Robert A / Thomas, Torsten / Aiden, Erez L / Ballard, J William O

    Science advances

    2022  Volume 8, Issue 16, Page(s) eabm5944

    Abstract: Dogs are uniquely associated with human dispersal and bring transformational insight into the domestication process. Dingoes represent an intriguing case within canine evolution being geographically isolated for thousands of years. Here, we present a ... ...

    Abstract Dogs are uniquely associated with human dispersal and bring transformational insight into the domestication process. Dingoes represent an intriguing case within canine evolution being geographically isolated for thousands of years. Here, we present a high-quality de novo assembly of a pure dingo (CanFam_DDS). We identified large chromosomal differences relative to the current dog reference (CanFam3.1) and confirmed no expanded pancreatic amylase gene as found in breed dogs. Phylogenetic analyses using variant pairwise matrices show that the dingo is distinct from five breed dogs with 100% bootstrap support when using Greenland wolf as the outgroup. Functionally, we observe differences in methylation patterns between the dingo and German shepherd dog genomes and differences in serum biochemistry and microbiome makeup. Our results suggest that distinct demographic and environmental conditions have shaped the dingo genome. In contrast, artificial human selection has likely shaped the genomes of domestic breed dogs after divergence from the dingo.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Australia ; Breeding ; Canidae/genetics ; Dogs ; Phylogeny ; Wolves/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2810933-8
    ISSN 2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
    ISSN (online) 2375-2548
    ISSN 2375-2548
    DOI 10.1126/sciadv.abm5944
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