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  1. Article: Photon migration through a turbid slab described by a model based on diffusion approximation. II. Comparison with Monte Carlo results.

    Martelli, F / Contini, D / Taddeucci, A / Zaccanti, G

    Applied optics

    2007  Volume 36, Issue 19, Page(s) 4600–4612

    Abstract: ... the predictions of the model are compared with solutions of the radiative transfer equation obtained by Monte Carlo simulations ...

    Abstract In our companion paper we presented a model to describe photon migration through a diffusing slab. The model, developed for a homogeneous slab, is based on the diffusion approximation and is able to take into account reflection at the boundaries resulting from the refractive index mismatch. In this paper the predictions of the model are compared with solutions of the radiative transfer equation obtained by Monte Carlo simulations in order to determine the applicability limits of the approximated theory in different physical conditions. A fitting procedure, carried out with the optical properties as fitting parameters, is used to check the application of the model to the inverse problem. The results show that significant errors can be made if the effect of the refractive index mismatch is not properly taken into account. Errors are more important when measurements of transmittance are used. The effects of using a receiver with a limited angular field of view and the angular distribution of the radiation that emerges from the slab have also been investigated.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1559-128X
    ISSN 1559-128X
    DOI 10.1364/ao.36.004600
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Historical account of clinical observations on leprosy and related manifestations in the Comacchio area, Italy, in the XIX century.

    Vicentini, Chiara Beatrice / Contini, Carlo

    Le infezioni in medicina

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 4, Page(s) 591–599

    Abstract: Known before Christ and in ancient Egypt, leprosy was believed to be a mysterious disease of supernatural origin. It covered the body with lumps and sores, dulled the senses, produced altered facial features and mutilation of the limbs. By the 6th ... ...

    Abstract Known before Christ and in ancient Egypt, leprosy was believed to be a mysterious disease of supernatural origin. It covered the body with lumps and sores, dulled the senses, produced altered facial features and mutilation of the limbs. By the 6th century AD, the disease had certainly made its appearance in Western Europe and continued to occur in the following centuries. It was also thought to be attributable to poverty and poor sanitation. Leprosy was not considered an infectious disease until 1873, when physician G. H. A. Hansen first identified
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041081-5
    ISSN 2532-8689 ; 1124-9390
    ISSN (online) 2532-8689
    ISSN 1124-9390
    DOI 10.53854/liim-3104-19
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 5576: Show issues Location:
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  3. Article: Monte carlo procedure for investigating light propagation and imaging of highly scattering media.

    Sassaroli, A / Blumetti, C / Martelli, F / Alianelli, L / Contini, D / Ismaelli, A / Zaccanti, G

    Applied optics

    2007  Volume 37, Issue 31, Page(s) 7392–7400

    Abstract: A Monte Carlo procedure has been developed to study photon migration through highly scattering ...

    Abstract A Monte Carlo procedure has been developed to study photon migration through highly scattering nonhomogeneous media. When two scaling relationships are used, the temporal response when scattering or absorbing inhomogeneities are introduced can be evaluated in a short time from the results of only one simulation carried out for the homogeneous medium. Examples of applications to the imaging of defects embedded into a diffusing slab, a model usually used for optical mammography, are given. Comparisons with experimental results show the correctness of the results obtained.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-03-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1559-128X
    ISSN 1559-128X
    DOI 10.1364/ao.37.007392
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Epidemiological and clinical features of Spanish flu in the city of Ferrara and in Italy. Containment rules and health measures adopted in the past to fight the pandemic.

    Contini, Carlo / Vicentini, Chiara Beatrice

    Le infezioni in medicina

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 475–487

    Abstract: The "Spanish" flu has often been described as the "Greatest Medical Holocaust in History" and most victims were young and healthy. In Italy, as elsewhere, this pandemic influenza struck in three successive and close waves with incredible speed in a very ... ...

    Abstract The "Spanish" flu has often been described as the "Greatest Medical Holocaust in History" and most victims were young and healthy. In Italy, as elsewhere, this pandemic influenza struck in three successive and close waves with incredible speed in a very short time. The virus first arrived in a few Italian regions and gripped the country in an epidemic clamp. When the flu hit Ferrara, the health authorities began to claim that it was no more or less like the same disease that Ferrara had also experienced in the 19th century, although the population was not very willing to believe them. Moreover, the control measures were considered by all to be extremely mild, varying only the opening hours of cinemas and pharmacies and forbidding spitting on the ground; there was no disinfection of stores and streets and the dead were left at home for three days, unlike in larger cities. In 1918-19, Ferrara did much to contain the devastating effects of the war, especially in terms of saving lives. The largest Red Cross unit in Italy, later called
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-10
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041081-5
    ISSN 2532-8689 ; 1124-9390
    ISSN (online) 2532-8689
    ISSN 1124-9390
    DOI 10.53854/liim-2903-20
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5576: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  5. Article ; Online: The Italian lazarets of the Adriatic Sea: from their institution to the fight against the economic and demographic collapse caused by epidemics.

    Vicentini, Chiara Beatrice / Simonetti, Omar / Martini, Mariano / Contini, Carlo

    Le infezioni in medicina

    2023  Volume 31, Issue 1, Page(s) 116–126

    Abstract: Since antiquity, with the growth of the human population and the expansion of nuclei of people (aggregations), infectious diseases have been a constant presence which decisively changed the course of history. The word "lazaret", meaning hospital for the ... ...

    Abstract Since antiquity, with the growth of the human population and the expansion of nuclei of people (aggregations), infectious diseases have been a constant presence which decisively changed the course of history. The word "lazaret", meaning hospital for the hospitalization and treatment of plague victims and later, also leprosy, is Venetian. It was coined in the 14
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041081-5
    ISSN 2532-8689 ; 1124-9390
    ISSN (online) 2532-8689
    ISSN 1124-9390
    DOI 10.53854/liim-3101-17
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5576: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  6. Article ; Online: The history of Gin and Tonic; the infectious disease specialist long drink. When gin and tonic was not ordered but prescribed.

    Simonetti, Omar / Contini, Carlo / Martini, Mariano

    Le infezioni in medicina

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 4, Page(s) 619–626

    Abstract: Winston Churchill statement promoting : Results: The spectacular voyage of Gin and Tonic teaches us that a popular recreational drink of our Century was a powerful prophylaxis which certainly helped British colonial expansion. ...

    Abstract Winston Churchill statement promoting
    Results: The spectacular voyage of Gin and Tonic teaches us that a popular recreational drink of our Century was a powerful prophylaxis which certainly helped British colonial expansion.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041081-5
    ISSN 2532-8689 ; 1124-9390
    ISSN (online) 2532-8689
    ISSN 1124-9390
    DOI 10.53854/liim-3004-18
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5576: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  7. Article ; Online: A Calcium- and GTP-Dependent Transglutaminase in

    Almugadam, Shawgi Hago / Trentini, Alessandro / Maritati, Martina / Contini, Carlo / Manfrinato, Maria Cristina / Cervellati, Carlo / Bellini, Tiziana / Hanau, Stefania

    Veterinary sciences

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 3

    Abstract: While human and animal leishmaniasis affect several millions of people worldwide, ...

    Abstract While human and animal leishmaniasis affect several millions of people worldwide,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2768971-2
    ISSN 2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
    ISSN (online) 2306-7381
    ISSN 2306-7381
    DOI 10.3390/vetsci10030234
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Control measures of a 400-year-old plague epidemic: an example of past efficiency at controlling disease and similarities with current epidemics.

    Vicentini, Chiara Beatrice / Contini, Carlo

    Le infezioni in medicina

    2020  Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 621–633

    Abstract: The plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, provides one of the best historical examples of pandemic infection. It can therefore be considered the first "globalized" disease, thanks also to the crowds that favoured the rebalancing of infectious ... ...

    Abstract The plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, provides one of the best historical examples of pandemic infection. It can therefore be considered the first "globalized" disease, thanks also to the crowds that favoured the rebalancing of infectious agents between Europe and the Middle East. In this paper we analyse all the official documents of the time, highlighting the most effective prevention measures implemented in the city of Ferrara during the Italian plague. Historical mortality data for the 1630 Italian plague in northern Italy are first analysed. In contrast to the high rates recorded throughout the area from Milan to Florence, the mortality rate in Ferrara remained normal over the period. From the city's documents it emerged that the authorities, from the 16th century onwards, had already understood that the spread of the contagion could also occur through domestic animals, although rats are never mentioned. The strength of Ferrara's response to the "plague emergency" stems from an efficient and emergency-ready health control system, financed and supported by the "permanent surveillance team of the city and the Pontifical Legation of Ferrara - Azienda Sanitaria Pubblica" even in times of great economic difficulty for the State. Among the various measures that the city of Ferrara adopted to deal with the plague the following should be mentioned: guards at the city gates, lazarettos, safety of doctors, self-isolation and treatment of every suspicious case as if it were a real case of plague, measures to support the poorer classes of the population, veterinary and hygiene standards for the city and for housing, management of Catholic religious functions and the precepts of the Legation of Ferrara, which was under papal control, closure of churches to avoid mass gatherings, and limitations of all kinds of social and economic relations within and outside the population. The broad regimen, laid down in the 16th century, contains extremely modern health rules which are very much in line with those recommended by the WHO and the health authorities of each individual state in the current COVID-19 pandemic, even starting with hand-washing. The fight against epidemics of the past, especially the history of the plague in the 17th century, anticipates very important and valid concepts, and represents a wake-up call for the recent epidemics of emerging pathogens.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Disease Vectors ; History, 17th Century ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Paintings/history ; Pandemics/history ; Plague/epidemiology ; Plague/history ; Plague/prevention & control ; Plague/transmission ; Yersinia pestis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-30
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2041081-5
    ISSN 1124-9390
    ISSN 1124-9390
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 5576: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  9. Article: Special Issue: Advances in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

    Contini, Carlo / Rotondo, John Charles / Perna, Benedetta / Guarino, Matteo / De Giorgio, Roberto

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 4

    Abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus which was first reported in late 2019 in China, from where it then spread worldwide [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus which was first reported in late 2019 in China, from where it then spread worldwide [...].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11041048
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Macrophage Activation in Follicular Conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

    Gallenga, Carla Enrica / Maritati, Martina / Mura, Marco / Di Virgilio, Francesco / Conti, Pio / Contini, Carlo

    Microorganisms

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 9

    Abstract: Among the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, follicular conjunctivitis has become relevant. The conjunctiva acts as an open lymph node, reacting to the viral antigen that binds the epithelial cells, forming follicles of B cells with activated T cells and NK cells ... ...

    Abstract Among the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, follicular conjunctivitis has become relevant. The conjunctiva acts as an open lymph node, reacting to the viral antigen that binds the epithelial cells, forming follicles of B cells with activated T cells and NK cells on its surface, which, in turn, talk to monocyte-derived inflammatory infected macrophages. Here, the NLRP3 inflammasome is a major driver in releasing pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and caspase-1, leading to follicular conjunctivitis and bulbar congestion, even as isolated signs in the 'asymptomatic' patient.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-31
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2720891-6
    ISSN 2076-2607
    ISSN 2076-2607
    DOI 10.3390/microorganisms11092198
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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