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  1. Article ; Online: A randomized controlled trial of H uman P apilloma v irus (HPV) testing fo r c ervic al cancer screening

    Smith Laurie W / Peacock Stuart J / Ceballos Kathy / Ehlen Thomas G / Martin Ruth E / Krajden Mel / van Niekerk Dirk J / Ogilvie Gina S / Kan Lisa / Cook Darrel A / Mei Wendy / Stuart Gavin CE / Franco Eduardo L / Coldman Andrew J

    BMC Cancer, Vol 10, Iss 1, p

    trial design and preliminary results (HPV FOCAL Trial)

    2010  Volume 111

    Abstract: Abstract Background In the HPV FOCAL trial, we will establish the efficacy of hr-HPV DNA testing as a stand-alone screening test followed by liquid based cytology (LBC) triage of hr-HPV-positive women compared to LBC followed by hr-HPV triage with ≥ CIN3 ...

    Abstract Abstract Background In the HPV FOCAL trial, we will establish the efficacy of hr-HPV DNA testing as a stand-alone screening test followed by liquid based cytology (LBC) triage of hr-HPV-positive women compared to LBC followed by hr-HPV triage with ≥ CIN3 as the outcome. Methods/Design HPV-FOCAL is a randomized, controlled, three-armed study over a four year period conducted in British Columbia. It will recruit 33,000 women aged 25-65 through the province's population based cervical cancer screening program. Control arm: LBC at entry and two years, and combined LBC and hr-HPV at four years among those with initial negative results and hr-HPV triage of ASCUS cases; Two Year Safety Check arm : hr-HPV at entry and LBC at two years in those with initial negative results with LBC triage of hr-HPV positives; Four Year Intervention Arm : hr-HPV at entry and combined hr-HPV and LBC at four years among those with initial negative results with LBC triage of hr-HPV positive cases Discussion To date, 6150 participants have a completed sample and epidemiologic questionnaire. Of the 2019 women enrolled in the control arm, 1908 (94.5%) were cytology negative. Women aged 25-29 had the highest rates of HSIL (1.4%). In the safety arm 92.2% of women were hr-HPV negative, with the highest rate of hr-HPV positivity found in 25-29 year old women (23.5%). Similar results were obtained in the intervention arm HPV FOCAL is the first randomized trial in North America to examine hr-HPV testing as the primary screen for cervical cancer within a population-based cervical cancer screening program. Trial Registration International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Register, ISRCTN79347302
    Keywords Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Oncology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BioMed Central
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A correction to the research article titled: "Amplification of the driving oncogene, KRAS or BRAF, underpins acquired resistance to MEK1/2 inhibitors in colorectal cancer cells" by A. S. Little, K. Balmanno, M. J. Sale, S. Newman, J. R. Dry, M. Hampson, P. A. W. Edwards, P. D. Smith, S. J. Cook.

    Little, Annette S / Balmanno, Kathryn / Sale, Matthew J / Newman, Scott / Dry, Jonathan R / Hampson, Mark / Edwards, Paul A W / Smith, Paul D / Cook, Simon J

    Science signaling

    2011  Volume 4, Issue 170, Page(s) er2

    Abstract: The acquisition of resistance to protein kinase inhibitors is a growing problem in cancer treatment. We modeled acquired resistance to the MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated or extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase kinases 1 and 2) inhibitor selumetinib ( ... ...

    Abstract The acquisition of resistance to protein kinase inhibitors is a growing problem in cancer treatment. We modeled acquired resistance to the MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated or extracellular signal–regulated protein kinase kinases 1 and 2) inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244) in colorectal cancer cell lines harboring mutations in BRAF (COLO205 and HT29 lines) or KRAS (HCT116 and LoVo lines). AZD6244-resistant derivatives were refractory to AZD6244-induced cell cycle arrest and death and exhibited a marked increase in ERK1/2 (extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1 and 2) pathway signaling and cyclin D1 abundance when assessed in the absence of inhibitor. Genomic sequencing revealed no acquired mutations in MEK1 or MEK2, the primary target of AZD6244. Rather, resistant lines showed a marked up-regulation of their respective driving oncogenes, BRAF600E or KRAS13D, due to intrachromosomal amplification. Inhibition of BRAF reversed resistance to AZD6244 in COLO205 cells, which suggested that combined inhibition of MEK1/2 and BRAF may reduce the likelihood of acquired resistance in tumors with BRAF600E. Knockdown of KRAS reversed AZD6244 resistance in HCT116 cells as well as reduced the activation of ERK1/2 and protein kinase B; however, the combined inhibition of ERK1/2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling had little effect on AZD6244 resistance, suggesting that additional KRAS effector pathways contribute to this process. Microarray analysis identified increased expression of an 18-gene signature previously identified as reflecting MEK1/2 pathway output in resistant cells. Thus, amplification of the driving oncogene (BRAF600E or KRAS13D) can drive acquired resistance to MEK1/2 inhibitors by increasing signaling through the ERK1/2 pathway. However, up-regulation of KRAS13D leads to activation of multiple KRAS effector pathways, underlining the therapeutic challenge posed by KRAS mutations. These results may have implications for the use of combination therapies.
    MeSH term(s) Benzimidazoles ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Genes, ras ; Humans ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; Up-Regulation ; ras Proteins/genetics
    Chemical Substances AZD 6244 ; Benzimidazoles ; KRAS protein, human ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; BRAF protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases (EC 2.7.12.2) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) (EC 3.6.5.2) ; ras Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-06-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Corrected and Republished Article
    ZDB-ID 2417226-1
    ISSN 1937-9145 ; 1945-0877
    ISSN (online) 1937-9145
    ISSN 1945-0877
    DOI 10.1126/scisignal.4170er2
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  3. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Practical field ecology

    Wheater, C. Philip / Bell, James Robert / Cook, Penny A.

    2020  

    Author's details C. Philip Wheater, Penny A. Cook, James R. Bell
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (xxxvi, 425 Seiten), Illustrationen
    Edition Second edition
    Publisher Wiley Blackwell
    Publishing place Hoboken, NJ
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Note Previous edition: 2011 ; Includes bibliographical references and index
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    HBZ-ID HT020467821
    ISBN 978-1-119-41323-3 ; 9781119413226 ; 1-119-41323-0 ; 1119413222
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  4. Article ; Online: A Nod and a WNK (Kinase): Understanding Airway Surface Liquid pH.

    Cook, Daniel P / Peebles, R Stokes

    American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology

    2022  Volume 67, Issue 4, Page(s) 421–422

    MeSH term(s) Cystic Fibrosis ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
    Chemical Substances Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1025960-0
    ISSN 1535-4989 ; 1044-1549
    ISSN (online) 1535-4989
    ISSN 1044-1549
    DOI 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0285ED
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  5. Article: Serial ultrasonographic imaging can predict failure after meniscus allograft transplantation.

    Cook, James L / Cook, Cristi R / Rucinski, Kylee / Stannard, James P

    Ultrasound (Leeds, England)

    2022  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 139–146

    Abstract: Introduction: Treatment monitoring after meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) is challenging. Ultrasonographic (US) imaging has been proposed as a modality that may allow for treatment monitoring after MAT, but has yet to be clinically validated for ...

    Abstract Introduction: Treatment monitoring after meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT) is challenging. Ultrasonographic (US) imaging has been proposed as a modality that may allow for treatment monitoring after MAT, but has yet to be clinically validated for this purpose. The objective of this study was to assess the capabilities for serial US imaging during the first year after surgery to predict short-term MAT failure.
    Methods: Patients who had undergone Meniscus-only or Meniscus-Tibia MAT for treatment of medial or lateral meniscus deficiency were prospectively evaluated by US imaging at various time points after transplantation. Each meniscus was evaluated for abnormalities in echogenicity, shape, associated effusion, extrusion and extrusion with weightbearing (WB).
    Results: Data from 31 patients with a mean follow-up of 32 ± 16 (range, 12-55) months were analysed. MAT failure occurred in 6 patients (19.4%) at a median time point of 20 (range, 14-28) months with 4 (12.9%) converted to total knee arthroplasty. US imaging was effective for assessing MAT extrusion and imaging with WB demonstrated dynamic changes in MAT extrusion. US characteristics that were significantly associated with higher likelihood for MAT failure included abnormal echogenicity, localised effusion, extrusion with WB at 6 months, and localised effusion and extrusion with WB at 1 year.
    Conclusions: US assessments of meniscus allografts at 6 months after transplantation can effectively determine risk for short-term failure. Abnormal meniscus echogenicity, persistent localised effusion and extrusion with weightbearing were associated with 8-15 times higher odds for failure, which occurred at a median of 20 months post-transplantation.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2298926-2
    ISSN 1743-1344 ; 1742-271X
    ISSN (online) 1743-1344
    ISSN 1742-271X
    DOI 10.1177/1742271X221131283
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  6. Article ; Online: Objectively-measured step cadence and walking patterns in a rural African setting

    Ian Cook

    BMC Research Notes, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    a cross-sectional analysis

    2022  Volume 8

    Abstract: ... group (p ≤ 0.0112). For both groups, 75% of steps were accumulated in bouts > 15 min, and 95% of bouts ... cadences contributed more to step accumulation than the OW/OB group (p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant ... group differences in bout length strategy parameters (p ≥ 0.0861). Despite no difference between ...

    Abstract Abstract Objectives To investigate free-living, accelerometry-derived step cadence and walking strategy parameters in 263 adult women (19–56 years) within a rural African setting. Participants were categorised into weight groups: Under-to-Normal Weight (UW/NW: < 25 kg/m2), Overweight-to-Obese (OW/OB: ≥ 25 kg/m2). From the minute-by-minute uni-axial accelerometry data, outcomes describing physical activity intensity, step volume, step cadence and step bouts were extracted. In addition, walking pattern parameters for step bout length and step cadence were determined. Results Average step volume was 13,568 steps/day, and > 85% of participants were classified as active-to-highly-active. Overall, ≈ 45% of daily steps was accumulated in the low-to-moderate intensity range. Peak cadence indices were higher in the UW/NW group (p ≤ 0.0112). For both groups, 75% of steps were accumulated in bouts > 15 min, and 95% of bouts were accumulated at 1–39 steps/min. The UW/NW group employed a more varied step cadence, and higher cadences contributed more to step accumulation than the OW/OB group (p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant group differences in bout length strategy parameters (p ≥ 0.0861). Despite no difference between the weight groups in step volume, there were differences in some step cadence indices which reflect higher step intensities, and in cadence strategies chosen to accumulate steps.
    Keywords Ambulation ; Pedometry ; Movement monitor ; Measurement ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
    Subject code 796
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: The Mobile Genetic Element RD2 Affects Colonization Potential of Different GAS Serotypes.

    Cook, Laura C

    Infection and immunity

    2021  Volume 89, Issue 8, Page(s) e0018521

    Abstract: ... R. Roshika, I. Jain, J. Medicielo, J. Wächter, J. L. Danger, P. Sumby, Infect Immun 89:e00722-20 ...

    Abstract M-type 28 (M28) Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]) strains are highly associated with life-threatening puerperal infections. Genome sequencing has revealed a large mobile genetic element, RD2, present in most M28 GAS isolates but not found widely in other serotypes. Previous studies have linked RD2 to the ability of M28 GAS to colonize the vaginal tract. A new study by Roshika and colleagues (R. Roshika, I. Jain, J. Medicielo, J. Wächter, J. L. Danger, P. Sumby, Infect Immun 89:e00722-20, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00722-20) used gain-of-function mutants in three different GAS serotypes to help determine why RD2 appears to have a serotype preference and what that could mean for GAS mucosal colonization and pathogenesis.
    MeSH term(s) DNA Transposable Elements ; Disease Susceptibility/immunology ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics/methods ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Serogroup ; Streptococcal Infections/microbiology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/classification ; Streptococcus pyogenes/genetics ; Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology ; Streptococcus pyogenes/pathogenicity ; Virulence Factors/genetics
    Chemical Substances DNA Transposable Elements ; Virulence Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 218698-6
    ISSN 1098-5522 ; 0019-9567
    ISSN (online) 1098-5522
    ISSN 0019-9567
    DOI 10.1128/IAI.00185-21
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  8. Article: Skin manifestations of inborn errors of NF-κB.

    Shen, Yitong / Boulton, Anne P R / Yellon, Robert L / Cook, Matthew C

    Frontiers in pediatrics

    2023  Volume 10, Page(s) 1098426

    Abstract: More than 400 single gene defects have been identified as inborn errors of immunity, including many arising from genes encoding proteins that affect NF-κB activity. We summarise the skin phenotypes in this subset of disorders and provide an overview of ... ...

    Abstract More than 400 single gene defects have been identified as inborn errors of immunity, including many arising from genes encoding proteins that affect NF-κB activity. We summarise the skin phenotypes in this subset of disorders and provide an overview of pathogenic mechanisms. NF-κB acts cell-intrinsically in basal epithelial cells during differentiation of skin appendages, influences keratinocyte proliferation and survival, and both responses to and amplification of inflammation, particularly TNF. Skin phenotypes include ectodermal dysplasia, reduction and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, and aberrant recruitment of inflammatory cells, which often occur in combination. Phenotypes conferred by these rare monogenic syndromes often resemble those observed with more common defects. This includes oral and perineal ulceration and pustular skin disease as occurs with Behcet's disease, hyperkeratosis with microabscess formation similar to psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. Thus, these genotype-phenotype relations provide diagnostic clues for this subset of IEIs, and also provide insights into mechanisms of more common forms of skin disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2711999-3
    ISSN 2296-2360
    ISSN 2296-2360
    DOI 10.3389/fped.2022.1098426
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  9. Article ; Online: Initial Outcomes After Unicompartmental Tibiofemoral Bipolar Osteochondral and Meniscal Allograft Transplantation in the Knee Using MOPS-Preserved Fresh (Viable) Tissues.

    Cook, James L / Rucinski, Kylee / Crecelius, Cory R / Stannard, James P

    The American journal of sports medicine

    2023  Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 596–604

    Abstract: Background: Unicompartmental tibiofemoral bipolar osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCAT) with meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has not historically been associated with consistently successful outcomes for treatment of knee articular ... ...

    Abstract Background: Unicompartmental tibiofemoral bipolar osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCAT) with meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has not historically been associated with consistently successful outcomes for treatment of knee articular cartilage defects with meniscal deficiency.
    Hypothesis: Primary OCAT and MAT using fresh tissues will be associated with successful short-term outcomes based on statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in pain and function in the majority of patients.
    Study design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
    Methods: Patients were prospectively enrolled into a registry for outcomes after OCAT and MAT. Patients included those who underwent primary OCAT and MAT using Missouri Osteochondral Preservation System (MOPS)-preserved allografts for treatment of large bipolar tibiofemoral articular cartilage defects with meniscal deficiency and had a minimum of 2-year follow-up data.
    Results: A total of 76 patients (n = 52 male; 68%) met inclusion criteria (mean follow-up, 52 months). The mean age was 41.1 years (range, 15-69 years), and the mean body mass index was 28.9 (range, 17-46); 48 patients underwent another OCAT in addition to the unicompartmental bipolar tibiofemoral OCAT and MAT; 23 patients (30.3%) were documented to be nonadherent to the prescribed postoperative restriction and rehabilitation protocol. The initial success rate (>2 years) was 77.6%, with 8 patients (10.5%) undergoing revision and 9 (11.8%) converting to arthroplasty. Variables associated with an increased risk for treatment failure (revision or arthroplasty) included ipsilateral osteotomy (
    Conclusion: Unicompartmental tibiofemoral bipolar OCAT and MAT can result in successful short-term outcomes (2-6 years) and satisfaction in the majority of patients (78%). Primary MOPS-preserved OCAT with MAT for treatment of femoral condyle and tibial plateau articular cartilage defects with concurrent meniscal deficiency was associated with statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in patient-reported measures of pain and function.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Missouri ; Follow-Up Studies ; Bone Transplantation/methods ; Knee Joint/surgery ; Cartilage, Articular/transplantation ; Allografts ; Pain/surgery ; Reoperation ; Menisci, Tibial/transplantation
    Chemical Substances morpholinopropane sulfonic acid (273BP63NV3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 197482-8
    ISSN 1552-3365 ; 0363-5465
    ISSN (online) 1552-3365
    ISSN 0363-5465
    DOI 10.1177/03635465221144003
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  10. Article ; Online: Voting restrictions associated with health inequities in teenage birth rates.

    Pabayo, R / Liu, S Y / Grinshteyn, E / Steele, B / Cook, D M / Muennig, P

    Public health

    2023  Volume 218, Page(s) 121–127

    Abstract: Objectives: Since the Landmark Shelby V. Holder Supreme Court Ruling, the number of laws in the United States that make it difficult to vote has increased dramatically. This may lead to legislation that limits access to health care, including options ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Since the Landmark Shelby V. Holder Supreme Court Ruling, the number of laws in the United States that make it difficult to vote has increased dramatically. This may lead to legislation that limits access to health care, including options for family planning services. We determine whether voting restrictions are associated with county-level teenage birth rates.
    Study design: This is an ecological study.
    Methods: The Cost of Voting Index, a state-level measure of barriers to voting during US elections from 1996 to 2016, was used as a proxy for access to voting. County-level teenage birth rates were obtained from the County Health Rankings data. We used multilevel modeling to determine whether restrictive voting laws were associated with county-level teenage birth rates. We tested whether associations varied across racial and socio-economic groups.
    Results: When confounders were included, a significant association was observed between increasing voting restrictions and teenage birth rates (β = 1.72, 95% confidence interval: 0.54, 2.89). A Cost of Voting Index-median income interaction term was tested and was statistically significant (β = -1.00, 95% confidence interval: -1.36, -0.64), indicating that the observed relationship was particularly strong among lower-income counties. The number of reproductive health clinics per capita within each state is a potential mediator.
    Conclusion: Restrictive voting laws were associated with higher teenage birth rates, particularly for low-income counties. Future work should use methods in which a causal relation can be identified.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Birth Rate ; Income ; Family Planning Services ; Health Inequities ; Politics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-03
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 427333-3
    ISSN 1476-5616 ; 0033-3506
    ISSN (online) 1476-5616
    ISSN 0033-3506
    DOI 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.02.022
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