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Article ; Online: Receptive language and receptive-expressive discrepancy in minimally verbal autistic children and adolescents.

Chen, Yanru / Siles, Brynn / Tager-Flusberg, Helen

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

2023 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 381–394

Abstract: Among the approximately one-third of autistic individuals who experience considerable challenges in acquiring spoken language and are minimally verbal (MV), relatively little is known about the range of their receptive language abilities. This study ... ...

Abstract	Among the approximately one-third of autistic individuals who experience considerable challenges in acquiring spoken language and are minimally verbal (MV), relatively little is known about the range of their receptive language abilities. This study included 1579 MV autistic children and adolescents between 5 and 18 years of age drawn from the National Database for Autism Research and the SFARI Base data repository. MV autistic children and adolescents demonstrated significantly lower receptive language compared to the norms on standardized language assessment and parent report measures. Moreover, their receptive language gap widened with age. Overall, our sample demonstrated significantly better receptive than expressive language. However, at the individual level, only about 25% of MV autistic children and adolescents demonstrated significantly better receptive language relative to their minimal expressive levels. Social skills explained a significant proportion of the variance in parent-reported receptive language skills, while motor skills were the most significant predictor of greater receptive-expressive discrepancy. Findings from this study revealed the heterogeneous language profiles in MV autistic children and adolescents, underscoring the importance of individualizing interventions to match their different communication strengths and needs and integrating multiple interconnected areas to optimize their overall development of language comprehension, socialization, and general motor skills.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Autistic Disorder/complications ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications ; Language ; Communication ; Comprehension ; Language Development
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2481338-2
ISSN	1939-3806 ; 1939-3792
ISSN (online)	1939-3806
ISSN	1939-3792
DOI	10.1002/aur.3079
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Article ; Online: Introduction to the Research Symposium Forum.

Tager-Flusberg, Helen

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

2019 Volume 61, Issue 11, Page(s) 2613–2614

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this introduction is to provide an overview of the articles contained within this research forum of JSLHR. Each of these articles is based upon presentations from the 2017 ASHA Research Symposium. ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this introduction is to provide an overview of the articles contained within this research forum of JSLHR. Each of these articles is based upon presentations from the 2017 ASHA Research Symposium.
MeSH term(s)	Autistic Disorder ; Biomedical Research ; Child ; Child Development ; Humans ; Infant
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Introductory Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1364086-0
ISSN	1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
ISSN (online)	1558-9102
ISSN	1092-4388
DOI	10.1044/2018_JSLHR-L-RSAUT-18-0398
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Article ; Online: Vowel distinctiveness as a concurrent predictor of expressive language function in autistic children.

Simeone, Paul J / Green, Jordan R / Tager-Flusberg, Helen / Chenausky, Karen V

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

2024 Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 419–431

Abstract: Speech ability may limit spoken language development in some minimally verbal autistic children. In this study, we aimed to determine whether an acoustic measure of speech production, vowel distinctiveness, is concurrently related to expressive language ( ...

Abstract	Speech ability may limit spoken language development in some minimally verbal autistic children. In this study, we aimed to determine whether an acoustic measure of speech production, vowel distinctiveness, is concurrently related to expressive language (EL) for autistic children. Syllables containing the vowels [i] and [a] were recorded remotely from 27 autistic children (4;1-7;11) with a range of spoken language abilities. Vowel distinctiveness was calculated using automatic formant tracking software. Robust hierarchical regressions were conducted with receptive language (RL) and vowel distinctiveness as predictors of EL. Hierarchical regressions were also conducted within a High EL and a Low EL subgroup. Vowel distinctiveness accounted for 29% of the variance in EL for the entire group, RL for 38%. For the Low EL group, only vowel distinctiveness was significant, accounting for 38% of variance in EL. Conversely, in the High EL group, only RL was significant and accounted for 26% of variance in EL. Replicating previous results, speech production and RL significantly predicted concurrent EL in autistic children, with speech production being the sole significant predictor for the Low EL group and RL the sole significant predictor for the High EL group. Further work is needed to determine whether vowel distinctiveness longitudinally, as well as concurrently, predicts EL. Findings have important implications for the early identification of language impairment and in developing language interventions for autistic children.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Autistic Disorder/complications ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/complications ; Language ; Speech ; Language Disorders ; Phonetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2481338-2
ISSN	1939-3806 ; 1939-3792
ISSN (online)	1939-3806
ISSN	1939-3792
DOI	10.1002/aur.3102
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Article ; Online: Real-time coded measures in natural language samples capture change over time in minimally verbal autistic children.

La Valle, Chelsea / Shen, Lue / Shih, Wendy / Kasari, Connie / Lord, Catherine / Tager-Flusberg, Helen

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

2024

Abstract: Prior research supports the use of natural language sampling (NLS) to assess the rate of speech utterances (URate) and the rate of conversational turns (CTRate) in minimally verbal (MV) autistic children. Bypassing time-consuming transcription, previous ... ...

Abstract	Prior research supports the use of natural language sampling (NLS) to assess the rate of speech utterances (URate) and the rate of conversational turns (CTRate) in minimally verbal (MV) autistic children. Bypassing time-consuming transcription, previous work demonstrated the ability to derive URate and CTRate using real-time coding methods and provided support for their strong psychometric properties. (1) Unexplored is how URate and CTRate using real-time coding methods capture change over time and (2) whether specific child factors predict changes in URate and CTRate in 50 MV autistic children (40 males; M = 75.54, SD = 16.45 (age in months)). A NLS was collected at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) (4.5 months between T1 and T2) and coding was conducted in ELAN Linguistic Annotator software using a real-time coding approach to derive URate and CTRate. Findings from paired samples Wilcoxon tests revealed a significant increase in child URate (not examiner URate) and child and examiner CTRate from T1 to T2. Child chronological age, Mullen expressive language age equivalent scores, and URate and CTRate at T1 were predictive of URate and CTRate at T2. Findings support using NLS-derived real-time coded measures of URate and CTRate to efficiently capture change over time in MV autistic children. Identifying child factors that predict changes in URate and CTRate can help in the tailoring of goals to children's individual needs and strengths.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2481338-2
ISSN	1939-3806 ; 1939-3792
ISSN (online)	1939-3806
ISSN	1939-3792
DOI	10.1002/aur.3142
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Article ; Online: Are minimally verbal autistic children's modality and form of communication associated with parent responsivity?

La Valle, Chelsea / Shen, Lue / Butler, Lindsay K / Tager-Flusberg, Helen

Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research

2024

Abstract: Prior work examined how minimally verbal (MV) children with autism used their gestural communication during social interactions. However, interactions are exchanges between social partners. Examining parent-child social interactions is critically ... ...

Abstract	Prior work examined how minimally verbal (MV) children with autism used their gestural communication during social interactions. However, interactions are exchanges between social partners. Examining parent-child social interactions is critically important given the influence of parent responsivity on children's communicative development. Specifically, parent responses that are semantically contingent to the child's communication plays an important role in further shaping children's language learning. This study examines whether MV autistic children's (N = 47; 48-95 months; 10 females) modality and form of communication are associated with parent responsivity during an in-home parent-child interaction (PCI). The PCI was collected using natural language sampling methods and coded for child modality and form of communication and parent responses. Findings from Kruskal-Wallis H tests revealed that there was no significant difference in parent semantically contingent responses based on child communication modality (spoken language, gesture, gesture-speech combinations, and AAC) and form of communication (precise vs. imprecise). Findings highlight the importance of examining multiple modalities and forms of communication in MV children with autism to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of their communication abilities; and underscore the inclusion of interactionist models of communication to examine children's input on parent responses in further shaping language learning experiences.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2481338-2
ISSN	1939-3806 ; 1939-3792
ISSN (online)	1939-3806
ISSN	1939-3792
DOI	10.1002/aur.3131
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Article: Evaluating early EEG correlates of restricted and repetitive behaviors for toddlers with or without autism.

Chung, Haerin / Wilkinson, Carol L / Job Said, Alex / Tager-Flusberg, Helen / Nelson, Charles A

Research square

2024

Abstract: Background: Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) are among the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite the potential impact on later developmental outcomes, our understanding of the neural underpinnings of RRBs is limited. ...

Abstract	Background: Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) are among the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite the potential impact on later developmental outcomes, our understanding of the neural underpinnings of RRBs is limited. Alterations in EEG alpha activity have been observed in ASD and implicated in RRBs, however, developmental changes within the alpha band requires careful methodological considerations when studying its role in brain-behavior relationships during infancy and early childhood. Novel approaches now enable the parameterization of the power spectrum into periodic and aperiodic components. This study aimed to characterize the neural correlates of RRBs in infancy by (1) comparing infant resting-state measures (periodic alpha and aperiodic activity) between infants who develop ASD, elevated likelihood infants without ASD, and low likelihood infants without ASD, and (2) evaluate whether these infant EEG measures are associated with frequency of RRBs measured at 24 months. Methods: Baseline non-task related EEG data were collected from 12-to-14-month-old infants with and without elevated likelihood of autism (N=160), and periodic alpha activity (periodic alpha power, individual peak alpha frequency and amplitude), and aperiodic activity measures (aperiodic exponent) were calculated. Parent-reported RRBs were obtained at 24 months using the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised questionnaire. Group differences in EEG measures were evaluated using ANCOVA, and multiple linear regressions were conducted to assess relationships between EEG and RRB measures. Results: No group-level differences in infant EEG measures were observed. Marginal effects analysis of linear regressions revealed significant associations within the ASD group, such that higher periodic alpha power, lower peak alpha frequency, and lower aperiodic exponent, were associated with elevated RRBs at 24 months. No significant associations were observed for non-ASD outcome groups. Limitations: The sample size for ASD (N=19) was modest for examining brain-behavior relations. Larger sample sizes are needed to increase statistical power. Conclusion: For infants with later ASD diagnoses, measures of alpha and aperiodic activity measured at 1-year of age were associated with later manifestation of RRBs at 2-years. Longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate whether the early trajectory of these EEG measures and their dynamic relations in development influence manifestations of RRBs in ASD.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.21203/rs.3.rs-3871138/v1
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Article ; Online: Associations between attentional biases to fearful faces and social-emotional development in infants with and without an older sibling with autism.

Wagner, Jennifer B / Keehn, Brandon / Tager-Flusberg, Helen / Nelson, Charles A

Infant behavior & development

2023 Volume 71, Page(s) 101811

Abstract: During the first year of life, infants become increasingly attuned to facial emotion, with heightened sensitivity to faces conveying threat observed by age seven months as illustrated through attentional biases (e.g., slower shifting away from fearful ... ...

Abstract	During the first year of life, infants become increasingly attuned to facial emotion, with heightened sensitivity to faces conveying threat observed by age seven months as illustrated through attentional biases (e.g., slower shifting away from fearful faces). Individual differences in these cognitive attentional biases have been discussed in relation to broader social-emotional functioning, and the current study examines these associations in infants with an older sibling with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a group with an elevated likelihood of a subsequent ASD diagnosis (ELA; n = 33), and a group of infants with no family history of ASD who are at low likelihood of ASD (LLA; n = 24). All infants completed a task measuring disengagement of attention from faces at 12 months (fearful, happy, neutral), and caregivers completed the Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment at 12, 18, and/or 24 months. For the full sample, greater fear bias in attention disengagement at 12 months related to more internalizing behaviors at 18 months, and this was driven by the LLA infants. When examining groups separately, findings revealed that LLA with a greater fear bias had more difficult behaviors at 12, 18, and 24 months; in contrast, ELA showed the opposite pattern, and this was most pronounced for ELA who later received an ASD diagnosis. These preliminary group-level findings suggest that heightened sensitivity to fearful faces might serve an adaptive function in children who later receive an ASD diagnosis, but in infants with no family history of ASD, increased biases might reflect a marker of social-emotional difficulties.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/psychology ; Autistic Disorder ; Attentional Bias ; Siblings ; Facial Expression ; Emotions ; Fear/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	224510-3
ISSN	1934-8800 ; 1879-0453 ; 0163-6383
ISSN (online)	1934-8800 ; 1879-0453
ISSN	0163-6383
DOI	10.1016/j.infbeh.2023.101811
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Article ; Online: Parental Perspectives: How Sensory Sensitivities Impact the Transition to Adulthood in Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Hantman, Rachel M / Johnston, Emily B / Tager-Flusberg, Helen

Journal of autism and developmental disorders

2022 Volume 54, Issue 2, Page(s) 544–562

Abstract: Sensory sensitivities are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and impact daily life, but research has largely focused on children, neglecting older individuals. Likewise, while there is research regarding parental concerns for their autistic ... ...

Abstract	Sensory sensitivities are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and impact daily life, but research has largely focused on children, neglecting older individuals. Likewise, while there is research regarding parental concerns for their autistic children's transition to adulthood, little is known about the role of sensory sensitivities. To address this gap, 66 parents of autistic adolescents and young adults were interviewed and their responses were qualitatively analyzed. All parents believed their children's sensory sensitivities impacted their transition to adulthood, primary developmentally/psychologically, interpersonally/socially, and managerially. These beliefs did not significantly differ by child characteristics, such as age and ASD severity. Parent perceptions were modality and context specific. Given these findings, transition planning should consider individual's specific sensory sensitivities to optimize independence.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Autistic Disorder ; Parents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391999-7
ISSN	1573-3432 ; 0162-3257
ISSN (online)	1573-3432
ISSN	0162-3257
DOI	10.1007/s10803-022-05815-5
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Article ; Online: How do parents refer to their children while playing? A cross-linguistic comparison of parental input to Bulgarian- and English-speaking children with ASD.

Barokova, Mihaela D / Tager-Flusberg, Helen

Journal of child language

2022 Volume 50, Issue 2, Page(s) 274–295

Abstract: Instances of person-reference, in the form of personal pronouns, names, or terms of endearment, are frequently used in child-directed speech. Examining this aspect of parental input is especially relevant to children with autism, who experience ... ...

Abstract	Instances of person-reference, in the form of personal pronouns, names, or terms of endearment, are frequently used in child-directed speech. Examining this aspect of parental input is especially relevant to children with autism, who experience difficulties with person-reference. In this study, we compared the person-reference during parent-child interactions of Bulgarian (N=37) and English-speaking (N=37) parents of children with autism, who were matched on the language ability of their child. English-speaking parents used significantly more personal pronouns to refer to their children, while Bulgarian-speaking parents used the child's name more along with kinship terms. Furthermore, Bulgarian-speaking parents used significantly more different ways to refer to their child. These group differences were interpreted in the context of structural differences in the pronominal systems of Bulgarian and English, and in terms of culturally different discourse practices.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Language Development ; Bulgaria ; Language ; Linguistics ; Parents ; Autism Spectrum Disorder
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	1466489-6
ISSN	1469-7602 ; 0305-0009
ISSN (online)	1469-7602
ISSN	0305-0009
DOI	10.1017/S0305000921000842
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Article ; Online: A systematic review of the use of telehealth to facilitate a diagnosis for children with developmental concerns.

La Valle, Chelsea / Johnston, Emily / Tager-Flusberg, Helen

Research in developmental disabilities

2022 Volume 127, Page(s) 104269

Abstract: Background: Telehealth can reduce the gap between developmental concern and diagnosis. Evaluation of telehealth methods is needed for providers to make decisions about using telediagnostic assessments.: Aim: This systematic review examined telehealth ...

Abstract	Background: Telehealth can reduce the gap between developmental concern and diagnosis. Evaluation of telehealth methods is needed for providers to make decisions about using telediagnostic assessments. Aim: This systematic review examined telehealth in facilitating a diagnosis for children with developmental concerns and assessed 1) study characteristics and type of diagnostic evaluation; 2) comparison of telehealth technologies to in-person diagnostic methods; 3) feasibility and acceptability of telehealth technologies; and 4) methodological quality. Method and procedures: Peer-reviewed studies from PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane published January 2000-July 2021 were searched using "telehealth" AND "developmental concern" AND "diagnosis". Data extraction included study characteristics, diagnostic evaluation, technology, diagnostic accuracy, feasibility, and acceptability. Methodological quality was assessed using NHLBI tools. Outcomes and results: Nine studies met inclusion. Children with suspected FAS, social-emotional concerns, suspected genetic conditions, and failed hearing screenings received a telediagnosis. Evaluations included dysmorphology, feeding, neurological, developmental, audiological, and psychiatric. Seven studies used videoconferencing in real-time and two used Store-and-Forward methods. High diagnostic agreement occurred between face-to-face and remote methods. Stakeholders reported high satisfaction and feasibility. Many of the studies were rated as fair quality. Conclusions and implications: Findings underscore partnership models between local providers and remote specialists. Rigorous study designs with larger samples covering a wider range of developmental domains are needed to provide a stronger empirical base for providers.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Personal Satisfaction ; Telemedicine/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Systematic Review
ZDB-ID	639175-8
ISSN	1873-3379 ; 0891-4222
ISSN (online)	1873-3379
ISSN	0891-4222
DOI	10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104269
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