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Article ; Online: Immunoglobulin G-dependent inhibition of inflammatory bone remodeling requires pattern recognition receptor Dectin-1.

Seeling, Michaela / Pöhnl, Matthias / Kara, Sibel / Horstmann, Nathalie / Riemer, Carolina / Wöhner, Miriam / Liang, Chunguang / Brückner, Christin / Eiring, Patrick / Werner, Anja / Biburger, Markus / Altmann, Leon / Schneider, Martin / Amon, Lukas / Lehmann, Christian H K / Lee, Sooyeon / Kunz, Meik / Dudziak, Diana / Schett, Georg /

Bäuerle, Tobias / Lux, Anja / Tuckermann, Jan / Vögtle, Timo / Nieswandt, Bernhardt / Sauer, Markus / Böckmann, Rainer A / Nimmerjahn, Falk

Immunity

2023 Volume 56, Issue 5, Page(s) 1046–1063.e7

Abstract: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are major drivers of inflammation during infectious and ...

Abstract	Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are major drivers of inflammation during infectious and autoimmune diseases. In pooled serum IgG (IVIg), however, antibodies have a potent immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity, but how this is mediated is unclear. We studied IgG-dependent initiation of resolution of inflammation in cytokine- and autoantibody-driven models of rheumatoid arthritis and found IVIg sialylation inhibited joint inflammation, whereas inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was sialic acid independent. Instead, IVIg-dependent inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was abrogated in mice lacking receptors Dectin-1 or FcγRIIb. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and super-resolution microscopy revealed that Dectin-1 promoted FcγRIIb membrane conformations that allowed productive IgG binding and enhanced interactions with mouse and human IgG subclasses. IVIg reprogrammed monocytes via FcγRIIb-dependent signaling that required Dectin-1. Our data identify a pathogen-independent function of Dectin-1 as a co-inhibitory checkpoint for IgG-dependent inhibition of mouse and human osteoclastogenesis. These findings may have implications for therapeutic targeting of autoantibody and cytokine-driven inflammation.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Osteoclasts/metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptors, IgG/metabolism
Chemical Substances	CLEC7A protein, human ; Clec7a protein, mouse ; Fc gamma receptor IIB ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Lectins, C-Type ; Receptors, IgG
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1217235-2
ISSN	1097-4180 ; 1074-7613
ISSN (online)	1097-4180
ISSN	1074-7613
DOI	10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.019
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Article ; Online: Protein kinases G are essential downstream mediators of the antifibrotic effects of sGC stimulators.

Matei, Alexandru-Emil / Beyer, Christian / Györfi, Andrea-Hermina / Soare, Alina / Chen, Chih-Wei / Dees, Clara / Bergmann, Christina / Ramming, Andreas / Friebe, Andreas / Hofmann, Franz / Distler, Oliver / Schett, Georg / Distler, Jörg H W

Annals of the rheumatic diseases

2018 Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 459

Abstract: ... the role of protein kinases G (PKG) as downstream mediators of sGC-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP ...

Abstract	Objectives: Stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) are currently investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). In this study, we aim to investigate the role of protein kinases G (PKG) as downstream mediators of sGC-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in SSc. Methods: Mice with combined knockout of PKG1 and 2 were challenged with bleomycin and treated with the sGC stimulator BAY 41-2272. Fibroblasts were treated with BAY 41-2272 and with the PKG inhibitor KT 5823. Results: PKG1 and 2 are upregulated in SSc in a transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)-dependent manner, as an attempt to compensate for the decreased signalling through the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway. Inhibition or knockout of PKG1 and 2 abrogates the inhibitory effects of sGC stimulation on fibroblast activation in a SMAD-independent, but extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-dependent manner. In vivo, sGC stimulation fails to prevent bleomycin-induced fibrosis in PKG1 and 2 knockout mice. Conclusions: Our data provide evidence that PKGs are essential mediators of the antifibrotic effects of sGC stimulators through interfering with non-canonical TGFβ signalling. TGFβ1 promotes its profibrotic effects through inhibition of sGC-cGMP-PKG signalling, sGC stimulation exerts its antifibrotic effects by inhibition of TGFβ1-induced ERK phosphorylation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Bleomycin/pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Carbazoles/pharmacology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblasts/drug effects ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Fibrosis/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Middle Aged ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Pyridines/pharmacology ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Scleroderma, Systemic/metabolism ; Scleroderma, Systemic/pathology ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
Chemical Substances	3-(4-Amino-5-cyclopropylpyrimidine-2-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-b)pyridine ; Carbazoles ; Pyrazoles ; Pyridines ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Bleomycin (11056-06-7) ; KT 5823 (126643-37-6) ; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.12) ; Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	7090-7
ISSN	1468-2060 ; 0003-4967
ISSN (online)	1468-2060
ISSN	0003-4967
DOI	10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212489
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Article ; Online: Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G determines osteoclast differentiation and bone loss.

Nature communications

2015 Volume 6, Page(s) 6651

Abstract: Immunglobulin G (IgG) sialylation represents a key checkpoint that determines the engagement of pro ...

Abstract	Immunglobulin G (IgG) sialylation represents a key checkpoint that determines the engagement of pro- or anti-inflammatory Fcγ receptors (FcγR) and the direction of the immune response. Whether IgG sialylation influences osteoclast differentiation and subsequently bone architecture has not been determined yet, but may represent an important link between immune activation and bone loss. Here we demonstrate that desialylated, but not sialylated, immune complexes enhance osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we find that the Fc sialylation state of random IgG and specific IgG autoantibodies determines bone architecture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In accordance with these findings, mice treated with the sialic acid precursor N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), which results in increased IgG sialylation, are less susceptible to inflammatory bone loss. Taken together, our findings provide a novel mechanism by which immune responses influence the human skeleton and an innovative treatment approach to inhibit immune-mediated bone loss.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental/diagnostic imaging ; Arthritis, Experimental/immunology ; Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism ; Bone Resorption/diagnostic imaging ; Bone Resorption/immunology ; Bone Resorption/metabolism ; Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging ; Bone and Bones/immunology ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation/immunology ; Dynamic Light Scattering ; Female ; Galactose/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Hexosamines/pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism ; Osteoclasts/cytology ; Osteoclasts/immunology ; Osteoclasts/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Fc/genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; X-Ray Microtomography
Chemical Substances	Hexosamines ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; Immunoglobulin G ; RNA, Messenger ; Receptors, Fc ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid (GZP2782OP0) ; Galactose (X2RN3Q8DNE) ; N-acetylmannosamine (X80PR7P73R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-31
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/ncomms7651
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Article ; Online: Altered glycan accessibility on native immunoglobulin G complexes in early rheumatoid arthritis and its changes during therapy.

Stümer, J / Biermann, M H C / Knopf, J / Magorivska, I / Kastbom, A / Svärd, A / Janko, C / Bilyy, R / Schett, G / Sjöwall, C / Herrmann, M / Muñoz, L E

Clinical and experimental immunology

2017 Volume 189, Issue 3, Page(s) 372–382

Abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate the glycosylation profile of native immunoglobulin (Ig)G ...

Abstract	The goal of this study was to investigate the glycosylation profile of native immunoglobulin (Ig)G present in serum immune complexes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To accomplish this, lectin binding assays, detecting the accessibility of glycans present on IgG-containing immune complexes by biotinylated lectins, were employed. Lectins capturing fucosyl residues (AAL), fucosylated tri-mannose N-glycan core sites (LCA), terminal sialic acid residues (SNA) and O-glycosidically linked galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNac-L) were used. Patients with recent-onset RA at baseline and after 3-year follow-up were investigated. We found that native IgG was complexed significantly more often with IgM, C1q, C3c and C-reactive protein (CRP) in RA patients, suggesting alterations of the native structure of IgG. The total accessibility of fucose residues on captured immune complexes to the respective lectin was significantly higher in patients with RA. Moreover, fucose accessibility on IgG-containing immune complexes correlated positively with the levels of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP). We also observed a significantly higher accessibility to sialic acid residues and galactose/GalNAc glyco-epitopes in native complexed IgG of patients with RA at baseline. While sialic acid accessibility increased during treatment, the accessibility of galactose/GalNAc decreased. Hence, successful treatment of RA was associated with an increase in the SNA/GalNAc-L ratio. Interestingly, the SNA/GalNAc-L ratio in particular rises after glucocorticoid treatment. In summary, this study shows the exposure of glycans in native complexed IgG of patients with early RA, revealing particular glycosylation patterns and its changes following pharmaceutical treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/chemistry ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/immunology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy ; C-Reactive Protein/immunology ; C-Reactive Protein/metabolism ; Complement C1q/immunology ; Complement C1q/metabolism ; Complement C3c/immunology ; Complement C3c/metabolism ; Female ; Fucose/metabolism ; Galactose/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A/immunology ; Immunoglobulin A/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin M/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/metabolism ; Lectins/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polysaccharides/chemistry ; Polysaccharides/immunology ; Polysaccharides/metabolism ; Sambucus nigra ; Sialic Acids/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Lectins ; Polysaccharides ; Sialic Acids ; lectin, Aleuria aurantia ; Fucose (28RYY2IV3F) ; Complement C1q (80295-33-6) ; Complement C3c (80295-44-9) ; C-Reactive Protein (9007-41-4) ; Galactose (X2RN3Q8DNE)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218531-3
ISSN	1365-2249 ; 0009-9104 ; 0964-2536
ISSN (online)	1365-2249
ISSN	0009-9104 ; 0964-2536
DOI	10.1111/cei.12987
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Article ; Online: Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) consensus statement regarding labels and definitions of disease states of gout.

Bursill, David / Taylor, William J / Terkeltaub, Robert / Abhishek, Abhishek / So, Alexander K / Vargas-Santos, Ana Beatriz / Gaffo, Angelo Lino / Rosenthal, Ann / Tausche, Anne-Kathrin / Reginato, Anthony / Manger, Bernhard / Sciré, Carlo / Pineda, Carlos / van Durme, Caroline / Lin, Ching-Tsai / Yin, Congcong / Albert, Daniel Arthur / Biernat-Kaluza, Edyta / Roddy, Edward /

Pascual, Eliseo / Becce, Fabio / Perez-Ruiz, Fernando / Sivera, Francisca / Lioté, Frédéric / Schett, Georg / Nuki, George / Filippou, Georgios / McCarthy, Geraldine / da Rocha Castelar Pinheiro, Geraldo / Ea, Hang-Korng / Tupinambá, Helena De Almeida / Yamanaka, Hisashi / Choi, Hyon K / Mackay, James / ODell, James R / Vázquez Mellado, Janitzia / Singh, Jasvinder A / Fitzgerald, John D / Jacobsson, Lennart T H / Joosten, Leo / Harrold, Leslie R / Stamp, Lisa / Andrés, Mariano / Gutierrez, Marwin / Kuwabara, Masanari / Dehlin, Mats / Janssen, Matthijs / Doherty, Michael / Hershfield, Michael S / Pillinger, Michael / Edwards, N Lawrence / Schlesinger, Naomi / Kumar, Nitin / Slot, Ole / Ottaviani, Sebastien / Richette, Pascal / MacMullan, Paul A / Chapman, Peter T / Lipsky, Peter E / Robinson, Philip / Khanna, Puja P / Gancheva, Rada N / Grainger, Rebecca / Johnson, Richard J / Te Kampe, Ritch / Keenan, Robert T / Tedeschi, Sara K / Kim, Seoyoung / Choi, Sung Jae / Fields, Theodore R / Bardin, Thomas / Uhlig, Till / Jansen, Tim / Merriman, Tony / Pascart, Tristan / Neogi, Tuhina / Klück, Viola / Louthrenoo, Worawit / Dalbeth, Nicola

Annals of the rheumatic diseases

2019 Volume 78, Issue 11, Page(s) 1592–1600

Abstract: Objective: There is a lack of standardisation in the terminology used to describe gout. The aim of this project was to develop a consensus statement describing the recommended nomenclature for disease states of gout.: Methods: A content analysis of ... ...

Abstract	Objective: There is a lack of standardisation in the terminology used to describe gout. The aim of this project was to develop a consensus statement describing the recommended nomenclature for disease states of gout. Methods: A content analysis of gout-related articles from rheumatology and general internal medicine journals published over a 5-year period identified potential disease states and the labels commonly assigned to them. Based on these findings, experts in gout were invited to participate in a Delphi exercise and face-to-face consensus meeting to reach agreement on disease state labels and definitions. Results: The content analysis identified 13 unique disease states and a total of 63 unique labels. The Delphi exercise (n=76 respondents) and face-to-face meeting (n=35 attendees) established consensus agreement for eight disease state labels and definitions. The agreed labels were as follows: 'asymptomatic hyperuricaemia', 'asymptomatic monosodium urate crystal deposition', 'asymptomatic hyperuricaemia with monosodium urate crystal deposition', 'gout', 'tophaceous gout', 'erosive gout', 'first gout flare' and 'recurrent gout flares'. There was consensus agreement that the label 'gout' should be restricted to current or prior clinically evident disease caused by monosodium urate crystal deposition (gout flare, chronic gouty arthritis or subcutaneous tophus). Conclusion: Consensus agreement has been established for the labels and definitions of eight gout disease states, including 'gout' itself. The Gout, Hyperuricaemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network recommends the use of these labels when describing disease states of gout in research and clinical practice.
MeSH term(s)	Consensus ; Gout/classification ; Humans ; Hyperuricemia/classification ; Terminology as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	7090-7
ISSN	1468-2060 ; 0003-4967
ISSN (online)	1468-2060
ISSN	0003-4967
DOI	10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215933
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Article ; Online: Sialylation of anti-histone immunoglobulin G autoantibodies determines their capabilities to participate in the clearance of late apoptotic cells.

Magorivska, I / Muñoz, L E / Janko, C / Dumych, T / Rech, J / Schett, G / Nimmerjahn, F / Bilyy, R / Herrmann, M

Clinical and experimental immunology

2016 Volume 184, Issue 1, Page(s) 110–117

Abstract: The Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G harbours a single glycosylation site. Glycan sialylation is ...

Abstract	The Fc portion of immunoglobulin (Ig)G harbours a single glycosylation site. Glycan sialylation is critical for structure and for certain effector functions of IgG. Anti-histone IgG of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is reportedly responsible for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) to the clearance of apoptotic cells. Autoantibodies decorating secondary necrotic cells (SNEC) induce proinflammatory responses after activation of blood-borne phagocytes. Analysing the sialylation status of affinity-purified anti-histone IgG in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we demonstrated that the anti-histone IgG was contained preferentially in the non-sialylated fraction. In functional ex-vivo phagocytosis studies, non-sialylated anti-SNEC IgG directed SNEC preferentially into PMN but did not change their cytokine secretion profiles. In contrast, sialylated IgG reduced the phagocytosis by monocytes of SNEC. Moreover, the sialylated anti-SNEC IgG was not simply anti-inflammatory, but switched the cytokine secretion profiles from interleukin (IL)-6/IL-8 to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-1β. Here we describe how different sialylation statuses of IgG autoantibodies contribute to the complex inflammatory network that regulates chronic inflammation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apoptosis/immunology ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Autoantibodies/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glycosylation ; Histones/immunology ; Histones/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta/genetics ; Interleukin-1beta/immunology ; Interleukin-6/genetics ; Interleukin-6/immunology ; Interleukin-8/genetics ; Interleukin-8/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils/immunology ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Neutrophils/pathology ; Phagocytosis ; Primary Cell Culture ; Sialic Acids/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
Chemical Substances	Autoantibodies ; Histones ; IL6 protein, human ; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments ; Immunoglobulin G ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Sialic Acids ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	218531-3
ISSN	1365-2249 ; 0009-9104 ; 0964-2536
ISSN (online)	1365-2249
ISSN	0009-9104 ; 0964-2536
DOI	10.1111/cei.12744
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Book ; Online ; Thesis: Protein kinases G as downstream mediators of the antifibrotic effects of stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase

Matei, Alexandru-Emil [Verfasser] / Distler, Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] / Distler, Jörg [Gutachter] / Schett, Georg [Gutachter]

2019

Author's details	Alexandru-Emil Matei ; Gutachter: Jörg Distler, Georg Schett ; Betreuer: Jörg Distler
Keywords	Medizin, Gesundheit ; Medicine, Health
Subject code	sg610
Language	English
Publisher	Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
Publishing place	Erlangen
Document type	Book ; Online ; Thesis
Database	Digital theses on the web

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Article ; Online: Bessel's disease-the first report of an IgG4-related disorder.

Manger, B / Schett, G

Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie

2024

Abstract: Many aspects of IgG4-related diseases were initially described during the late 19th and early 20th century. A variety of clinical presentations caused by this common pathology have been named after the researchers who first described the disorders, such ... ...

Title translation	Bessels Krankheit – Erstbeschreibung einer IgG4-assoziierten Erkrankung.
Abstract	Many aspects of IgG4-related diseases were initially described during the late 19th and early 20th century. A variety of clinical presentations caused by this common pathology have been named after the researchers who first described the disorders, such as Mikulicz, Küttner, Riedel or Ormond. However, the initial description of retroperitoneal fibrosis dates back to even 50 years earlier, when in 1846, the Prussian private practitioner Raphael Jakob Kosch described a hitherto unknown constellation of symptoms and pathological findings in a famous patient. This celebrity was the mathematician and astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel, a close friend of Alexander von Humboldt and Carl Friedrich Gauss.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124985-x
ISSN	1435-1250 ; 0340-1855 ; 0301-6382
ISSN (online)	1435-1250
ISSN	0340-1855 ; 0301-6382
DOI	10.1007/s00393-024-01502-1
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Article ; Online: Resolution of inflammation in arthritis.

Schett, Georg

Seminars in immunopathology

2019 Volume 41, Issue 6, Page(s) 675–679

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis is among the most frequent and severe chronic inflammatory diseases. The disease is characterized by ongoing synovial inflammation, which leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone. In RA, the mechanisms of resolution of ... ...

Abstract	Rheumatoid arthritis is among the most frequent and severe chronic inflammatory diseases. The disease is characterized by ongoing synovial inflammation, which leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone. In RA, the mechanisms of resolution of inflammation, which are normally intact in the joints, are either suppressed or overruled. Little efforts have been undertaken to understand the mechanisms of resolution of arthritis until recently, when several molecular mechanisms have been identified that determine the chronicity and resolution of inflammation in the joints, respectively. This review describes the key concepts of resolution of arthritis mentioning the key mechanisms involved, such as regulatory macrophages, pro-resolving lipid, fatty acid and cytokine mediators, aggregated neutrophil extracellular trap formation, antibody glycosylation changes, and stromal cell alterations that are involved in determining the decision between chronicity and resolution of arthritis. Each of these mechanisms represents a potential therapeutic approach that allows skewing the balance of the inflammatory processes towards resolution.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Arthritis/diagnosis ; Arthritis/etiology ; Arthritis/metabolism ; Arthritis/therapy ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Susceptibility ; Extracellular Traps/immunology ; Extracellular Traps/metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation Mediators/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Macrophages/pathology ; Stromal Cells/immunology ; Stromal Cells/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Inflammation Mediators
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2316828-6
ISSN	1863-2300 ; 1863-2297
ISSN (online)	1863-2300
ISSN	1863-2297
DOI	10.1007/s00281-019-00768-x
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Article ; Online: Difficult-to-Treat Psoriatic Arthritis: A Conceptual Approach.

Fagni, Filippo / Motta, Francesca / Schett, Georg / Selmi, Carlo

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)

2024 Volume 76, Issue 5, Page(s) 670–674

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Arthritis, Psoriatic/drug therapy ; Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Antirheumatic Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2756371-6
ISSN	2326-5205 ; 2326-5191
ISSN (online)	2326-5205
ISSN	2326-5191
DOI	10.1002/art.42780
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