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Article ; Online: The passage of time during the UK Covid-19 lockdown.

Ogden, Ruth S

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e0235871

Abstract: In March 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the UK Government imposed social and physical distancing measures on the population. These lockdown measures caused significant changes to all aspects of daily life. The current study examined how the ... ...

Abstract	In March 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the UK Government imposed social and physical distancing measures on the population. These lockdown measures caused significant changes to all aspects of daily life. The current study examined how the passage of time was distorted during the lockdown period. Using an online questionnaire, day and week passage of time judgments were collected. In addition, measures of affect, task load and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction were taken. The results show that over 80% of participants experienced distortion to the passage of time during lockdown in comparison with normal. The passage of time during the day was predicted by age, stress, task load and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction. A slowing of the passage of time was associated with increasing age, increasing stress, reduced task load and reduced satisfaction with current levels of social interaction. Only age and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction predicted passage of time across a week. Again, increasing age and reduced satisfaction with levels of social interaction were associated with a slowing of the passage of time. These findings demonstrate that significant changes to daily life have a significant impact on our experience of time, with younger, more socially satisfied people more likely to experience time as passing more quickly during the lockdown.
MeSH term(s)	Activities of Daily Living/psychology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Quarantine/methods ; Quarantine/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0235871
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: How long was it for you? Memories of the duration of the UK covid-19 lockdown.

Ogden, Ruth S / Piovesan, Andrea

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 7, Page(s) e0271609

Abstract: The covid-19 global pandemic has significantly impacted on the daily lives of people across the world. One consequence of this has been significant distortion to the speed at which time feels like it is passing during day-to-day life in comparison with ... ...

Abstract	The covid-19 global pandemic has significantly impacted on the daily lives of people across the world. One consequence of this has been significant distortion to the speed at which time feels like it is passing during day-to-day life in comparison with prior to the pandemic. The current study sought to further understanding of the impact of the pandemic on temporal experience by exploring individual differences in the subjective length of the first 12 months of the pandemic in the UK. Using an online questionnaire, subjective judgments of the perceived length of the preceding 12 months were taken. In addition, measures of affect, task load and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction, physical activity, conformity with regulations, perceived covid risk and shielding status were taken. The results showed that only 9% of participants reported that the preceding 12 months felt like 12 months. The majority of participants (57%) reported that it felt like the pandemic had lasted for longer than 12 months, and this feeling was stronger for those who indicated greater levels of depression and anxiety, reduced physical activity, reduced satisfaction with social interaction and being advised to shield.
MeSH term(s)	Anxiety ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; United Kingdom/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0271609
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The passage of time during the UK Covid-19 lockdown

Ogden, Ruth S.

PLOS ONE

2020 Volume 15, Issue 7, Page(s) e0235871

Keywords	General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ; General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0235871
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Trait impulsivity influences behavioural and physiological responses to threat in a virtual environment.

Baker, Christopher / Fairclough, Stephen / Ogden, Ruth S / Barnes, Rachel / Tootill, Jessica

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 9484

Abstract: Trait impulsivity represents a tendency to take action without forethought or consideration of consequences. This trait is multifaceted and can be decomposed into attentional, motor and non-planning subtypes of impulsivity. The purpose of the current ... ...

Abstract	Trait impulsivity represents a tendency to take action without forethought or consideration of consequences. This trait is multifaceted and can be decomposed into attentional, motor and non-planning subtypes of impulsivity. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how subtypes of trait impulsivity responded to different degrees of threat within room-scale virtual reality (VR) with respect to behaviour and level of physiological activation. Thirty-four participants were required to negotiate a virtual environment (VE) where they walked at height with the continuous threat of a virtual 'fall.' Behavioural measures related to the speed of movement, interaction frequency and risk were collected. Participants also wore ambulatory sensors to collect data from electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrodermal activity (EDA). Our results indicated that participants who scored highly on non-planning impulsivity exhibited riskier behaviour and higher skin conductance level (SCL). Participants with higher motor impulsivity interacted with more objects in the VE when threat was high, they also exhibited contradictory indicators of physiological activation. Attentional impulsivity was associated with a greater number of falls across the VE. The results demonstrate that subtypes of trait impulsivity respond to threats via different patterns of behaviour and levels of physiological activation, reinforcing the multifaceted nature of the trait.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Impulsive Behavior/physiology ; Male ; Virtual Reality ; Female ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Galvanic Skin Response/physiology ; Electrocardiography ; Attention/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-60300-6
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The passage of time during the UK Covid-19 lockdown.

Ruth S Ogden

PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e

2020 Volume 0235871

Abstract	In March 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the UK Government imposed social and physical distancing measures on the population. These lockdown measures caused significant changes to all aspects of daily life. The current study examined how the passage of time was distorted during the lockdown period. Using an online questionnaire, day and week passage of time judgments were collected. In addition, measures of affect, task load and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction were taken. The results show that over 80% of participants experienced distortion to the passage of time during lockdown in comparison with normal. The passage of time during the day was predicted by age, stress, task load and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction. A slowing of the passage of time was associated with increasing age, increasing stress, reduced task load and reduced satisfaction with current levels of social interaction. Only age and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction predicted passage of time across a week. Again, increasing age and reduced satisfaction with levels of social interaction were associated with a slowing of the passage of time. These findings demonstrate that significant changes to daily life have a significant impact on our experience of time, with younger, more socially satisfied people more likely to experience time as passing more quickly during the lockdown.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The passage of time during the UK Covid-19 lockdown

Ogden, Ruth S

PLoS One

Abstract	In March 2020, in response to the Covid-19 pandemic, the UK Government imposed social and physical distancing measures on the population. These lockdown measures caused significant changes to all aspects of daily life. The current study examined how the passage of time was distorted during the lockdown period. Using an online questionnaire, day and week passage of time judgments were collected. In addition, measures of affect, task load and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction were taken. The results show that over 80% of participants experienced distortion to the passage of time during lockdown in comparison with normal. The passage of time during the day was predicted by age, stress, task load and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction. A slowing of the passage of time was associated with increasing age, increasing stress, reduced task load and reduced satisfaction with current levels of social interaction. Only age and satisfaction with current levels of social interaction predicted passage of time across a week. Again, increasing age and reduced satisfaction with levels of social interaction were associated with a slowing of the passage of time. These findings demonstrate that significant changes to daily life have a significant impact on our experience of time, with younger, more socially satisfied people more likely to experience time as passing more quickly during the lockdown.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #634199
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: The passage of time in Iraq during the covid-19 pandemic.

Alatrany, Saad S J / Ogden, Ruth / Falaiyah, Ashraf Muwafa / ALdrraji, Hasan Ali Sayyid / Alatrany, Abbas S S

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 4, Page(s) e0266877

Abstract: The covid-19 global pandemic has influenced the day-to-day lives of people across the world. One consequence of this has been significant distortion to the subjective speed at which people feel like time is passing. To date, temporal distortions during ... ...

Abstract	The covid-19 global pandemic has influenced the day-to-day lives of people across the world. One consequence of this has been significant distortion to the subjective speed at which people feel like time is passing. To date, temporal distortions during covid-19 have mainly been studied in Europe. The current study therefore sought to explore experiences of the passage of time in Iraq. An online questionnaire was used to explore the passage of time during the day, week and the 11 months since the first period of covid-19 restrictions were imposed in Iraq. The questionnaire also measured affective and demographic factors, and task-load. The results showed that distortions to the passage of time were widespread in Iraq. Participants consistently reported a slowing of the passage of time for the day and the week during the pandemic in comparison to normal (i.e. before the pandemic). Participants also reported that it felt like longer than 11-months since the first lockdown began. The passage of time during the day and week were not predicted by any demographic, affective or task-load measures taken in the study. The perceived length of time since the first lockdown was however predicted by stress and change of life due to covid, with greater stress and greater change of life being associated with greater subjective lengthening of the pandemic. The findings indicate that whilst distortions to the passage of time during covid-19 appear to be a global phenomenon, the factors which predict temporal experience during the pandemic differ between countries and cultures.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Humans ; Iraq/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0266877
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The psychophysiological mechanisms of real-world time experience.

Ogden, Ruth S / Dobbins, Chelsea / Slade, Kate / McIntyre, Jason / Fairclough, Stephen

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 12890

Abstract: Our sense of time is fallible, often resulting in the sensation of time flying by quickly or dragging slowly. It has been suggested that changes in sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity may influence the perceived passage of ...

Abstract	Our sense of time is fallible, often resulting in the sensation of time flying by quickly or dragging slowly. It has been suggested that changes in sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity may influence the perceived passage of time, however this proposition has never been tested during real-world temporal experience. The current study directly tested the relationship between the passage of time and SNS-PNS activity in the real-world. Sixty-seven participants completed a normal day's activities whilst wearing sensors to capture electrocardiography (ECG), electrodermal activity (EDA) and movement. They also provided hourly rating of the subjective speed at which time was passing. Results revealed that greater SNS activity (e.g., increased heart rate, frequency of phasic skin conductance response) was associated with time passing more quickly. PNS activity was not related to time experience. Whilst the findings support previous suggestions that changes in physiological arousal are associated with distortions to the passage of time, the effects are small and other factors are likely to contribute to real-world temporal experience.
MeSH term(s)	Electrocardiography ; Galvanic Skin Response ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; Psychophysiology ; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology ; Time
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-16198-z
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Experiences of distortions to the passage of time during the Argentinian Covid-19 pandemic.

Brenlla, María Elena / Germano, Guadalupe / Seivane, Mariana S / da Lama, Rocío Fernández / Ogden, Ruth

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 3, Page(s) e0266261

Abstract: The Coronavirus-19 global pandemic has forced many governments around the world to enforce "lockdowns" to curtail the spread of the virus. Studies conducted in the UK, France, Italy and Brazil have demonstrated that one consequence of these lockdowns is ... ...

Abstract	The Coronavirus-19 global pandemic has forced many governments around the world to enforce "lockdowns" to curtail the spread of the virus. Studies conducted in the UK, France, Italy and Brazil have demonstrated that one consequence of these lockdowns is significant distortion to the speed of the passage of time. The current study sought to establish how the passage of time was experienced during the Argentinian lockdown. An online questionnaire was used to measure passage of time judgments for the day and the week, physical activity, satisfaction with social interaction, the extent to which daily routines had changed due to covid and demographic data. The results show that distortions to the passage of time were widely experienced during the lockdown in Argentina. There was a tendency for participants to report time passing more quickly than normal. A faster passage of time was associated with being a woman, of younger age and more physically active. A slower passage of time was therefore associated with being a man, of older age and less physically active. The results indicate that whilst distortions to the passage of time during the covid-19 crisis appear to be a global phenomenon, cross-cultural differences are apparent in the factors which influence temporal experience.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0266261
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The effect of facial attractiveness on temporal perception.

Ogden, Ruth S

Cognition & emotion

2013 Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 1292–1304

Abstract: ... accurate than those of the attractive and neutral faces. The results are consistent with Gil et al.'s (2009 ...

Abstract	Previous research suggests that feelings of fear, dislike, shame and sadness affect our perception of duration (Droit-Volet et al., 2004; Gil et al., 2009). The current study sought to expand our understanding of the variables which moderate temporal perception by examining whether the attractiveness of a face influenced its perceived duration. Participants completed a verbal estimation task in which they judged the duration of attractive, unattractive and neutral faces. The results showed that participants underestimated the duration of unattractive faces relative to attractive and neutral faces. Estimates of unattractive faces were also less accurate than those of the attractive and neutral faces. The results are consistent with Gil et al.'s (2009) suggestion that the duration of disliked stimuli are underestimated relative to liked and neutral stimuli because they detract attention from temporal perception. Analysis of the slope and intercept of the estimation gradients supports Zakay and Block's (1997) suggestion that reduced attention to time results in a multiplicative underestimation of duration.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Attention ; Beauty ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Time Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2013
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639123-0
ISSN	1464-0600 ; 0269-9931
ISSN (online)	1464-0600
ISSN	0269-9931
DOI	10.1080/02699931.2013.769426
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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