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Article ; Online: The potential application of dual-energy subtraction radiography for COVID-19 pneumonia imaging.

van der Heyden, Brent

2021 Volume 94, Issue 1120, Page(s) 20201384

Abstract: X-ray imaging plays a crucial role in the confirmation of COVID-19 pneumonia. Chest X-ray radiography and CT are two major imaging techniques that are currently adopted in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. However, dual-energy subtraction radiography ... ...

Abstract	X-ray imaging plays a crucial role in the confirmation of COVID-19 pneumonia. Chest X-ray radiography and CT are two major imaging techniques that are currently adopted in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. However, dual-energy subtraction radiography is hardly discussed as potential COVID-19 imaging application. More advanced X-ray radiography equipment often supports dual-energy subtraction X-ray radiography. Dual-energy subtraction radiography enables the calculation of pseudo-radiographs, in which bones are removed and only soft-tissues are highlighted. In this commentary, the author would like to draw the attention to the potential use of dual-energy subtraction X-ray radiography (
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Subtraction Technique
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2982-8
ISSN	1748-880X ; 0007-1285
ISSN (online)	1748-880X
ISSN	0007-1285
DOI	10.1259/bjr.20201384
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Article ; Online: Virtual monoenergetic micro-CT imaging in mice with artificial intelligence.

van der Heyden, Brent / Roden, Stijn / Dok, Rüveyda / Nuyts, Sandra / Sterpin, Edmond

Scientific reports

2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 2324

Abstract: Micro cone-beam computed tomography (µCBCT) imaging is of utmost importance for carrying out extensive preclinical research in rodents. The imaging of animals is an essential step prior to preclinical precision irradiation, but also in the longitudinal ... ...

Abstract	Micro cone-beam computed tomography (µCBCT) imaging is of utmost importance for carrying out extensive preclinical research in rodents. The imaging of animals is an essential step prior to preclinical precision irradiation, but also in the longitudinal assessment of treatment outcomes. However, imaging artifacts such as beam hardening will occur due to the low energetic nature of the X-ray imaging beam (i.e., 60 kVp). Beam hardening artifacts are especially difficult to resolve in a 'pancake' imaging geometry with stationary source and detector, where the animal is rotated around its sagittal axis, and the X-ray imaging beam crosses a wide range of thicknesses. In this study, a seven-layer U-Net based network architecture (vMonoCT) is adopted to predict virtual monoenergetic X-ray projections from polyenergetic X-ray projections. A Monte Carlo simulation model is developed to compose a training dataset of 1890 projection pairs. Here, a series of digital anthropomorphic mouse phantoms was derived from the reference DigiMouse phantom as simulation geometry. vMonoCT was trained on 1512 projection pairs (= 80%) and tested on 378 projection pairs (= 20%). The percentage error calculated for the test dataset was 1.7 ± 0.4%. Additionally, the vMonoCT model was evaluated on a retrospective projection dataset of five mice and one frozen cadaver. It was found that beam hardening artifacts were minimized after image reconstruction of the vMonoCT-corrected projections, and that anatomically incorrect gradient errors were corrected in the cranium up to 15%. Our results disclose the potential of Artificial Intelligence to enhance the µCBCT image quality in biomedical applications. vMonoCT is expected to contribute to the reproducibility of quantitative preclinical applications such as precision irradiations in X-ray cabinets, and to the evaluation of longitudinal imaging data in extensive preclinical studies.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Artifacts ; Artificial Intelligence ; Cadaver ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Mice ; Monte Carlo Method ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Retrospective Studies
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-022-06172-0
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Article ; Online: Deep learning for dose assessment in radiotherapy by the super-localization of vaporized nanodroplets in high frame rate ultrasound imaging.

van der Heyden, Brent / Heymans, Sophie V / Carlier, Bram / Collado-Lara, Gonzalo / Sterpin, Edmond / D'hooge, Jan

Physics in medicine and biology

2022 Volume 67, Issue 11

Abstract: Objective. ...

Abstract	Objective.
MeSH term(s)	Deep Learning ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Microbubbles ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Protons ; Ultrasonography
Chemical Substances	Protons
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208857-5
ISSN	1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
ISSN (online)	1361-6560
ISSN	0031-9155
DOI	10.1088/1361-6560/ac6cc3
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Article ; Online: Artificial intelligence supported single detector multi-energy proton radiography system.

van der Heyden, Brent / Cohilis, Marie / Souris, Kevin / de Freitas Nascimento, Luana / Sterpin, Edmond

Physics in medicine and biology

2021 Volume 66, Issue 10

Abstract: Proton radiography imaging was proposed as a promising technique to evaluate internal anatomical changes, to enable pre-treatment patient alignment, and most importantly, to optimize the patient specific CT number to stopping-power ratio conversion. The ... ...

Abstract	Proton radiography imaging was proposed as a promising technique to evaluate internal anatomical changes, to enable pre-treatment patient alignment, and most importantly, to optimize the patient specific CT number to stopping-power ratio conversion. The clinical implementation rate of proton radiography systems is still limited due to their complex bulky design, together with the persistent problem of (in)elastic nuclear interactions and multiple Coulomb scattering (i.e. range mixing). In this work, a compact multi-energy proton radiography system was proposed in combination with an artificial intelligence network architecture (ProtonDSE) to remove the persistent problem of proton scatter in proton radiography. A realistic Monte Carlo model of the Proteus
MeSH term(s)	Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Monte Carlo Method ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Proton Therapy ; Protons ; Radiography
Chemical Substances	Protons
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	208857-5
ISSN	1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
ISSN (online)	1361-6560
ISSN	0031-9155
DOI	10.1088/1361-6560/abe918
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Article ; Online: Virtual monoenergetic micro-CT imaging in mice with artificial intelligence

Brent van der Heyden / Stijn Roden / Rüveyda Dok / Sandra Nuyts / Edmond Sterpin

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract Micro cone-beam computed tomography (µCBCT) imaging is of utmost importance for carrying out extensive preclinical research in rodents. The imaging of animals is an essential step prior to preclinical precision irradiation, but also in the ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Micro cone-beam computed tomography (µCBCT) imaging is of utmost importance for carrying out extensive preclinical research in rodents. The imaging of animals is an essential step prior to preclinical precision irradiation, but also in the longitudinal assessment of treatment outcomes. However, imaging artifacts such as beam hardening will occur due to the low energetic nature of the X-ray imaging beam (i.e., 60 kVp). Beam hardening artifacts are especially difficult to resolve in a ‘pancake’ imaging geometry with stationary source and detector, where the animal is rotated around its sagittal axis, and the X-ray imaging beam crosses a wide range of thicknesses. In this study, a seven-layer U-Net based network architecture (vMonoCT) is adopted to predict virtual monoenergetic X-ray projections from polyenergetic X-ray projections. A Monte Carlo simulation model is developed to compose a training dataset of 1890 projection pairs. Here, a series of digital anthropomorphic mouse phantoms was derived from the reference DigiMouse phantom as simulation geometry. vMonoCT was trained on 1512 projection pairs (= 80%) and tested on 378 projection pairs (= 20%). The percentage error calculated for the test dataset was 1.7 ± 0.4%. Additionally, the vMonoCT model was evaluated on a retrospective projection dataset of five mice and one frozen cadaver. It was found that beam hardening artifacts were minimized after image reconstruction of the vMonoCT-corrected projections, and that anatomically incorrect gradient errors were corrected in the cranium up to 15%. Our results disclose the potential of Artificial Intelligence to enhance the µCBCT image quality in biomedical applications. vMonoCT is expected to contribute to the reproducibility of quantitative preclinical applications such as precision irradiations in X-ray cabinets, and to the evaluation of longitudinal imaging data in extensive preclinical studies.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	535
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Survey on fan-beam computed tomography for radiotherapy: Current implementation and future perspectives of motion management and surface guidance devices.

Papalazarou, Chrysi / Qamhiyeh, Sima / Kaatee, Robert / De Rouck, Joke / Decabooter, Esther / Hilgers, Guido C / Salvo, Koen / van Wingerden, Jacobus / Bosmans, Hilde / van der Heyden, Brent / Pittomvils, Geert / Bogaert, Evelien

Physics and imaging in radiation oncology

2023 Volume 29, Page(s) 100523

Abstract: Background and purpose: This work reports on the results of a survey performed on the use of computed tomography (CT) imaging for motion management, surface guidance devices, and their quality assurance (QA). Additionally, it details the collected user ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: This work reports on the results of a survey performed on the use of computed tomography (CT) imaging for motion management, surface guidance devices, and their quality assurance (QA). Additionally, it details the collected user insights regarding professional needs in CT for radiotherapy. The purpose of the survey is to understand current practice, professional needs and future directions in the field of fan-beam CT in radiation therapy (RT). Materials and methods: An online institutional survey was conducted between 1-Sep-2022 and 10-Oct-2022 among medical physics experts at Belgian and Dutch radiotherapy institutions, to assess the current status, challenges, and future directions of motion management and surface image-guided radiotherapy. The survey consisted of a maximum of 143 questions, with the exact number depending on participants' responses. Results: The response rate was 66 % (31/47). Respiratory management was reported as standard practice in all but one institution; surface imaging during CT-simulation was reported in ten institutions. QA procedures are applied with varying frequencies and methodologies, primarily with commercial anatomy-like phantoms. Surface guidance users report employing commercial static and dynamic phantoms. Four main subjects are considered clinically important by the respondents: surface guidance, CT protocol optimisation, implementing gated imaging (4DCT, breath-hold), and a tattoo-less workflow. Conclusions: The survey highlights the scattered pattern of QA procedures for respiratory motion management, indicating the need for well-defined, unambiguous, and practicable guidelines. Surface guidance is considered one of the most important techniques that should be implemented in the clinical radiotherapy simulation workflow.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6316
ISSN (online)	2405-6316
DOI	10.1016/j.phro.2023.100523
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Article ; Online: Survey on fan-beam computed tomography for radiotherapy: Imaging for dose calculation and delineation.

Decabooter, Esther / Hilgers, Guido C / De Rouck, Joke / Salvo, Koen / Van Wingerden, Jacobus / Bosmans, Hilde / van der Heyden, Brent / Qamhiyeh, Sima / Papalazarou, Chrysi / Kaatee, Robert / Pittomvils, Geert / Bogaert, Evelien

Physics and imaging in radiation oncology

2023 Volume 29, Page(s) 100522

Abstract: Background and purpose: To obtain an understanding of current practice, professional needs and future directions in the field of fan-beam CT in RT, a survey was conducted. This work presents the collected information regarding the use of CT imaging for ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: To obtain an understanding of current practice, professional needs and future directions in the field of fan-beam CT in RT, a survey was conducted. This work presents the collected information regarding the use of CT imaging for dose calculation and structure delineation. Materials and methods: An online institutional survey was distributed to medical physics experts employed at Belgian and Dutch radiotherapy institutions to assess the status, challenges, and future directions of QA practices for fan-beam CT. A maximum of 143 questions covered topics such as CT scanner availability, CT scanner specifications, QA protocols, treatment simulation workflow, and radiotherapy dose calculation. Answer forms were collected between 1-Sep-2022 and 10-Oct-2022. Results: A 66 % response rate was achieved, yielding data on a total of 58 CT scanners. For MV photon therapy, all single-energy CT scans are reconstructed in Hounsfield Units for delineation or dose calculation, and a direct- or stoichiometric method was used to convert CT numbers for dose calculation. Limited use of dual-energy CT is reported for photon (N = 3) and proton dose calculations (N = 1). For brachytherapy, most institutions adopt water-based dose calculation, while approximately 26 % of the institutions take tissue heterogeneity into account. Commissioning and regular QA include eleven tasks, which are performed by two or more professions (29/31) with varying frequencies. Conclusions: Dual usage of a planning CT limits protocol optimization for both tissue characterization and delineation. DECT has been implemented only gradually. A variation of QA testing frequencies and tests are reported.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2405-6316
ISSN (online)	2405-6316
DOI	10.1016/j.phro.2023.100522
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Article ; Online: Survey on fan-beam computed tomography for radiotherapy

Chrysi Papalazarou / Sima Qamhiyeh / Robert Kaatee / Joke De Rouck / Esther Decabooter / Guido C. Hilgers / Koen Salvo / Jacobus van Wingerden / Hilde Bosmans / Brent van der Heyden / Geert Pittomvils / Evelien Bogaert

Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology, Vol 29, Iss , Pp 100523- (2024)

Current implementation and future perspectives of motion management and surface guidance devices

1481

Abstract	Background and purpose: This work reports on the results of a survey performed on the use of computed tomography (CT) imaging for motion management, surface guidance devices, and their quality assurance (QA). Additionally, it details the collected user insights regarding professional needs in CT for radiotherapy. The purpose of the survey is to understand current practice, professional needs and future directions in the field of fan-beam CT in radiation therapy (RT). Materials and methods: An online institutional survey was conducted between 1-Sep-2022 and 10-Oct-2022 among medical physics experts at Belgian and Dutch radiotherapy institutions, to assess the current status, challenges, and future directions of motion management and surface image-guided radiotherapy. The survey consisted of a maximum of 143 questions, with the exact number depending on participants’ responses. Results: The response rate was 66 % (31/47). Respiratory management was reported as standard practice in all but one institution; surface imaging during CT-simulation was reported in ten institutions. QA procedures are applied with varying frequencies and methodologies, primarily with commercial anatomy-like phantoms. Surface guidance users report employing commercial static and dynamic phantoms. Four main subjects are considered clinically important by the respondents: surface guidance, CT protocol optimisation, implementing gated imaging (4DCT, breath-hold), and a tattoo-less workflow. Conclusions: The survey highlights the scattered pattern of QA procedures for respiratory motion management, indicating the need for well-defined, unambiguous, and practicable guidelines. Surface guidance is considered one of the most important techniques that should be implemented in the clinical radiotherapy simulation workflow.
Keywords	Radiotherapy ; Computed tomography ; Quality assurance ; Survey ; 4DCT ; Surface guidance ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920 ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Subject code	600
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Survey on fan-beam computed tomography for radiotherapy

Esther Decabooter / Guido C. Hilgers / Joke De Rouck / Koen Salvo / Jacobus Van Wingerden / Hilde Bosmans / Brent van der Heyden / Sima Qamhiyeh / Chrysi Papalazarou / Robert Kaatee / Geert Pittomvils / Evelien Bogaert

Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology, Vol 29, Iss , Pp 100522- (2024)

Imaging for dose calculation and delineation

1481

Abstract	Background and purpose: To obtain an understanding of current practice, professional needs and future directions in the field of fan-beam CT in RT, a survey was conducted. This work presents the collected information regarding the use of CT imaging for dose calculation and structure delineation. Materials and methods: An online institutional survey was distributed to medical physics experts employed at Belgian and Dutch radiotherapy institutions to assess the status, challenges, and future directions of QA practices for fan-beam CT. A maximum of 143 questions covered topics such as CT scanner availability, CT scanner specifications, QA protocols, treatment simulation workflow, and radiotherapy dose calculation. Answer forms were collected between 1-Sep-2022 and 10-Oct-2022. Results: A 66 % response rate was achieved, yielding data on a total of 58 CT scanners. For MV photon therapy, all single-energy CT scans are reconstructed in Hounsfield Units for delineation or dose calculation, and a direct- or stoichiometric method was used to convert CT numbers for dose calculation. Limited use of dual-energy CT is reported for photon (N = 3) and proton dose calculations (N = 1). For brachytherapy, most institutions adopt water-based dose calculation, while approximately 26 % of the institutions take tissue heterogeneity into account. Commissioning and regular QA include eleven tasks, which are performed by two or more professions (29/31) with varying frequencies. Conclusions: Dual usage of a planning CT limits protocol optimization for both tissue characterization and delineation. DECT has been implemented only gradually. A variation of QA testing frequencies and tests are reported.
Keywords	Radiotherapy ; Computed tomography ; Quality assurance ; Survey ; Planning CT ; Protocol optimization ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920 ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Characterisation and Quenching Correction for an Al

de Freitas Nascimento, Luana / Leblans, Paul / van der Heyden, Brent / Akselrod, Mark / Goossens, Jo / Correa Rocha, Luis Enrique / Vaniqui, Ana / Verellen, Dirk

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 22, Issue 23

Abstract: Real time radioluminescence fibre-based detectors were investigated for application in proton, helium, and carbon therapy dosimetry. The ... ...

Abstract	Real time radioluminescence fibre-based detectors were investigated for application in proton, helium, and carbon therapy dosimetry. The Al
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s22239178
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