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  1. Article: Evolution-informed therapy for kidney disease.

    Chevalier, Robert L

    Evolution, medicine, and public health

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 316–317

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2684837-5
    ISSN 2050-6201
    ISSN 2050-6201
    DOI 10.1093/emph/eoad027
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Why is chronic kidney disease progressive? Evolutionary adaptations and maladaptations.

    Chevalier, Robert L

    American journal of physiology. Renal physiology

    2023  Volume 325, Issue 5, Page(s) F595–F617

    Abstract: Despite significant advances in renal physiology, the global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to increase. The emergence of multicellular organisms gave rise to increasing complexity of life resulting in trade-offs reflecting ... ...

    Abstract Despite significant advances in renal physiology, the global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to increase. The emergence of multicellular organisms gave rise to increasing complexity of life resulting in trade-offs reflecting ancestral adaptations to changing environments. Three evolutionary traits shape CKD over the lifespan:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 603837-2
    ISSN 1522-1466 ; 0363-6127
    ISSN (online) 1522-1466
    ISSN 0363-6127
    DOI 10.1152/ajprenal.00134.2023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: CAKUT: A Pediatric and Evolutionary Perspective on the Leading Cause of CKD in Childhood.

    Chevalier, Robert L

    Pediatric reports

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 143–153

    Abstract: The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing rapidly, due to increasing environmental stressors through the life cycle. Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) account for most CKD in children, with a spectrum that ...

    Abstract The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing rapidly, due to increasing environmental stressors through the life cycle. Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) account for most CKD in children, with a spectrum that can lead to kidney failure from early postnatal to late adult life. A stressed fetal environment can impair nephrogenesis, now recognized as a significant risk factor for the development of adult CKD. Congenital urinary tract obstruction is the leading cause of CKD due to CAKUT and can itself impair nephrogenesis as well as contribute to progressive nephron injury. Early diagnosis by ultrasonography in fetal life by an obstetrician/perinatologist can provide important information for guiding prognosis and future management. This review focuses on the critical role played by the pediatrician in providing timely evaluation and management of the patient from the moment of birth to the transfer to adult care. In addition to genetic factors, vulnerability of the kidney to CKD is a consequence of evolved modulation of nephron number in response to maternal signaling as well as to susceptibility of the nephron to hypoxic and oxidative injury. Future advances in the management of CAKUT will depend on improved biomarkers and imaging techniques.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2036-749X
    ISSN 2036-749X
    DOI 10.3390/pediatric15010012
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  4. Article ; Online: Bioenergetics: the evolutionary basis of progressive kidney disease.

    Chevalier, Robert L

    Physiological reviews

    2023  Volume 103, Issue 4, Page(s) 2451–2506

    Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects >10% of the world population, with increasing prevalence in middle age. The risk for CKD is dependent on the number of functioning nephrons through the life cycle, and 50% of nephrons are lost through normal aging, ... ...

    Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects >10% of the world population, with increasing prevalence in middle age. The risk for CKD is dependent on the number of functioning nephrons through the life cycle, and 50% of nephrons are lost through normal aging, revealing their vulnerability to internal and external stressors. Factors responsible for CKD remain poorly understood, with limited availability of biomarkers or effective therapy to slow progression. This review draws on the disciplines of evolutionary medicine and bioenergetics to account for the heterogeneous nephron injury that characterizes progressive CKD following episodes of acute kidney injury with incomplete recovery. The evolution of symbiosis in eukaryotes led to the efficiencies of oxidative phosphorylation and the rise of metazoa. Adaptations to ancestral environments are the products of natural selection that have shaped the mammalian nephron with its vulnerabilities to ischemic, hypoxic, and toxic injury. Reproductive fitness rather than longevity has served as the driver of evolution, constrained by available energy and its allocation to homeostatic responses through the life cycle. Metabolic plasticity has evolved in parallel with robustness necessary to preserve complex developmental programs, and adaptations that optimize survival through reproductive years can become maladaptive with aging, reflecting antagonistic pleiotropy. Consequently, environmental stresses promote trade-offs and mismatches that result in cell fate decisions that ultimately lead to nephron loss. Elucidation of the bioenergetic adaptations by the nephron to ancestral and contemporary environments may lead to the development of new biomarkers of kidney disease and new therapies to reduce the global burden of progressive CKD.
    MeSH term(s) Middle Aged ; Animals ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Nephrons/metabolism ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism ; Aging ; Energy Metabolism ; Mammals
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 209902-0
    ISSN 1522-1210 ; 0031-9333
    ISSN (online) 1522-1210
    ISSN 0031-9333
    DOI 10.1152/physrev.00029.2022
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  5. Article ; Online: CAKUT

    Robert L. Chevalier

    Pediatric Reports, Vol 15, Iss 12, Pp 143-

    A Pediatric and Evolutionary Perspective on the Leading Cause of CKD in Childhood

    2023  Volume 153

    Abstract: The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing rapidly, due to increasing environmental stressors through the life cycle. Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) account for most CKD in children, with a spectrum that ...

    Abstract The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing rapidly, due to increasing environmental stressors through the life cycle. Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) account for most CKD in children, with a spectrum that can lead to kidney failure from early postnatal to late adult life. A stressed fetal environment can impair nephrogenesis, now recognized as a significant risk factor for the development of adult CKD. Congenital urinary tract obstruction is the leading cause of CKD due to CAKUT and can itself impair nephrogenesis as well as contribute to progressive nephron injury. Early diagnosis by ultrasonography in fetal life by an obstetrician/perinatologist can provide important information for guiding prognosis and future management. This review focuses on the critical role played by the pediatrician in providing timely evaluation and management of the patient from the moment of birth to the transfer to adult care. In addition to genetic factors, vulnerability of the kidney to CKD is a consequence of evolved modulation of nephron number in response to maternal signaling as well as to susceptibility of the nephron to hypoxic and oxidative injury. Future advances in the management of CAKUT will depend on improved biomarkers and imaging techniques.
    Keywords congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) ; chronic kidney disease ; pediatrics ; evolution ; Medicine ; R ; RJ1-570
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Bioenergetic Evolution Explains Prevalence of Low Nephron Number at Birth: Risk Factor for CKD.

    Chevalier, Robert L

    Kidney360

    2020  Volume 1, Issue 8, Page(s) 863–879

    Abstract: There is greater than tenfold variation in nephron number of the human kidney at birth. Although low nephron number is a recognized risk factor for CKD, its determinants are poorly understood. Evolutionary medicine represents a new discipline that seeks ... ...

    Abstract There is greater than tenfold variation in nephron number of the human kidney at birth. Although low nephron number is a recognized risk factor for CKD, its determinants are poorly understood. Evolutionary medicine represents a new discipline that seeks evolutionary explanations for disease, broadening perspectives on research and public health initiatives. Evolution of the kidney, an organ rich in mitochondria, has been driven by natural selection for reproductive fitness constrained by energy availability. Over the past 2 million years, rapid growth of an energy-demanding brain in
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nephrons ; Placenta/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth/metabolism ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2641-7650
    ISSN (online) 2641-7650
    DOI 10.34067/KID.0002012020
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Glomerulopathy.

    Boaz, Noel T / Chevalier, Robert L

    Evolution, medicine, and public health

    2021  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 220

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2684837-5
    ISSN 2050-6201
    ISSN 2050-6201
    DOI 10.1093/emph/eoab015
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  8. Article ; Online: Impact of early life development on later onset chronic kidney disease and hypertension and the role of evolutionary trade-offs.

    Luyckx, Valerie A / Chevalier, Robert L

    Experimental physiology

    2022  Volume 107, Issue 5, Page(s) 410–414

    Abstract: New findings: What is the topic of this review? In this report, we summarize the latest clinical evidence linking developmental programming in the kidney to later life blood pressure and kidney disease. What advances does it highlight? Population-level ... ...

    Abstract New findings: What is the topic of this review? In this report, we summarize the latest clinical evidence linking developmental programming in the kidney to later life blood pressure and kidney disease. What advances does it highlight? Population-level studies now show convincingly that low birth weight, fetal growth restriction and preterm birth are associated with and have a synergistic impact on the risk of kidney disease in later life. A new approach also considers how evolutionary selection pressure might fail to select for long-term robustness of kidney function.
    Abstract: The global burden of kidney disease is high and rising. The risk of kidney disease among individuals is highly variable, in part related to genetic and environmental factors, but also likely to be modulated by developmental programming of the number of nephrons and kidney function in fetal life. The number of nephrons varies widely across the population and is lower among those who were born small or preterm. Population registry evidence clearly shows an association between these birth circumstances and later-life risk of hypertension and kidney disease, not only for chronic kidney disease but also for acquired kidney disease, demonstrating an inherent susceptibility to kidney disease in these individuals. Gestational stressors impact kidney development, a process that is likely to be layered upon the evolutionary history of the kidney and how the organ has developed in response to selection pressure to support reproductive capacity in early adulthood, but not to withstand multiple stresses later in life. Reducing the global burden of kidney disease in future generations will require both individual- and population/environment-level risks to be addressed.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrons ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1016295-1
    ISSN 1469-445X ; 0958-0670
    ISSN (online) 1469-445X
    ISSN 0958-0670
    DOI 10.1113/EP089918
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  9. Article ; Online: Evolution and Kidney Development: A Rosetta Stone for Nephrology.

    Chevalier, Robert L

    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN

    2018  Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 706–709

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Kidney ; Mice ; Nephrology ; Organogenesis ; Renal Dialysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 1085942-1
    ISSN 1533-3450 ; 1046-6673
    ISSN (online) 1533-3450
    ISSN 1046-6673
    DOI 10.1681/ASN.2018010013
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    Zs.A 3344: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Evolution, kidney development, and chronic kidney disease.

    Chevalier, Robert L

    Seminars in cell & developmental biology

    2018  Volume 91, Page(s) 119–131

    Abstract: There is a global epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by a progressive loss of nephrons, ascribed in large part to a rising incidence of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a ten-fold variation in ... ...

    Abstract There is a global epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by a progressive loss of nephrons, ascribed in large part to a rising incidence of hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a ten-fold variation in nephron number at birth in the general population, and a 50% overall decrease in nephron number in the last decades of life. The vicious cycle of nephron loss stimulating hypertrophy by remaining nephrons and resulting in glomerulosclerosis has been regarded as maladaptive, and only partially responsive to angiotensin inhibition. Advances over the past century in kidney physiology, genetics, and development have elucidated many aspects of nephron formation, structure and function. Parallel advances have been achieved in evolutionary biology, with the emergence of evolutionary medicine, a discipline that promises to provide new insight into the treatment of chronic disease. This review provides a framework for understanding the origins of contemporary developmental nephrology, and recent progress in evolutionary biology. The establishment of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), ecological developmental biology (eco-devo), and developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) followed the discovery of the hox gene family, the recognition of the contribution of cumulative environmental stressors to the changing phenotype over the life cycle, and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. The maturation of evolutionary medicine has contributed to new investigative approaches to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infectious disease, and promises the same for CKD. By incorporating these principles, developmental nephrology is ideally positioned to answer important questions regarding the fate of nephrons from embryo through senescence.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Developmental Biology/methods ; Developmental Biology/trends ; Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Nephrons/cytology ; Nephrons/embryology ; Nephrons/metabolism ; Organogenesis/genetics ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/embryology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-06-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1312473-0
    ISSN 1096-3634 ; 1084-9521
    ISSN (online) 1096-3634
    ISSN 1084-9521
    DOI 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.05.024
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