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Article ; Online: Physical Violence and Psychological Distress Among Asian and Pacific Islander Sexual Minority Men in the United States Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Lee, Jane J / Katz, David A / Kerani, Roxanne P / Lerner, Justin E / Baral, Stefan D / Sanchez, Travis H

2022 Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) 418–425

Abstract: Purpose: ...

Abstract	Purpose:
MeSH term(s)	Asian Americans/psychology ; COVID-19 ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Physical Abuse ; Psychological Distress ; Sexual and Gender Minorities ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2727303-9
ISSN	2325-8306 ; 2325-8292
ISSN (online)	2325-8306
ISSN	2325-8292
DOI	10.1089/lgbt.2021.0418
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The public health response to COVID-19: balancing precaution and unintended consequences.

Baral, Stefan David / Mishra, Sharmistha / Diouf, Daouda / Phanuphak, Nittaya / Dowdy, David

Annals of epidemiology

2020 Volume 46, Page(s) 12–13

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Environmental Health ; Global Health ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Primary Prevention ; Public Health ; Public Health Practice
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1074355-8
ISSN	1873-2585 ; 1047-2797
ISSN (online)	1873-2585
ISSN	1047-2797
DOI	10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.001
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Article ; Online: Mapping the number of female sex workers in countries across sub-Saharan Africa.

Laga, Ian / Niu, Xiaoyue / Rucinski, Katherine / Baral, Stefan / Rao, Amrita / Chen, David / Viswasam, Nikita / Phaswana-Mafuya, Nancy Refilwe / Diouf, Daouda / Sabin, Keith / Zhao, Jinkou / Eaton, Jeffrey W / Bao, Le

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2023 Volume 120, Issue 2, Page(s) e2200633120

Abstract: Female sex workers (FSW) are affected by individual, network, and structural risks, making them vulnerable to poor health and well-being. HIV prevention strategies and local community-based programs can rely on estimates of the number of FSW to plan and ... ...

Abstract	Female sex workers (FSW) are affected by individual, network, and structural risks, making them vulnerable to poor health and well-being. HIV prevention strategies and local community-based programs can rely on estimates of the number of FSW to plan and implement differentiated HIV prevention and treatment services. However, there are limited systematic assessments of the number of FSW in countries across sub-Saharan Africa to facilitate the identification of prevention and treatment gaps. Here we provide estimated population sizes of FSW and the corresponding uncertainties for almost all sub-national areas in sub-Saharan Africa. We first performed a literature review of FSW size estimates and then developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to synthesize these size estimates, resolving competing size estimates in the same area and producing estimates in areas without any data. We estimated that there are 2.5 million (95% uncertainty interval 1.9 to 3.1) FSW aged 15 to 49 in sub-Saharan Africa. This represents a proportion as percent of all women of childbearing age of 1.1% (95% uncertainty interval 0.8 to 1.3%). The analyses further revealed substantial differences between the proportions of FSW among adult females at the sub-national level and studied the relationship between these heterogeneities and many predictors. Ultimately, achieving the vision of no new HIV infections by 2030 necessitates dramatic improvements in our delivery of evidence-based services for sex workers across sub-Saharan Africa.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Sex Workers ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Bayes Theorem ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2200633120
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Article: The public health response to COVID-19: balancing precaution and unintended consequences

Baral, Stefan David / Mishra, Sharmistha / Diouf, Daouda / Phanuphak, Nittaya / Dowdy, David

Ann Epidemiol

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #306948
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: The public health response to COVID-19

Baral, Stefan David / Mishra, Sharmistha / Diouf, Daouda / Phanuphak, Nittaya / Dowdy, David

Annals of Epidemiology

balancing precaution and unintended consequences

2020 Volume 46, Page(s) 12–13

Keywords	Epidemiology ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1074355-8
ISSN	1873-2585 ; 1047-2797
ISSN (online)	1873-2585
ISSN	1047-2797
DOI	10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.001
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Prevalence and associations of COVID-19 testing in an online sample of transgender and non-binary individuals.

Restar, Arjee / Garrison-Desany, Henri M / Baker, Kellan E / Adamson, Tyler / Howell, Sean / Baral, Stefan David / Operario, Don / Beckham, S Wilson

BMJ global health

2021 Volume 6, Issue 9

Abstract: Background: Testing for COVID-19 and linkage to services is fundamental to successful containment and control of transmission. Yet, knowledge on COVID-19 testing among transgender and non-binary communities remains limited.: Methods: Between October ... ...

Abstract	Background: Testing for COVID-19 and linkage to services is fundamental to successful containment and control of transmission. Yet, knowledge on COVID-19 testing among transgender and non-binary communities remains limited. Methods: Between October 2020 and November 2020, we examined the prevalence and associations of COVID-19 testing in an online sample of transgender and non-binary people (n=536). Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression analyses examined associations between COVID-19 testing and participants' sociodemographic, mental health, substance use, gender affirmation, economic changes and healthcare experiences. Results: Prevalence of COVID-19 testing in this sample was 35.5% (n=190/536). In the final model, transgender and non-binary participants from upper socioeconomic income background and Europe, who reported having active alcohol use disorder, limited access to gender-affirming surgery, had more than 20% reduction in income, and experienced mistreatment in a health facility due to gender identity had significantly increased odds of COVID-19 testing (all p<0.05); those who reported recent tobacco use had significantly lower odds of COVID-19 testing (p=0.007). Conclusions: These findings highlight structural disparities in COVID-19 testing and reinforce the importance of increasing testing strategies for transgender and non-binary populations.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Transgender Persons
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006808
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Article ; Online: Stringency of containment and closures on the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in Canada prior to accelerated vaccine roll-out.

Vickers, David M / Baral, Stefan / Mishra, Sharmistha / Kwong, Jeffrey C / Sundaram, Maria / Katz, Alan / Calzavara, Andrew / Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu / Buckeridge, David L / Williamson, Tyler

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2022 Volume 118, Page(s) 73–82

Abstract: Background: Many studies have examined the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on SARS-CoV-2 transmission worldwide. However, less attention has been devoted to understanding the limits of NPIs across the course of the pandemic and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Many studies have examined the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on SARS-CoV-2 transmission worldwide. However, less attention has been devoted to understanding the limits of NPIs across the course of the pandemic and along a continuum of their stringency. In this study, we explore the relationship between the growth of SARS-CoV-2 cases and an NPI stringency index across Canada before the accelerated vaccine roll-out. Methods: We conducted an ecological time-series study of daily SARS-CoV-2 case growth in Canada from February 2020 to February 2021. Our outcome was a back-projected version of the daily growth ratio in a stringency period (i.e., a 10-point range of the stringency index) relative to the last day of the previous period. We examined the trends in case growth using a linear mixed-effects model accounting for stringency period, province, and mobility in public domains. Results: Case growth declined rapidly by 20-60% and plateaued within the first month of the first wave, irrespective of the starting values of the stringency index. When stringency periods increased, changes in case growth were not immediate and were faster in the first wave than in the second. In the first wave, the largest decreasing trends from our mixed effects model occurred in both early and late stringency periods, depending on the province, at a geometric mean index value of 30⋅1 out of 100. When compared with the first wave, the stringency periods in the second wave possessed little association with case growth. Conclusions: The minimal association in the first wave, and the lack thereof in the second, is compatible with the hypothesis that NPIs do not, per se, lead to a decline in case growth. Instead, the correlations we observed might be better explained by a combination of underlying behaviors of the populations in each province and the natural dynamics of SARS-CoV-2. Although there exist alternative explanations for the equivocal relationship between NPIs and case growth, the onus of providing evidence shifts to demonstrating how NPIs can consistently have flat association, despite incrementally high stringency.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Canada/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines
Chemical Substances	Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-23
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.030
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Article: Characterising the impact of COVID-19 environment on mental health, gender affirming services and socioeconomic loss in a global sample of transgender and non-binary people: a structural equation modelling.

Restar, Arjee Javellana / Jin, Harry / Jarrett, Brooke / Adamson, Tyler / Baral, Stefan David / Howell, Sean / Beckham, S Wilson

BMJ global health

2021 Volume 6, Issue 3

Abstract: Background: We characterised the impact of COVID-19 on the socioeconomic conditions, access to gender affirmation services and mental health outcomes in a sample of global transgender (trans) and non-binary populations.: Methods: Between 16 April ... ...

Abstract	Background: We characterised the impact of COVID-19 on the socioeconomic conditions, access to gender affirmation services and mental health outcomes in a sample of global transgender (trans) and non-binary populations. Methods: Between 16 April 2020 and 3 August 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional survey with a global sample of trans and non-binary people (n=849) through an online social networking app. We conducted structural equational modelling procedures to determine direct, indirect and overall effects between poor mental health (ie, depression and anxiety) and latent variables across socioecological levels: social (ie, reduction in gender affirming services, socioeconomic loss impact) and environmental factors (ie, COVID-19 pandemic environment). Results: Anxiety (45.82%) and depression (50.88%) in this sample were prevalent and directly linked to COVID-19 pandemic environment. Adjusted for gender identity, age, migrant status, region, education and level of socioeconomic status, our final model showed significant positive associations between relationships of (1) COVID-19 pandemic environment and socioeconomic loss impact (β=0.62, p<0.001), (2) socioeconomic loss impact and reduction in gender affirming services (β=0.24, p<0.05) and (3) reduction in gender affirming services and poor mental health (β=0.19, p<0.05). Moreover, socioeconomic loss impact and reduction in gender affirming services were found to be partial mediators in this model. Conclusion: The study results supported the importance of bolstering access to gender affirming services and strengthening socioeconomic opportunities and programmatic support to buffer the impact of COVID-19 pandemic environment on poor mental health among trans and non-binary communities globally.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/economics ; COVID-19/psychology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Latent Class Analysis ; Male ; Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics/economics ; Pneumonia, Viral/economics ; Pneumonia, Viral/psychology ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Media ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Transgender Persons/psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004424
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Article: HIV Testing Approaches to Optimize Prevention and Treatment for Key and Priority Populations in Malawi.

Rucinski, Katherine / Masankha Banda, Louis / Olawore, Oluwasolape / Akolo, Chris / Zakaliya, Allison / Chilongozi, David / Schwartz, Sheree / Wilcher, Rose / Persaud, Navindra / Ruberintwari, Melchiade / Baral, Stefan

Open forum infectious diseases

2022 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) ofac038

Abstract: Background: Despite progress in improving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people with HIV in Malawi, the burden of HIV infections and HIV treatment outcomes among key populations is suboptimal. Client-centered differentiated service delivery approaches ...

Abstract	Background: Despite progress in improving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people with HIV in Malawi, the burden of HIV infections and HIV treatment outcomes among key populations is suboptimal. Client-centered differentiated service delivery approaches may facilitate addressing HIV prevention and treatment needs of key populations in Malawi. Methods: De-identified program data routinely collected as part of the LINKAGES project-Malawi were assembled from October 2017 to September 2019. HIV case finding was compared across different testing modalities for each population. Poisson regression was used to estimate the association between testing modalities and ART initiation. Results: Of the 18 Conclusions: These data suggest that differentiated HIV testing and outreach approaches tailored to the needs of different key populations may facilitate improved ART initiation in Malawi. Achieving 0 new infections by 2030 suggests the need to adapt treatment strategies given individual and structural barriers to treatment for key populations with HIV in high-prevalence settings.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2757767-3
ISSN	2328-8957
ISSN	2328-8957
DOI	10.1093/ofid/ofac038
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Article: Uncovering a Role for Electronic Personal Health Records in Reducing Disparities in Sexually Transmitted Infection Rates Among Students at a Predominantly African American University: Mixed-Methods Study.

Jackman, Kevon-Mark / Baral, Stefan David / Hightow-Weidman, Lisa / Poteat, Tonia

JMIR medical informatics

2018 Volume 6, Issue 3, Page(s) e41

Abstract: Background: Black youth continue to bear an overwhelming proportion of the United States sexually transmitted infection (STI) burden, including HIV. Several studies on web-based and mobile health (mHealth) STI interventions have focused on ... ...

Abstract	Background: Black youth continue to bear an overwhelming proportion of the United States sexually transmitted infection (STI) burden, including HIV. Several studies on web-based and mobile health (mHealth) STI interventions have focused on characterizing strategies to improve HIV-related prevention and treatment interventions, risk communication, and stigma among men who have sex with men (MSM), people who use substances, and adolescent populations. The Electronic Sexual Health Information Notification and Education (eSHINE) Study was an exploratory mixed-methods study among students at a historically black university exploring perceptions on facilitating STI testing conversations with partners using electronic personal health records (PHRs). Objective: The purpose of this paper is to use eSHINE Study results to describe perceived impacts of electronic PHRs on facilitating STI testing discussions between sexual partners. Methods: Semistructured focus groups and individual in-depth interviews were conducted on a heterogeneous sample of students (n=35) between May and July 2014. Qualitative phase findings guided development of an online survey instrument for quantitative phase data collection. Online surveys were conducted using a convenience sample of students (n=354) between January and May 2015. Online survey items collected demographic information, sexual behaviors, beliefs and practices surrounding STI testing communication between partners, and beliefs about the impact of electronic PHR access on facilitating these discussions with partners. Chi-square analysis was performed to assess gender differences across quantitative measures. A Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to test the null hypothesis that electronic PHRs are believed to have no effect on the timing of dyadic STI health communication. Results: Participants described multiple individual and dyadic-level factors that inhibit initiating discussions about STI testing and test results with partners. Electronic PHRs were believed to improve ability to initiate conversations and confidence in STI screening information shared by partners. Among online survey participants, men were more likely to believe electronic PHRs make it easier to facilitate STI talks with potential partners (59.9% vs 51.9%; χ Conclusions: Findings suggest that electronic PHR access in STI screening settings among similar populations of Black youth may improve both motivation and personal agency for initiating dyadic STI health communication. Results from this study will likely inform novel interventions that use access to electronic PHRs to stimulate important health-related discussions between sexual partners. Moving forward requires studying strategies for implementing interventions that leverage electronic PHRs to create new sexual health communication channels with providers, peers, and family among black youth.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-12
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2798261-0
ISSN	2291-9694
ISSN	2291-9694
DOI	10.2196/medinform.9174
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