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Article ; Online: (What) can patients with semantic dementia learn?

Shebani, Zubaida / Patterson, Karalyn

2024 Volume 197, Page(s) 108844

Abstract: Semantic Dementia (SD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration of semantic knowledge, resulting in diminished understanding of concepts, whether encountered in verbal or non-verbal form. Over the past three decades, a ... ...

Abstract	Semantic Dementia (SD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration of semantic knowledge, resulting in diminished understanding of concepts, whether encountered in verbal or non-verbal form. Over the past three decades, a number of studies employing a range of treatment techniques and learning methods have examined whether patients with SD can relearn previously known concepts or learn and retain new information. In this article, we review this research, addressing two main questions: a) Can aspects of semantic knowledge that are 'lost' due to degeneration be re-acquired? b) How much do other memory systems (working and episodic memory) interact with and depend on semantic memory? Several studies demonstrate successful relearning of previously known words and concepts in SD, particularly after regular, prolonged practice; but this success tends to diminish once practice ceases, and furthermore often fails to generalise to other instances of the same object/concept. This pattern suggests that, with impaired semantic knowledge, learning relies to an abnormal extent on perceptual factors, making it difficult to abstract away from the specific visual or other perceptual format in which a given concept has been trained. Furthermore, the impact of semantic 'status' of a word or object on both working and episodic memory indicates pervasive interaction of these other memory systems with conceptual knowledge.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Frontotemporal Dementia/complications ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Learning ; Memory ; Mental Recall ; Semantics ; Neuropsychological Tests
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	207151-4
ISSN	1873-3514 ; 0028-3932
ISSN (online)	1873-3514
ISSN	0028-3932
DOI	10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108844
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Article ; Online: A neuroanatomical and cognitive model of impaired social behaviour in frontotemporal dementia.

Rouse, Matthew A / Binney, Richard J / Patterson, Karalyn / Rowe, James B / Lambon Ralph, Matthew A

Brain : a journal of neurology

2024

Abstract: Impaired social cognition is a core deficit in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It is most commonly associated with the behavioural-variant of FTD, with atrophy of the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Social cognitive changes are also ... ...

Abstract	Impaired social cognition is a core deficit in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It is most commonly associated with the behavioural-variant of FTD, with atrophy of the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Social cognitive changes are also common in semantic dementia, with atrophy centred on the anterior temporal lobes. The impairment of social behaviour in FTD has typically been attributed to damage to the orbitofrontal cortex and/or temporal poles and/or the uncinate fasciculus that connects them. However, the relative contributions of each region are unresolved. In this Review, we present a unified neurocognitive model of controlled social behaviour that not only explains the observed impairment of social behaviours in FTD, but also assimilates both consistent and potentially contradictory findings from other patient groups, comparative neurology and normative cognitive neuroscience. We propose that impaired social behaviour results from damage to two cognitively- and anatomically-distinct components. The first component is social-semantic knowledge, a part of the general semantic-conceptual system supported by the anterior temporal lobes bilaterally. The second component is social control, supported by the orbitofrontal cortex, medial frontal cortex and ventrolateral frontal cortex, which interacts with social-semantic knowledge to guide and shape social behaviour.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awae040
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Article ; Online: Verbal fluency tests assess global cognitive status but have limited diagnostic differentiation: evidence from a large-scale examination of six neurodegenerative diseases.

Henderson, Shalom K / Peterson, Katie A / Patterson, Karalyn / Lambon Ralph, Matthew A / Rowe, James B

Brain communications

2023 Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) fcad042

Abstract: Verbal fluency is widely used as a clinical test, but its utility in differentiating between neurodegenerative dementias and progressive aphasias, and from healthy controls, remains unclear. We assessed whether various measures of fluency performance ... ...

Abstract	Verbal fluency is widely used as a clinical test, but its utility in differentiating between neurodegenerative dementias and progressive aphasias, and from healthy controls, remains unclear. We assessed whether various measures of fluency performance could differentiate between Alzheimer's disease, behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia, non-fluent and semantic variants of primary progressive aphasia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome and healthy controls. Category and letter fluency tasks were administered to 33 controls and 139 patients at their baseline clinical visit. We assessed group differences for total number of words produced, psycholinguistic word properties and associations between production order and exemplar psycholinguistic properties. Receiver operating characteristic curves determined which measure could best discriminate patient groups and controls. The total word count distinguished controls from all patient groups, but neither this measure nor the word properties differentiated the patient groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that, when comparing controls to patients, the strongest discriminators were total word count followed by word frequency. Word frequency was the strongest discriminator for semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia versus other groups. Fluency word counts were associated with global severity as measured by Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination Revised. Verbal fluency is an efficient test for assessing global brain-cognitive health but has limited utility in differentiating between cognitively and anatomically disparate patient groups. This outcome is consistent with the fact that verbal fluency requires many different aspects of higher cognition and language.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-21
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2632-1297
ISSN (online)	2632-1297
DOI	10.1093/braincomms/fcad042
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Article ; Online: Neuropsychological Thoughts, Then and Now: A Tribute to Oscar Marin.

Patterson, Karalyn E

Cognitive and behavioral neurology : official journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology

2015 Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 153–159

Abstract: This brief paper, inspired by an invitation to acknowledge and celebrate Oscar Marin's great contributions to cognitive neurology and neuropsychology, reviews the case of a patient, T.P., who had significant deficits of naming, reading, and spelling. I ... ...

Abstract	This brief paper, inspired by an invitation to acknowledge and celebrate Oscar Marin's great contributions to cognitive neurology and neuropsychology, reviews the case of a patient, T.P., who had significant deficits of naming, reading, and spelling. I first studied and reported this patient 35 years ago, in 1979, when I was significantly influenced by the work of Oscar Marin and his colleagues. I have recently had the unusual opportunity to do some brief reassessment of T.P.'s current (2015) cognitive abilities, and to reassess the interpretations that I had given to her pattern of impairment in the initial studies. I suggest that advances over the last decade or so-in theorizing about, and connectionist modeling of, reading and spelling disorders-enable a more coherent account of T.P.'s acquired anomia, dyslexia, and dysgraphia, and the relationships among them.
MeSH term(s)	Agraphia ; Dyslexia ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychology/methods ; Stroke/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2108112-8
ISSN	1543-3641 ; 1543-3633
ISSN (online)	1543-3641
ISSN	1543-3633
DOI	10.1097/WNN.0000000000000054
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Article ; Online: Language impairment in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome.

Peterson, Katie A / Patterson, Karalyn / Rowe, James B

Journal of neurology

2019 Volume 268, Issue 3, Page(s) 796–809

Abstract: Although commonly known as movement disorders, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) may present with changes in speech and language alongside or even before motor symptoms. The differential diagnosis of these two disorders ...

Abstract	Although commonly known as movement disorders, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) may present with changes in speech and language alongside or even before motor symptoms. The differential diagnosis of these two disorders can be challenging, especially in the early stages. Here we review their impact on speech and language. We discuss the neurobiological and clinical-phenomenological overlap of PSP and CBS with each other, and with other disorders including non-fluent agrammatic primary progressive aphasia and primary progressive apraxia of speech. Because language impairment is often an early and persistent problem in CBS and PSP, there is a need for improved methods for language screening in primary and secondary care, and more detailed language assessments in tertiary healthcare settings. Improved language assessment may aid differential diagnosis as well as inform clinical management decisions.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Language ; Language Development Disorders ; Speech ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive/complications ; Syndrome
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-18
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	187050-6
ISSN	1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
ISSN (online)	1432-1459
ISSN	0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
DOI	10.1007/s00415-019-09463-1
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Article ; Online: Cognitive consequences of the left-right asymmetry of atrophy in semantic dementia.

Woollams, Anna M / Patterson, Karalyn

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

2017 Volume 107, Page(s) 64–77

Abstract: Semantic dementia (SD) is a condition in which atrophy to the anterior temporal lobes (ATL) produces a selective deterioration of conceptual knowledge. As this atrophy is always bilateral but usually asymmetrical, differences in performance of the two SD ...

Abstract	Semantic dementia (SD) is a condition in which atrophy to the anterior temporal lobes (ATL) produces a selective deterioration of conceptual knowledge. As this atrophy is always bilateral but usually asymmetrical, differences in performance of the two SD subgroups-with left > right (L > R) versus right > left (R > L) atrophy-constitute a major source of evidence regarding the roles of the left and right sides of this region. We explored this issue using large scale case-series methodology, with a pool of 216 observations of neuropsychological data from 72 patients with SD. Anomia was significantly more severe in the L > R subgroup, even when cases from the two subgroups were matched on severity of comprehension deficits. For subgroups matched on the degree of anomia, we show that asymmetry of atrophy also affected both the nature of the naming errors produced, and the degree of a semantic category effect (living things vs artefacts). A comparison across tasks varying in their loading on verbal and visual processing revealed a greater deficit in object naming for L > R cases and in a picture-based semantic association test for R > L cases; this held true whether severity across subgroups was controlled using pairwise matching or statistically via principal components analysis. Importantly, the size of our sample allowed us to demonstrate considerable individual variation within each of the L > R and R > L subgroups, with consequent overlap between them. Our results paint a clear picture of how asymmetry of atrophy affects cognitive performance in SD, and we discuss the results in terms of two mechanisms that could contribute to these differences: variation in the information involved in semantic representations in the left and right ATL, and preferential connectivity between each ATL and other more modality specific intra-hemispheric regions.
MeSH term(s)	Anomia/pathology ; Atrophy/pathology ; Cognition/physiology ; Female ; Frontotemporal Dementia/diagnosis ; Frontotemporal Dementia/pathology ; Functional Laterality/physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Semantics ; Temporal Lobe/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-05
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280622-8
ISSN	1973-8102 ; 0010-9452
ISSN (online)	1973-8102
ISSN	0010-9452
DOI	10.1016/j.cortex.2017.11.014
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Article ; Online: Striking loss of second language in bilingual patients with semantic dementia.

Ellajosyula, Ratnavalli / Narayanan, Jwala / Patterson, Karalyn

Journal of neurology

2019 Volume 267, Issue 2, Page(s) 551–560

Abstract: Background: Studies of bilingual or multilingual patients with neurodegenerative diseases that disrupt language like the primary progressive aphasias (PPA) may contribute valuable information on language organization in the bilingual brain and on the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Studies of bilingual or multilingual patients with neurodegenerative diseases that disrupt language like the primary progressive aphasias (PPA) may contribute valuable information on language organization in the bilingual brain and on the factors affecting language decline. There is limited literature on bilingual PPA and in particular on semantic dementia, a type of PPA with selective loss of semantic memory. We studied the nature and severity of naming and comprehension deficits across languages in bilingual patients with semantic dementia (SD). Methods: Sixteen bilingual patients with SD and 34 bilingual age-matched controls were administered the modified Boston Naming Test and components of Cambridge Semantic Battery. The patients' performance on picture naming and word comprehension was compared across languages and with controls. The most proficient language on self-rating was labelled as L1 and less proficient as L2. Results: We observed striking loss of second language (L2) in SD for both receptive and expressive language, even in patients who were premorbidly fluent in their L2. Naming and comprehension in every patient's L2 were impaired relative to both their own first-language (L1) scores and controls' L2 scores. Furthermore, item-specific correct responses in each patient's L2 were a subset of their successes in L1. Discussion: A striking contrast in performance between two languages in bilingual patients with SD indicates that a bilingual's L2 or less proficient language is more vulnerable to neurodegeneration. Our findings also support a common semantic network in the brain for the different languages of bilinguals.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aphasia, Primary Progressive/physiopathology ; Comprehension/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Language Tests ; Male ; Memory and Learning Tests ; Middle Aged ; Multilingualism ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-08
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	187050-6
ISSN	1432-1459 ; 0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
ISSN (online)	1432-1459
ISSN	0340-5354 ; 0012-1037 ; 0939-1517 ; 1619-800X
DOI	10.1007/s00415-019-09616-2
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Article ; Online: Understanding the multidimensional cognitive deficits of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia.

Ramanan, Siddharth / Irish, Muireann / Patterson, Karalyn / Rowe, James B / Gorno-Tempini, Maria Luisa / Lambon Ralph, Matthew A

Brain : a journal of neurology

2022 Volume 145, Issue 9, Page(s) 2955–2966

Abstract: The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia is characterized by early deficits in language production and phonological short-term memory, attributed to left-lateralized temporoparietal, inferior parietal and posterior temporal neurodegeneration. ...

Abstract	The logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia is characterized by early deficits in language production and phonological short-term memory, attributed to left-lateralized temporoparietal, inferior parietal and posterior temporal neurodegeneration. Despite patients primarily complaining of language difficulties, emerging evidence points to performance deficits in non-linguistic domains. Temporoparietal cortex, and functional brain networks anchored to this region, are implicated as putative neural substrates of non-linguistic cognitive deficits in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, suggesting that degeneration of a shared set of brain regions may result in co-occurring linguistic and non-linguistic dysfunction early in the disease course. Here, we provide a Review aimed at broadening the understanding of logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia beyond the lens of an exclusive language disorder. By considering behavioural and neuroimaging research on non-linguistic dysfunction in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, we propose that a significant portion of multidimensional cognitive features can be explained by degeneration of temporal/inferior parietal cortices and connected regions. Drawing on insights from normative cognitive neuroscience, we propose that these regions underpin a combination of domain-general and domain-selective cognitive processes, whose disruption results in multifaceted cognitive deficits including aphasia. This account explains the common emergence of linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive difficulties in logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, and predicts phenotypic diversification associated with progression of pathology in posterior neocortex.
MeSH term(s)	Aphasia, Primary Progressive/pathology ; Cognition Disorders/pathology ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awac208
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Article: Language Disorder in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: Neural Correlates and Detection by the MLSE Screening Tool.

Peterson, Katie A / Jones, P Simon / Patel, Nikil / Tsvetanov, Kamen A / Ingram, Ruth / Cappa, Stefano F / Lambon Ralph, Matthew A / Patterson, Karalyn / Garrard, Peter / Rowe, James B

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

2021 Volume 13, Page(s) 675739

Abstract: ... ...

Abstract	Background
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2558898-9
ISSN	1663-4365
ISSN	1663-4365
DOI	10.3389/fnagi.2021.675739
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Article: The reign of typicality in semantic memory.

Patterson, Karalyn

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

2007 Volume 362, Issue 1481, Page(s) 813–821

Abstract: This paper begins with a brief description of a theoretical framework for semantic memory, in which processing is inherently sensitive to the varying typicality of its representations. The approach is then elaborated with particular regard to evidence ... ...

Abstract	This paper begins with a brief description of a theoretical framework for semantic memory, in which processing is inherently sensitive to the varying typicality of its representations. The approach is then elaborated with particular regard to evidence from semantic dementia, a disorder resulting in relatively selective deterioration of conceptual knowledge, in which cognitive performance reveals ubiquitous effects of typicality. This applies to frankly semantic tasks (like object naming), where typicality can be gauged by the extent to which an object or concept is characterized by shared features in its category. It also applies in tasks apparently requiring only access to a 'surface' representation (such as lexical decision) or translation from one surface representation to another (like reading words aloud), where typicality is defined in terms of the structure of the surface domain(s). The effects of surface-domain typicality also appear early in the time course of word and object processing by normal participants, as revealed in event-related potential studies. These results suggest that perceptual and conceptual processing form an interactive continuum rather than distinct stages, and that typicality effects reign throughout this continuum.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/physiology ; Dementia/physiopathology ; Dementia/psychology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Memory ; Neuropsychology/methods ; Perception ; Semantics
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-02-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	208382-6
ISSN	1471-2970 ; 0962-8436 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839
ISSN (online)	1471-2970
ISSN	0962-8436 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839
DOI	10.1098/rstb.2007.2090
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