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  1. Article ; Online: Revisión escéptica del estado de la neuroimagen en el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad.

    Castellanos, F Xavier

    Medicina

    2022  Volume 82 Suppl 1, Page(s) 28–32

    Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been the focus of magnetic resonance imaging studies for more than 30 years, with more than 2200 articles listed in PubMed. Nevertheless, the brain substrates of ADHD remain poorly understood. This ... ...

    Title translation Skeptical review of the state of neuroimaging in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
    Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been the focus of magnetic resonance imaging studies for more than 30 years, with more than 2200 articles listed in PubMed. Nevertheless, the brain substrates of ADHD remain poorly understood. This reflects the crisis of replicability across nearly all scientific endeavors, deriving from factors such as small sample sizes combined with a proliferation in analytical approaches, yielding high rates of false positive results. The field of molecular genetics confronted this by adopting open and immediate sharing of raw data and insistence on rigorous corrections for multiple comparisons. These strategies are yielding more robust genetic findings, albeit with much smaller effect sizes than before. This brief review focuses on two recent consortium efforts, i.e., the international Enhancing Neuro-Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA), and the U.S. Adolescent Behavior & Cognitive Developm ent Study (ABCD). Both embrace the culture of open science, and are beginning to yield credible findings, despite being limited initially to cross-sectional analyses. As the field continues to mature, these and other ongoing longitudinal large-scale studies are poised to transform our understanding of the pathophysiology of ADHD to bring closer the day when neuroimaging can contribute to clinical utility.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnostic imaging ; Brain ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Neuroimaging/methods
    Language Spanish
    Publishing date 2022-02-16
    Publishing country Argentina
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 411586-7
    ISSN 1669-9106 ; 0025-7680 ; 0325-951X
    ISSN (online) 1669-9106
    ISSN 0025-7680 ; 0325-951X
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  2. Article ; Online: Clavipectoral Fascia and Clavipectoral Fascia Plane Block: To Be or Not to Be.

    Heredia-Carqués, Cristina / Labandeyra, Hipólito / Castellanos, Marta / Váldes-Vilches, Luis F / Tomás, Xavier / Sala-Blanch, Xavier

    Anesthesia and analgesia

    2024  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80032-6
    ISSN 1526-7598 ; 0003-2999
    ISSN (online) 1526-7598
    ISSN 0003-2999
    DOI 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006837
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  3. Article ; Online: Family Discordance in Gender Identification Is Not Associated with Increased Depression and Anxiety Among Trans Youth.

    Martinez Agulleiro, Luis / Castellanos, F Xavier / Janssen, Aron / Baroni, Argelinda

    LGBT health

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 193–201

    Abstract: Purpose: ...

    Abstract Purpose:
    MeSH term(s) Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Gender Identity ; Transgender Persons/psychology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Transsexualism ; Anxiety/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2727303-9
    ISSN 2325-8306 ; 2325-8292
    ISSN (online) 2325-8306
    ISSN 2325-8292
    DOI 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0143
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  4. Article ; Online: Is Adult-Onset ADHD a Distinct Entity?

    Castellanos, F Xavier

    The American journal of psychiatry

    2015  Volume 172, Issue 10, Page(s) 929–931

    MeSH term(s) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/diagnosis ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 280045-7
    ISSN 1535-7228 ; 0002-953X
    ISSN (online) 1535-7228
    ISSN 0002-953X
    DOI 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15070988
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  5. Article ; Online: The power of many brains: Catalyzing neuropsychiatric discovery through open neuroimaging data and large-scale collaboration.

    Lu, Bin / Chen, Xiao / Xavier Castellanos, Francisco / Thompson, Paul M / Zuo, Xi-Nian / Zang, Yu-Feng / Yan, Chao-Gan

    Science bulletin

    2024  

    Abstract: Recent advances in open neuroimaging data are enhancing our comprehension of neuropsychiatric disorders. By pooling images from various cohorts, statistical power has increased, enabling the detection of subtle abnormalities and robust associations, and ... ...

    Abstract Recent advances in open neuroimaging data are enhancing our comprehension of neuropsychiatric disorders. By pooling images from various cohorts, statistical power has increased, enabling the detection of subtle abnormalities and robust associations, and fostering new research methods. Global collaborations in imaging have furthered our knowledge of the neurobiological foundations of brain disorders and aided in imaging-based prediction for more targeted treatment. Large-scale magnetic resonance imaging initiatives are driving innovation in analytics and supporting generalizable psychiatric studies. We also emphasize the significant role of big data in understanding neural mechanisms and in the early identification and precise treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, challenges such as data harmonization across different sites, privacy protection, and effective data sharing must be addressed. With proper governance and open science practices, we conclude with a projection of how large-scale imaging resources and collaborations could revolutionize diagnosis, treatment selection, and outcome prediction, contributing to optimal brain health.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2816140-3
    ISSN 2095-9281 ; 2095-9273
    ISSN (online) 2095-9281
    ISSN 2095-9273
    DOI 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Evidence of Altered Habenular Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Pediatric ADHD.

    Arfuso, Melissa / Salas, Ramiro / Castellanos, F Xavier / Krain Roy, Amy

    Journal of attention disorders

    2019  Volume 25, Issue 5, Page(s) 749–757

    Abstract: Objective: ...

    Abstract Objective:
    MeSH term(s) Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnostic imaging ; Brain ; Brain Mapping ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Habenula ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2004350-8
    ISSN 1557-1246 ; 1087-0547
    ISSN (online) 1557-1246
    ISSN 1087-0547
    DOI 10.1177/1087054719843177
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  7. Article: Top-Down Dysregulation-From ADHD to Emotional Instability.

    Petrovic, Predrag / Castellanos, F Xavier

    Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

    2016  Volume 10, Page(s) 70

    Abstract: Deficient cognitive top-down executive control has long been hypothesized to underlie inattention and impulsivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, top-down cognitive dysfunction explains a modest proportion of the ADHD ... ...

    Abstract Deficient cognitive top-down executive control has long been hypothesized to underlie inattention and impulsivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, top-down cognitive dysfunction explains a modest proportion of the ADHD phenotype whereas the salience of emotional dysregulation is being noted increasingly. Together, these two types of dysfunction have the potential to account for more of the phenotypic variance in patients diagnosed with ADHD. We develop this idea and suggest that top-down dysregulation constitutes a gradient extending from mostly non-emotional top-down control processes (i.e., "cool" executive functions) to mainly emotional regulatory processes (including "hot" executive functions). While ADHD has been classically linked primarily to the former, conditions involving emotional instability such as borderline and antisocial personality disorder are closer to the other. In this model, emotional subtypes of ADHD are located at intermediate levels of this gradient. Neuroanatomically, gradations in "cool" processing appear to be related to prefrontal dysfunction involving dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC), while "hot" processing entails orbitofrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). A similar distinction between systems related to non-emotional and emotional processing appears to hold for the basal ganglia (BG) and the neuromodulatory effects of the dopamine system. Overall we suggest that these two systems could be divided according to whether they process non-emotional information related to the exteroceptive environment (associated with "cool" regulatory circuits) or emotional information related to the interoceptive environment (associated with "hot" regulatory circuits). We propose that this framework can integrate ADHD, emotional traits in ADHD, borderline and antisocial personality disorder into a related cluster of mental conditions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-05-23
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2452960-6
    ISSN 1662-5153
    ISSN 1662-5153
    DOI 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00070
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  8. Article ; Online: Annual Research Review: Discovery science strategies in studies of the pathophysiology of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders--promises and limitations.

    Zhao, Yihong / Castellanos, F Xavier

    Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines

    2016  Volume 57, Issue 3, Page(s) 421–439

    Abstract: Background: Psychiatric science remains descriptive, with a categorical nosology intended to enhance interobserver reliability. Increased awareness of the mismatch between categorical classifications and the complexity of biological systems drives the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Psychiatric science remains descriptive, with a categorical nosology intended to enhance interobserver reliability. Increased awareness of the mismatch between categorical classifications and the complexity of biological systems drives the search for novel frameworks including discovery science in Big Data. In this review, we provide an overview of incipient approaches, primarily focused on classically categorical diagnoses such as schizophrenia (SZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but also reference convincing, if focal, advances in cancer biology, to describe the challenges of Big Data and discovery science, and outline approaches being formulated to overcome existing obstacles.
    Findings: A paradigm shift from categorical diagnoses to a domain/structure-based nosology and from linear causal chains to complex causal network models of brain-behavior relationship is ongoing. This (r)evolution involves appreciating the complexity, dimensionality, and heterogeneity of neuropsychiatric data collected from multiple sources ('broad' data) along with data obtained at multiple levels of analysis, ranging from genes to molecules, cells, circuits, and behaviors ('deep' data). Both of these types of Big Data landscapes require the use and development of robust and powerful informatics and statistical approaches. Thus, we describe Big Data analysis pipelines and the promise and potential limitations in using Big Data approaches to study psychiatric disorders.
    Conclusions: We highlight key resources available for psychopathological studies and call for the application and development of Big Data approaches to dissect the causes and mechanisms of neuropsychiatric disorders and identify corresponding biomarkers for early diagnosis.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychiatry/methods ; Biomedical Research/methods ; Child ; Child Psychiatry/methods ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; Mental Disorders/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 218136-8
    ISSN 1469-7610 ; 0021-9630 ; 0373-8086
    ISSN (online) 1469-7610
    ISSN 0021-9630 ; 0373-8086
    DOI 10.1111/jcpp.12503
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Science in Development.

    Castellanos, F Xavier / Aoki, Yuta

    Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging

    2016  Volume 1, Issue 3, Page(s) 253–261

    Abstract: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) without an explicit task, i.e., resting state fMRI, of individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is growing rapidly. Early studies were unaware of the vulnerability of this method to ... ...

    Abstract Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) without an explicit task, i.e., resting state fMRI, of individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is growing rapidly. Early studies were unaware of the vulnerability of this method to even minor degrees of head motion, a major concern in the field. Recent efforts are implementing various strategies to address this source of artifact along with a growing set of analytical tools. Availability of the ADHD-200 Consortium dataset, a large-scale multi-site repository, is facilitating increasingly sophisticated approaches. In parallel, investigators are beginning to explicitly test the replicability of published findings. In this narrative review, we sketch out broad, overarching hypotheses being entertained while noting methodological uncertainties. Current hypotheses implicate the interplay of default, cognitive control (frontoparietal) and attention (dorsal, ventral, salience) networks in ADHD; functional connectivities of reward-related and amygdala-related circuits are also supported as substrates for dimensional aspects of ADHD. Before these can be further specified and definitively tested, we assert the field must take on the challenge of mapping the "topography" of the analytical space, i.e., determining the sensitivities of results to variations in acquisition, analysis, demographic and phenotypic parameters. Doing so with openly available datasets will provide the needed foundation for delineating typical and atypical developmental trajectories of brain structure and function in neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD when applied to large-scale multi-site prospective longitudinal studies such as the forthcoming Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-08-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2879089-3
    ISSN 2451-9030 ; 2451-9022
    ISSN (online) 2451-9030
    ISSN 2451-9022
    DOI 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.03.004
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  10. Article ; Online: Cerebro-cerebellar Dysconnectivity in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

    Wang, Pan / Wang, Jianlin / Jiang, Yuan / Wang, Zedong / Meng, Chun / Castellanos, F Xavier / Biswal, Bharat B

    Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

    2022  Volume 61, Issue 11, Page(s) 1372–1384

    Abstract: Objective: Abnormal cerebellar development has been implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity (FC) has yet to be examined in ADHD. Our objective is to investigate the disturbed ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Abnormal cerebellar development has been implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity (FC) has yet to be examined in ADHD. Our objective is to investigate the disturbed cerebro-cerebellar FC in children and adolescents with ADHD.
    Method: We analyzed a dataset of 106 individuals with ADHD (68 children, 38 adolescents) and 62 healthy comparison individuals (34 children, 28 adolescents) from the publicly available ADHD-200 dataset. We identified 7 cerebellar subregions based on cerebro-cerebellar FC and subsequently obtained the FC maps of cerebro-cerebellar networks. The main effects of ADHD and age and their interaction were examined using 2-way analysis of variance.
    Results: Compared to comparisons, ADHD showed higher cerebro-cerebellar FC in the superior temporal gyrus within the somatomotor network. Interactions of diagnosis and age were identified in the supplementary motor area and postcentral gyrus within the somatomotor network and middle temporal gyrus within the ventral attention network. Follow-up Pearson correlation analysis revealed decreased cerebro-cerebellar FC in these regions with increasing age in comparisons, whereas the opposite pattern of increased cerebro-cerebellar FC occurred in ADHD.
    Conclusion: Increased cerebro-cerebellar FC in the superior temporal gyrus within the somatomotor network could underlie impairments in cognitive control and somatic motor function in ADHD. In addition, increasing cerebro-cerebellar FC in older participants with ADHD suggests that enhanced cerebellar involvement may compensate for dysfunctions of the cerebral cortex in ADHD.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Aged ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnostic imaging ; Brain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Motor Cortex
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 392535-3
    ISSN 1527-5418 ; 0890-8567
    ISSN (online) 1527-5418
    ISSN 0890-8567
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.035
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