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  1. Article ; Online: Progeria, atherosclerosis and clonal hematopoiesis: links and future perspectives.

    Mozzini, Chiara

    Mechanisms of ageing and development

    2020  Volume 192, Page(s) 111365

    Abstract: The main actors of this review are Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and atherosclerosis. HGPS is a very rare disease with no definitively approved specific drugs. Atherosclerosis is a very common disease with a more consolidated treatment ... ...

    Abstract The main actors of this review are Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and atherosclerosis. HGPS is a very rare disease with no definitively approved specific drugs. Atherosclerosis is a very common disease with a more consolidated treatment strategy. Nevertheless, common mechanisms are shared by both these diseases, particularly related to inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pathways regulated by Nuclear factor E2 related factor (Nrf2), Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and related to the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and ER stress are receiving increasing attention. In HGPS "not omnia" happen(s) "cum tempore", that means that HGPS patients have atherosclerotic complications before their time. The third actor is clonal hematopoiesis: it constitutes a link between ageing and atherosclerosis. This review aims to analyse the current knowledge of atherosclerosis and clonal hematopoiesis in order to suggest therapeutic strategies to correct the timing of the atherosclerosis progression in HGPS. The goal for HGPS is a shift from "not omnia cum tempore" to "omnia cum tempore" in terms of significant lifespan extension by postponing atherosclerosis-related complications.
    MeSH term(s) Aging/physiology ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism ; Clonal Hematopoiesis ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Humans ; Longevity/physiology ; Oxidative Stress ; Progeria/metabolism
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-29
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 183915-9
    ISSN 1872-6216 ; 0047-6374
    ISSN (online) 1872-6216
    ISSN 0047-6374
    DOI 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111365
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  2. Article ; Online: The Heart Failure Knights.

    Mozzini, Chiara / Pagani, Mauro

    Current problems in cardiology

    2023  Volume 48, Issue 9, Page(s) 101834

    Abstract: The 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (HF) have abandoned the sequential approach for optimal drug therapy and proposed four drug classes, the so-called 4 "pillars" ( ... ...

    Abstract The 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (HF) have abandoned the sequential approach for optimal drug therapy and proposed four drug classes, the so-called 4 "pillars" (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors; beta-blockers; mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors) to be initiated and titrated in all patients with reduced ejection fraction HF (HFrEF). In addition, new molecules have been considered, derived from recently reported advances from trials in HFrEF. In this review, Authors examine in particular these new molecules, as further "knights" for HF. In particular, vericiguat, a novel oral soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, has proved effective in patients with HFrEF who had recently been hospitalized or had received intravenous diuretic therapy. The selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil and the cardiac myosin inhibitors aficamten and mavacamten are under investigation. Cardiac myosin stimulator, omecamtiv mecarbil, has shown efficacy in HFrEF, lowering HF related events or cardiovascular death, while the 2 inhibitors, mavacamten and aficamten have been shown to reduce hypercontractility and left ventricular outflow obstruction improving functional capacity in randomized trials targeting hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. These agents are the prototypes of active pipelines promising to deliver an array of molecules against HF in the near future.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Heart Failure/drug therapy ; Stroke Volume/physiology ; Cardiac Myosins/pharmacology ; Cardiac Myosins/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances MYK-461 ; omecamtiv mecarbil (2M19539ERK) ; Cardiac Myosins (EC 3.6.1.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-26
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 441230-8
    ISSN 1535-6280 ; 0146-2806
    ISSN (online) 1535-6280
    ISSN 0146-2806
    DOI 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101834
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  3. Article: Oxidative Stress in Chronic and Age-Related Diseases.

    Mozzini, Chiara / Pagani, Mauro

    Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 3

    Abstract: The connection between oxidative stress and common age-related diseases presents an exciting field of research [ ... ]. ...

    Abstract The connection between oxidative stress and common age-related diseases presents an exciting field of research [...].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-08
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox11030521
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  4. Article: Oxidative Stress in Chronic and Age-Related Diseases

    Mozzini, Chiara / Pagani, Mauro

    Antioxidants. 2022 Mar. 08, v. 11, no. 3

    2022  

    Abstract: The connection between oxidative stress and common age-related diseases presents an exciting field of research [ ... ] ...

    Abstract The connection between oxidative stress and common age-related diseases presents an exciting field of research [...]
    Keywords antioxidants ; chronic diseases ; oxidative stress ; research
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0308
    Publishing place Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox11030521
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article ; Online: Cardiovascular Diseases: Consider Netosis.

    Mozzini, Chiara / Pagani, Mauro

    Current problems in cardiology

    2021  Volume 47, Issue 10, Page(s) 100929

    Abstract: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like chromatin fibers that are released from dying neutrophils during infections. NETs are a sort of scaffold, ideal to retain microbes. The main function of NETs is the trapping and killing pathogens, as ... ...

    Abstract Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are net-like chromatin fibers that are released from dying neutrophils during infections. NETs are a sort of scaffold, ideal to retain microbes. The main function of NETs is the trapping and killing pathogens, as such as bacteria, fungi, viruses (including SARS-CoV-2) and protozoa. The death of neutrophils via NETs formation is called "NETosis." Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that NETosis is involved in several diseases, other than infections. Very recently, it has been shown that NETs formation contributes to venous thromboembolism but also to atherosclerosis progression, creating a link between venous and arterial thrombosis. The presence of NETs in the luminal portion of human atherosclerotic vessels and coronary specimens obtained from patients after acute myocardial infarction has been detected. This review provides evidence of the most important updates about the role of NETs in myocardial infarction, in heart failure and in the process of atherosclerosis itself. The prognostic significance of NETs-related markers in cardiovascular diseases will be discussed, in order to assess targeted therapeutic strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Atherosclerosis ; COVID-19 ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Extracellular Traps ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 441230-8
    ISSN 1535-6280 ; 0146-2806
    ISSN (online) 1535-6280
    ISSN 0146-2806
    DOI 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100929
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  6. Article ; Online: Clonal Hematopoiesis and Cardiovascular Diseases: The Connection.

    Mozzini, Chiara / Pagani, Mauro

    Current problems in cardiology

    2021  Volume 47, Issue 10, Page(s) 100962

    Abstract: Atherothrombosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, but the precise mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been known for many years, but are not enough to predict individual risk despite consolidated ... ...

    Abstract Atherothrombosis is the leading cause of death worldwide, but the precise mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been known for many years, but are not enough to predict individual risk despite consolidated and emerging risk scoring systems. Clonal Haematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP) refers to the clonal expansion of a population of haematopoietic cells in response to the acquisition of a somatic mutation, without any clinical or biological sign of haematological malignancy. The prevalence of this condition increases with age, reaching 10 to20% of the general population aged >70 years. Recent studies have shown a link between CHIP and cardiovascular diseases. CHIP carriers have higher risk of cardiovascular diseases with also a more severe prognosis. Inflammation and immunity play a critical role in enhancing the cardiovascular consequences of CHIP. In this review we discuss the association between CHIP and cardiovascular diseases focusing on inflammation and other pathways shared with atherosclerosis progression. It is hopeful that in the future patients recognized as CHIP carriers may be classified as high-risk cardiovascular patients and new treatment targets will be required for them.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Clonal Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Mutation ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 441230-8
    ISSN 1535-6280 ; 0146-2806
    ISSN (online) 1535-6280
    ISSN 0146-2806
    DOI 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100962
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  7. Article ; Online: The role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Covid-19: Only an hypothesis or a potential new field of research?

    Mozzini, Chiara / Girelli, Domenico

    Thrombosis research

    2020  Volume 191, Page(s) 26–27

    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus/immunology ; COVID-19 ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Coronavirus Infections/blood ; Coronavirus Infections/complications ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/therapy ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/etiology ; Extracellular Traps/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Humans ; Models, Immunological ; Oxidative Stress ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/blood ; Pneumonia, Viral/complications ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Pneumonia, Viral/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thrombophilia/etiology ; Thrombophilia/immunology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 121852-9
    ISSN 1879-2472 ; 0049-3848
    ISSN (online) 1879-2472
    ISSN 0049-3848
    DOI 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.031
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  8. Article ; Online: Changes in the ultrasound presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma: a center's three decades of experience.

    Giannitrapani, Lydia / Amodeo, Simona / Mirarchi, Luigi / Terranova, Antonino / Seidita, Aurelio / Mozzini, Chiara / Cabibi, Daniela / Brancatelli, Giuseppe / Licata, Anna / Soresi, Maurizio

    Journal of ultrasound

    2024  

    Abstract: Purpose: Ultrasound (US) surveillance is a cornerstone for early diagnosis of HCC, anyway US presentation has undergone significant changes. With the aim of evaluating the effects of US surveillance program in the real-world clinical practice, we wanted ...

    Abstract Purpose: Ultrasound (US) surveillance is a cornerstone for early diagnosis of HCC, anyway US presentation has undergone significant changes. With the aim of evaluating the effects of US surveillance program in the real-world clinical practice, we wanted to evaluate US presentation of HCCs over the last 30 years and the differences of HCCs presentation according to etiology.
    Methods: 174 patients diagnosed between 1993 and 98 (G1), 96 between 2003 and 08 (G2), 102 between 2013 and 18 (G3), were compared. US patterns were: single, multiple or diffuse nodules. The echo-patterns: iso-, hypo-, hyper-echoic, or mixed. In G1, the HCC diagnosis was mainly histologic; in G2 by EASL 2001 and AASLD 2005, in G3 AASLD 2011, EASL 2012, and AISF 2013 guidelines.
    Results: HCV was the most frequent etiology, dropping between G1 (81%) and G3 (66%) (P < 0.01), metabolic increased between G1 (5%) and G3 (14%) (P < 0.01). Single HCC was more prevalent in G3 vs G1 (65.6% vs 40%) (P < 0.0001), multiple nodules in G1 (50%) vs G3 (33.3%) (P < 0.02) and diffuse in G1 (16%) vs G2 (2%) and vs G3 (1%) (P < 0.001). The most frequent echo-pattern was hypo-echoic G1 (50%) vs G2 (79%) and G1 vs G3 (65%) (P < 0.01). Iso-echoic pattern was the least frequent (7-12%). Mixed pattern decreased from G1 (28%) to G3 (12%) (P < 0.002). In G3 there were more multiple or diffuse HCCs in metabolic (P < 0.03).
    Conclusion: US presentation became less severe due to surveillance programs. HCV remains the most frequent cause, an increase in metabolic etiology has been shown throughout the decades.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-07
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2365426-0
    ISSN 1876-7931 ; 1971-3495
    ISSN (online) 1876-7931
    ISSN 1971-3495
    DOI 10.1007/s40477-024-00888-7
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  9. Article: Potential Role of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies to Prevent Severe SARS-Cov-2 Complications.

    Fratta Pasini, Anna M / Stranieri, Chiara / Cominacini, Luciano / Mozzini, Chiara

    Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 10, Issue 2

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we review the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its relationship with oxidative stress (OS) and ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we review the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and its relationship with oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Furthermore, we analyze the potential role of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies to prevent severe complications. OS has a potential key role in the COVID-19 pathogenesis by triggering the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome and nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB). While exposure to many pro-oxidants usually induces nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor2 (NRF2) activation and upregulation of antioxidant related elements expression, respiratory viral infections often inhibit NRF2 and/or activate NF-
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2704216-9
    ISSN 2076-3921
    ISSN 2076-3921
    DOI 10.3390/antiox10020272
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  10. Article ; Online: The Most Severe Paradigm of Early Cardiovascular Disease: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria. Focus on the Role of Oxidative Stress.

    Mozzini, Chiara / Setti, Angela / Cicco, Sebastiano / Pagani, Mauro

    Current problems in cardiology

    2021  Volume 47, Issue 9, Page(s) 100900

    Abstract: Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most frequently recognized causes of ageing. Telomere erosion, defects in the DNA damage response and alterations in the nuclear architecture are also associated with premature ageing. The most severe premature ageing ... ...

    Abstract Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most frequently recognized causes of ageing. Telomere erosion, defects in the DNA damage response and alterations in the nuclear architecture are also associated with premature ageing. The most severe premature ageing syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is associated with alterations in nuclear shape resulting in the deregulation of lamin A/C. In this review we describe emerging data reporting the role of OS and antioxidant defence in progeroid syndromes focusing on HGPS. We explore precise antioxidant defence mechanisms and related drugs that may create a potential path out of the woods in this disease. Pathways regulated by Nuclear factor E2 related factor (Nrf2), by Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kB), and related to the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress are under investigation in HGPS patients for which the goal is a significant lifespan extension in particular by postponing atherosclerosis-related complications.
    MeSH term(s) Antioxidants/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/genetics ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress ; Progeria/genetics ; Progeria/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 441230-8
    ISSN 1535-6280 ; 0146-2806
    ISSN (online) 1535-6280
    ISSN 0146-2806
    DOI 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100900
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