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Article ; Online: The human adenovirus PI3K-Akt activator E4orf1 is targeted by the tumor suppressor p53.

Göttig, Lilian / Jummer, Simone / Staehler, Luisa / Groitl, Peter / Karimi, Maryam / Blanchette, Paola / Kosulin, Karin / Branton, Philip E / Schreiner, Sabrina

Journal of virology

2024 Volume 98, Issue 4, Page(s) e0170123

Abstract: Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are classified as DNA tumor viruses due to their potential to mediate oncogenic transformation in non-permissive mammalian cells and certain human stem cells. To achieve transformation, the viral early proteins of the E1 and E4 ... ...

Abstract	Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are classified as DNA tumor viruses due to their potential to mediate oncogenic transformation in non-permissive mammalian cells and certain human stem cells. To achieve transformation, the viral early proteins of the E1 and E4 regions must block apoptosis and activate proliferation: the former predominantly through modulating the cellular tumor suppressor p53 and the latter by activating cellular pro-survival and pro-metabolism protein cascades, such as the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K-Akt) pathway, which is activated by HAdV E4orf1. Focusing on HAdV-C5, we show that E4orf1 is necessary and sufficient to stimulate Akt activation through phosphorylation in H1299 cells, which is not only hindered but repressed during HAdV-C5 infection with a loss of E4orf1 function in p53-positive A549 cells. Contrary to other research, E4orf1 localized not only in the common, cytoplasmic PI3K-Akt-containing compartment, but also in distinct nuclear aggregates. We identified a novel inhibitory mechanism, where p53 selectively targeted E4orf1 to destabilize it, also stalling E4orf1-dependent Akt phosphorylation. Co-IP and immunofluorescence studies showed that p53 and E4orf1 interact, and since p53 is bound by the HAdV-C5 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, we also identified E4orf1 as a novel factor interacting with E1B-55K and E4orf6 during infection; overexpression of E4orf1 led to less-efficient E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated proteasomal degradation of p53. We hypothesize that p53 specifically subverts the pro-survival function of E4orf1-mediated PI3K-Akt activation to protect the cell from metabolic hyper-activation or even transformation.IMPORTANCEHuman adenoviruses (HAdV) are nearly ubiquitous pathogens comprising numerous subtypes that infect various tissues and organs. Among many encoded proteins that facilitate viral replication and subversion of host cellular processes, the viral E4orf1 protein has emerged as an intriguing yet under-investigated player in the complex interplay between the virus and its host. Nonetheless, E4orf1 has gained attention as a metabolism activator and oncogenic agent, while recent research is showing that E4orf1 may play a more important role in modulating the cellular pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mTOR. Our study reveals a novel and general impact of E4orf1 on host mechanisms, providing a novel basis for innovative antiviral strategies in future therapeutic settings. Ongoing investigations of the cellular pathways modulated by HAdV are of great interest, particularly since adenovirus-based vectors actually serve as vaccine or gene vectors. HAdV constitute an ideal model system to analyze the underlying molecular principles of virus-induced tumorigenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Adenoviruses, Human/physiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; Adenovirus E1B Proteins/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/metabolism ; Adenovirus Infections, Human ; Mammals
Chemical Substances	Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases (EC 2.7.1.-) ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (EC 2.7.1.137) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; Adenovirus E1B Proteins ; Viral Proteins ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases (EC 2.3.2.27)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/jvi.01701-23
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Article ; Online: Pattern of Visual-Motor Integration, Visual Perception, and Fine Motor Coordination Abilities in Children Being Assessed for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.

Johnston, Danielle / Pritchard, Lesley / Branton, Erin / Gross, Douglas P / Thompson-Hodgetts, Sandy

Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP

2023 Volume 44, Issue 7, Page(s) e463–e469

Abstract: ... 46.909, p ≤ 0.001).: Conclusion: Children being assessed for FASD experience more challenges ...

Abstract	Objective: Motor skill assessment is part of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) multidisciplinary assessment. Some clinicians opt to exclude assessment of the subcomponents of visual-motor integration (visual perception and motor coordination), on the assumption that challenges will be revealed based on the assessment of visual-motor integration. The objective is to describe the visual-motor integration, visual perception, and fine motor coordination pattern of abilities in children with confirmed prenatal alcohol exposure being assessed for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 91 children (65 males; mean age: 10 years, 6 months SD = 2 years, 10 months) undergoing assessment for FASD. Friedman and Wilcoxon statistics were used to compare mean visual-motor integration, visual perception, and fine motor coordination percentiles from the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration, Sixth Edition (Beery-6). Results: Children being assessed for FASD (n = 91) had the highest normative scores in visual perception, followed by visual-motor integration and fine motor coordination (mean percentiles (SD): 35.9 (24.9), 20.6 (18.3), and 13.8 (15.5), respectively) (χ 2 distribution = 46.909, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Children being assessed for FASD experience more challenges with fine motor coordination compared with visual-motor integration and visual perception tasks. This pattern differs from the pattern established for the general population in which tasks that require visual-motor integration are more challenging than tasks that isolate visual perception and fine motor coordination. These results suggest that fine motor coordination should be included in FASD diagnostic assessments and considered as an area for intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Child ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diagnosis ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/diagnosis ; Motor Skills ; Visual Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	603379-9
ISSN	1536-7312 ; 0196-206X
ISSN (online)	1536-7312
ISSN	0196-206X
DOI	10.1097/DBP.0000000000001200
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Zs.A 1582: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Motor skills and intelligence in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

Branton, Erin / Thompson-Hodgetts, Sandy / Johnston, Danielle / Gross, Douglas P / Pritchard, Lesley

Developmental medicine and child neurology

2022 Volume 64, Issue 8, Page(s) 965–970

Abstract: ... assessed for FASD was small and statistically non-significant (r=0.05, p=0.67).: Interpretation ...

Abstract	Aim: To determine the relationship between motor abilities and intelligence in children and young people with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) being assessed for fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Method: This was a cross-sectional correlational study of children and young people with PAE being assessed for FASD. The relationship between motor abilities (Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition) and intelligence (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fourth or Fifth Edition) was calculated using correlation and regression analyses. Attention and executive function were considered as potential confounding variables. Results: The relationship between motor abilities and intelligence in 73 children and young people (48 males, 25 females; aged 6-17y, mean age 10y 5mo [SD 2y 9mo]) assessed for FASD was small and statistically non-significant (r=0.05, p=0.67). Interpretation: The findings confirm that motor abilities and intelligence should be assessed separately when investigating an FASD diagnosis. Intelligence scores should not be used to estimate motor abilities, nor should they dictate when motor testing be completed. Assessing intelligence and motor domains separately will enhance diagnostic accuracy, identify the need for strategies or interventions to address functional motor skills, and further define the role of physiotherapy and occupational therapy in FASD assessment and intervention.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diagnosis ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Motor Skills ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	80369-8
ISSN	1469-8749 ; 0012-1622
ISSN (online)	1469-8749
ISSN	0012-1622
DOI	10.1111/dmcn.15175
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Article ; Online: Caspase cleavage of gasdermin E causes neuronal pyroptosis in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.

Fernandes, Jason P / Branton, William G / Cohen, Eric A / Koopman, Gerrit / Kondova, Ivanela / Gelman, Benjamin B / Power, Christopher

Brain : a journal of neurology

2023 Volume 147, Issue 2, Page(s) 717–734

Abstract: ... from persons with HAND showed increased cleaved gasdermin E (GSDME), which was associated with β-III tubulin ...

Abstract	Despite effective antiretroviral therapies, 20-30% of persons with treated HIV infection develop a neurodegenerative syndrome termed HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HAND is driven by HIV expression coupled with inflammation in the brain but the mechanisms underlying neuronal damage and death are uncertain. The inflammasome-pyroptosis axis coordinates an inflammatory type of regulated lytic cell death that is underpinned by the caspase-activated pore-forming gasdermin proteins. The mechanisms driving neuronal pyroptosis were investigated herein in models of HAND, using multi-platform molecular and morphological approaches that included brain tissues from persons with HAND and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected non-human primates as well as cultured human neurons. Neurons in the frontal cortices from persons with HAND showed increased cleaved gasdermin E (GSDME), which was associated with β-III tubulin degradation and increased HIV levels. Exposure of cultured human neurons to the HIV-encoded viral protein R (Vpr) elicited time-dependent cleavage of GSDME and Ninjurin-1 (NINJ1) induction with associated cell lysis that was inhibited by siRNA suppression of both proteins. Upstream of GSDME cleavage, Vpr exposure resulted in activation of caspases-1 and 3. Pretreatment of Vpr-exposed neurons with the caspase-1 inhibitor, VX-765, reduced cleavage of both caspase-3 and GSDME, resulting in diminished cell death. To validate these findings, we examined frontal cortical tissues from SIV-infected macaques, disclosing increased expression of GSDME and NINJ1 in cortical neurons, which was co-localized with caspase-3 detection in animals with neurological disease. Thus, HIV infection of the brain triggers the convergent activation of caspases-1 and -3, which results in GSDME-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in persons with HAND. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism by which a viral infection causes pyroptotic death in neurons while also offering new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HAND and other neurodegenerative disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Pyroptosis ; Caspases/metabolism ; Caspases/pharmacology ; Caspase 3/metabolism ; Caspase 3/pharmacology ; Gasdermins ; HIV/metabolism ; HIV Infections/complications ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurocognitive Disorders/etiology ; Nerve Growth Factors/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Gasdermins ; NINJ1 protein, human ; Nerve Growth Factors ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80072-7
ISSN	1460-2156 ; 0006-8950
ISSN (online)	1460-2156
ISSN	0006-8950
DOI	10.1093/brain/awad375
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Article ; Online: Gasdermin D activation in oligodendrocytes and microglia drives inflammatory demyelination in progressive multiple sclerosis.

Pollock, Niall M / Fernandes, Jason P / Woodfield, Jenilee / Moussa, Eman / Hlavay, Brittyne / Branton, William G / Wuest, Melinda / Mohammadzadeh, Nazanin / Schmitt, Laura / Plemel, Jason R / Julien, Olivier / Wuest, Frank / Power, Christopher

Brain, behavior, and immunity

2023 Volume 115, Page(s) 374–393

Abstract: ... CNS) contribute to disease advancement in progressive multiple sclerosis (P-MS). Inflammasome ... and its contributions to P-MS. Brain tissues from persons with P-MS showed significantly increased ...

Abstract	Neuroinflammation coupled with demyelination and neuro-axonal damage in the central nervous system (CNS) contribute to disease advancement in progressive multiple sclerosis (P-MS). Inflammasome activation accompanied by proteolytic cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD) results in cellular hyperactivation and lytic death. Using multiple experimental platforms, we investigated the actions of GSDMD within the CNS and its contributions to P-MS. Brain tissues from persons with P-MS showed significantly increased expression of GSDMD, NINJ1, IL-1β, and -18 within chronic active demyelinating lesions compared to MS normal appearing white matter and nonMS (control) white matter. Conditioned media (CM) from stimulated GSDMD
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal ; Cuprizone/therapeutic use ; Cuprizone/toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gasdermins/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microglia/pathology ; Multiple Sclerosis/pathology ; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive/pathology ; Nerve Growth Factors ; Oligodendroglia ; Proteomics
Chemical Substances	Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal ; Cuprizone (5N16U7E0AO) ; Gasdermins ; Nerve Growth Factors ; NINJ1 protein, human ; GSDMD protein, human ; Gsdmd protein, mouse
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-31
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639219-2
ISSN	1090-2139 ; 0889-1591
ISSN (online)	1090-2139
ISSN	0889-1591
DOI	10.1016/j.bbi.2023.10.022
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Article ; Online: Accuracy of motor assessment in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

Johnston, Danielle / Branton, Erin / Rasmuson, Leah / Schell, Sylvia / Gross, Douglas P / Pritchard-Wiart, Lesley

BMC pediatrics

2019 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 171

Abstract: ... Results: The MABC-2 total motor score was more sensitive (0.30; 95% CI 0.17-0.46; p < 0.01) to motor ...

Abstract	Background: To evaluate the accuracy of motor assessment tools listed in Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a guideline for diagnosis across the lifespan (Canadian Guideline) for the purpose of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) diagnosis. Specifically, we aimed to determine: 1) diagnostic accuracy of motor assessment tools and subtests; 2) accuracy of multiple subtests versus total scores; and 3) accuracy of alternate cut-offs. Methods: Cross-sectional diagnostic study of 63 children aged 6-17 years. Diagnostic accuracy and alternate cut-offs were calculated for the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition (MABC-2), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition Short Form (BOT-2SF) and Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration, 6th edition (BeeryVMI-6). Results: The MABC-2 total motor score was more sensitive (0.30; 95% CI 0.17-0.46; p < 0.01) to motor impairment in the presence of FASD than the BOT-2SF (0.02; 95% CI 0.00-0.12) at the 2nd percentile (-2SD). The MABC-2 total motor score was more accurate than any combination of subtest scores. The Motor Coordination subtest of the BeeryVMI-6 (BeeryMC) at the 5th percentile (- 1.5SD) (sensitivity 0.68, specificity 0.90) was the most accurate subtest. Conclusions: The BOT-2SF was an inaccurate assessment tool for FASD diagnosis. The MABC-2 total motor score was the most accurate using current guidelines, though its sensitivity was still low. Further investigation into inclusion of single subtests and/or using a less conservative cut-off in the Canadian Guideline is warranted.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/diagnosis ; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/physiopathology ; Guidelines as Topic ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Skills ; Motor Skills Disorders/diagnosis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/diagnosis ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/physiopathology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Task Performance and Analysis
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2041342-7
ISSN	1471-2431 ; 1471-2431
ISSN (online)	1471-2431
ISSN	1471-2431
DOI	10.1186/s12887-019-1542-3
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Article ; Online: Layer chicken embryo survival to hatch when administered an in ovo vaccination of strain F Mycoplasma gallisepticum and locations of bacteria prevalence in the newly hatched chick.

Elliott, K E C / Branton, S L / Evans, J D / Gerard, P D / Peebles, E D

Poultry science

2017 Volume 96, Issue 11, Page(s) 3879–3884

Abstract: ... doses (P = 0.02). These embryos died while pipping. No FMG was detected in the control and diluent ...

Abstract	Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a bacterial pathogen that causes production losses in layer chickens. To combat MG, multiage layer facilities vaccinate pullets by either spray or eye-drop vaccination. The objective in this study was to evaluate the use of in ovo vaccination as a potential alternative for MG vaccination. Layer embryos at 18 d of incubation were either not-injected (control), or were hand-injected with either commercial Marek's disease vaccine diluent alone or with a high, medium, low, or very low dosage of a live attenuated strain F (FMG) vaccine suspended in the commercial diluent. Hatch success and residual egg embryonic mortality were determined after 23 d of incubation. Six hatched chicks per treatment were swabbed for the detection of FMG at 4 different sites (trachea, mouth and esophagus, yolk sac membrane, and the lumen of the duodenal loop) via real-time PCR. Embryos were found to be administered 106 CFU per dose in the high treatment, 104 CFU/dose in the medium treatment, 102 CFU/dose in the low treatment, and between 5.06 and 5.93 CFU/dose in the very low treatment. Hatch of embryonated eggs was decreased by the medium and high doses (P = 0.02). These embryos died while pipping. No FMG was detected in the control and diluent-injected chicks. In the FMG treatments, FMG was found in all sites and dosages, with a greater number of positive chicks found in the higher FMG dosage treatments. These findings indicate the potential practicality of vaccinating layer embryos with FMG by in ovo injection based on the observed hatch success at lower dosages. Also, once injected into the amnion, the bacteria are present in the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts as well the yolk sac membrane and the small intestine of hatchlings. Future research will need to ascertain the effects of FMG administered by in ovo injection on posthatch immunity and mortality.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Female ; Injections/veterinary ; Mycoplasma Infections/prevention & control ; Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary ; Mycoplasma gallisepticum/immunology ; Poultry Diseases/prevention & control ; Random Allocation ; Vaccination/methods ; Vaccination/veterinary
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.3382/ps/pex196
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Article ; Online: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Evaluation of Nipple Discharge: 2022 Update.

Sanford, Matthew F / Slanetz, Priscilla J / Lewin, Alana A / Baskies, Arnold M / Bozzuto, Laura / Branton, Susan A / Hayward, Jessica H / Le-Petross, Huong T / Newell, Mary S / Scheel, John R / Sharpe, Richard E / Ulaner, Gary A / Weinstein, Susan P / Moy, Linda

Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR

2022 Volume 19, Issue 11S, Page(s) S304–S318

Abstract: The type of nipple discharge dictates the appropriate imaging study. Physiologic nipple discharge is common and does not require diagnostic imaging. Pathologic nipple discharge in women, men, and transgender patients necessitates breast imaging. Evidence- ...

Abstract	The type of nipple discharge dictates the appropriate imaging study. Physiologic nipple discharge is common and does not require diagnostic imaging. Pathologic nipple discharge in women, men, and transgender patients necessitates breast imaging. Evidence-based guidelines were used to evaluate breast imaging modalities for appropriateness based on patient age and gender. For an adult female or male 40 years of age or greater, mammography or digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is performed initially. Breast ultrasound is usually performed at the same time with rare exception. For males or females 30 to 39 years of age, mammography/DBT or breast ultrasound is performed based on institutional preference and individual patient considerations. For young women less than 30 years of age, ultrasound is performed first with mammography/DBT added if there are suspicious findings or if the patient is at elevated lifetime risk for developing breast cancer. There is a high incidence of breast cancer in males with pathologic discharge. Men 25 years and older should be evaluated using mammography/DBT and ultrasound added when indicted. In transfeminine (male-to-female) patients, mammography/DBT and ultrasound are useful due to the increased incidence of breast cancer. The ACR Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision process support the systematic analysis of the medical literature from peer-reviewed journals. Established methodology principles such as Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE are adapted to evaluate the evidence. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method User Manual provides the methodology to determine the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances in which peer-reviewed literature is lacking or equivocal, experts may be the primary evidentiary source available to formulate a recommendation.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Societies, Medical ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Nipple Discharge ; Mammography ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Practice Guideline ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2274861-1
ISSN	1558-349X ; 1546-1440
ISSN (online)	1558-349X
ISSN	1546-1440
DOI	10.1016/j.jacr.2022.09.020
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Article ; Online: Physical Therapy Management of an Individual With Post-COVID Syndrome: A Case Report.

Mayer, Kirby P / Steele, Angela K / Soper, Melissa K / Branton, Jill D / Lusby, Megan L / Kalema, Anna G / Dupont-Versteegden, Esther E / Montgomery-Yates, Ashley A

Physical therapy

2021 Volume 101, Issue 6

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this case report is to provide the clinical presentation and physical therapist management for a patient with post-COVID syndrome. Secondarily, the report highlights the importance of assessing cognitive and emotional health in ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this case report is to provide the clinical presentation and physical therapist management for a patient with post-COVID syndrome. Secondarily, the report highlights the importance of assessing cognitive and emotional health in patients with post-COVID syndrome. Methods (case description): A 37-year-old woman tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and developed mild COVID-19 disease but did not require supplemental oxygen or hospitalization. The patient experienced persistent symptoms, including dyspnea, headaches, and cognitive fog. On day 62, they participated in an outpatient physical therapist evaluation that revealed deficits in exercise capacity, obtaining 50% of their age-predicted 6-minute walk distance. They had minor reductions in muscle strength and cognitive function. Self-reported quality of life was 50, and they scored above established cut-off scores for provisional diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results: The patient participated in biweekly physical therapist sessions for 8 weeks, which included aerobic training, strengthening exercises, diaphragmatic breathing techniques, and mindfulness training. Metabolic equivalent for task levels increased with variability over the course of the program. The patient's muscle strength, physical function, and exercise capacity improved. 6-Minute walk distance increased by 199 m, equating to 80% of their age-predicted distance. Quality of life and PTSD scores did not improve. At evaluation after physical therapy, the patient was still experiencing migraines, dyspnea, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion: This case report described the clinical presentation and physical therapist management of a person with post-COVID syndrome, a novel health condition for which little evidence exists to guide rehabilitation examination and interventions. Physical therapists should consider cognitive function and emotional health in their plan of care for patients with post-COVID syndromes. Impact: This case alerts physical therapists to post-COVID syndrome-which can include debilitating symptoms of decreased aerobic tolerance, anxiety, PTSD, and cognitive dysfunction-and to the role that therapists can play in assessing these symptoms and managing these patients.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/therapy ; Cognitive Dysfunction/therapy ; Cognitive Dysfunction/virology ; Dyspnea/therapy ; Dyspnea/virology ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Quality of Life ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/therapy ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/virology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syndrome ; Walk Test
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	415886-6
ISSN	1538-6724 ; 0031-9023
ISSN (online)	1538-6724
ISSN	0031-9023
DOI	10.1093/ptj/pzab098
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Article ; Online: Occurrence of horizontal transmission in layer chickens after administration of an in ovo strain F Mycoplasma gallisepticum vaccine1,2,3.

Elliott, K E C / Branton, S L / Evans, J D / Peebles, E D

Poultry science

2019 Volume 98, Issue 10, Page(s) 4492–4497

Abstract: ... from each unit were not different between all MG dosages (P = 0.48, PCR; P = 0.77, SPA; P = 0.85, ELISA ... Body weights of the in ovo-vaccinated chicks at 6 wk of age (P = 0.43) and the sentinel birds at 12 wk of age ... P = 0.95) were each not affected by FMG treatment. These findings indicate that layer chickens ...

Abstract	In ovo vaccination is currently being considered as a means of delivery for live Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccines. This study was performed to determine the transmissibility of strain F MG (FMG) from in ovo-vaccinated chicks to non-vaccinated pen mates. Eggs from an MG clean flock were incubated together for 18 D, at which point all live embryonated eggs were either not injected or administered a dilution of an FMG vaccine at 106 CFU per dose, 1 × 104 CFU per dose, 1 × 102 CFU per dose, or 1 CFU per dose. Non-injected eggs were hatched in a separate incubator. Ten non-injected, sentinel birds, and 1 in ovo-vaccinated FMG chick were placed in each of 32 isolation units located in 2 replicate rooms (8 replicates per dose). At 6 wk of age, surviving birds that had been vaccinated in ovo were removed, swabbed for FMG detection by PCR, and bled for serum plate agglutination (SPA) and ELISA testing for the presence of antibodies against MG (1, 2, 6, and all 8 in ovo-vaccinated chicks in the 106, 104, 102, and 1 CFU dosages). At 12 wk of age, the remaining sentinel birds were likewise sampled. No sentinel birds died. The in ovo-vaccinated birds that survived to 6 wk were serologically positive except for 5 birds in the 1 CFU treatment. The percentages of MG-positive sentinel birds and sentinel birds with antibody production against MG at 12 wk from each unit were not different between all MG dosages (P = 0.48, PCR; P = 0.77, SPA; P = 0.85, ELISA). Body weights of the in ovo-vaccinated chicks at 6 wk of age (P = 0.43) and the sentinel birds at 12 wk of age (P = 0.95) were each not affected by FMG treatment. These findings indicate that layer chickens in ovo vaccinated with a live-attenuated FMG vaccine were capable of transmitting FMG to other chicks with which they were in direct contact.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Bacterial Vaccines/immunology ; Chickens ; Female ; Mycoplasma Infections/immunology ; Mycoplasma Infections/transmission ; Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary ; Mycoplasma gallisepticum/immunology ; Ovum ; Poultry Diseases/immunology ; Poultry Diseases/transmission ; Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage ; Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Vaccines ; Vaccines, Attenuated
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-06-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	242586-5
ISSN	1525-3171 ; 0032-5791
ISSN (online)	1525-3171
ISSN	0032-5791
DOI	10.3382/ps/pez306
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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