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Article ; Online: Cutting schedule and species composition to improve energy‐to‐protein ratios in alfalfa‐based mixtures

Bélanger, Gilles / Tremblay, Gaëtan F. / Thivierge, Marie‐Noëlle / Thériault, Mireille / Seguin, Philippe / Lajeunesse, Julie / Claessens, Annie

Agronomy Journal. 2024 , v. 116, no. 1 p.276-288

2024

Abstract: Energy‐to‐protein ratios have been suggested as a potential forage attribute related to nitrogen (N) use efficiency in dairy cows but how these ratios vary with the cutting management of alfalfa‐based mixtures is poorly known. Our objective was to ... ...

Abstract	Energy‐to‐protein ratios have been suggested as a potential forage attribute related to nitrogen (N) use efficiency in dairy cows but how these ratios vary with the cutting management of alfalfa‐based mixtures is poorly known. Our objective was to determine the effect of cutting schedules of alfalfa‐based mixtures and their species composition on two forage energy‐to‐protein ratios from a large number of samples from four field experiments with previously published results on forage dry matter yield and nutritive value. The two energy‐to‐protein ratios were (1) nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC) to crude protein (CP), NFC/CP, and (2) NFC to the sum of nonprotein N (NPN) and rapidly degradable protein fraction (PB1), NFC/(NPN + PB1). Cutting alfalfa‐based mixtures at the early bloom stage rather than at the early bud stage of alfalfa and taking a fall harvest increased mostly the NFC/CP ratio. Including at least one grass species with alfalfa had variable effects on the two ratios. Although several grass species were tested, we cannot conclude on the best grass species to use. Observed increases in the energy‐to‐protein ratios, however, were relatively small (<8%) and not always consistent in different experiments. Because the relative changes in the energy (NFC) and protein (CP or NPN + PB1) components of the ratios often varied in the same direction when induced by cutting schedules or the presence of grasses with alfalfa, opportunities to improve energy‐to‐protein ratios with those practices remain limited.
Keywords	agronomy ; alfalfa ; crude protein ; dry matter accumulation ; energy ; grasses ; nitrogen ; nutritive value ; species diversity
Language	English
Dates of publication	2024-01
Size	p. 276-288.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	410332-4
ISSN	1435-0645 ; 0002-1962
ISSN (online)	1435-0645
ISSN	0002-1962
DOI	10.1002/agj2.21496
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Whistling an unfamiliar tune.

Guillot, Mireille / Bélanger, Richard E / Frenette, Lyne

Paediatrics & child health

2018 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 65–66

Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2106767-3
ISSN	1918-1485 ; 1205-7088
ISSN (online)	1918-1485
ISSN	1205-7088
DOI	10.1093/pch/pxx108
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Article: Clinical Correlates Identify ProBDNF and Thrombo-Inflammatory Markers as Key Predictors of Circulating p75

Fleury, Samuel / Schnitzer, Mireille E / Ledoux-Hutchinson, Lawrence / Boukhatem, Imane / Bélanger, Jean-Christophe / Welman, Mélanie / Busseuil, David / Tardif, Jean-Claude / D'Antono, Bianca / Lordkipanidzé, Marie

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

2022 Volume 14, Page(s) 821865

Abstract: ... The ... ...

Abstract	The p75
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2558898-9
ISSN	1663-4365
ISSN	1663-4365
DOI	10.3389/fnagi.2022.821865
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Article ; Online: Legume addition to alfalfa‐based mixtures improves the forage energy to protein ratio

Tremblay, Gaëtan F. / Thériault, Mireille / Seguin, Philippe / Godin, Xavier / Claessens, Annie / Bittman, Shabtai / Hunt, Derek / Bélanger, Gilles / Hakl, Josef / Bertrand, Annick / Thivierge, Marie‐Noëlle

Agronomy Journal. 2023 , v. 115, no. 4 p.1842-1855

2023

Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., AL)‐based forage mixtures are a major constituent of ruminant rations, and optimizing their energy‐to‐protein ratio has been identified as a way to improve N use efficiency. This study aimed to determine whether the energy‐to‐ ...

Abstract	Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., AL)‐based forage mixtures are a major constituent of ruminant rations, and optimizing their energy‐to‐protein ratio has been identified as a way to improve N use efficiency. This study aimed to determine whether the energy‐to‐protein ratio could be improved by adding red clover (Trifolium pratense L., RC) or birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L., BT) at different seeding proportions, and/or one grass species [timothy, Phleum pratense L., or tall fescue, Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort] to AL. Annual forage yield, species proportion in botanical composition, and nutritive value of forage were measured at three sites in Canada for 2 post‐seeding years. The addition of RC or BT did not affect the annual forage yield but it increased the concentration of forage nonfiber carbohydrates (NFCs), particularly of soluble sugars, and decreased concentrations of crude protein (CP), nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and rapidly degradable protein (PB1) of AL‐based mixtures. The addition of one percentage unit of RC or BT to forage botanical composition improved the NFC/CP ratio by 0.005, and the NFC/(NPN + PB1) ratio by 0.024. The addition of either grass species to AL mixtures also increased the two ratios, but it was related to a CP decrease with no increase in NFC concentrations. Adding RC or BT to AL‐based mixtures is therefore a valuable strategy to increase the forage energy to protein ratio.
Keywords	Festuca arundinacea subsp. arundinacea ; Lotus corniculatus ; Medicago sativa ; Phleum pratense ; Trifolium pratense ; agronomy ; alfalfa ; botanical composition ; crude protein ; energy ; forage yield ; grasses ; nonprotein nitrogen ; nutrient use efficiency ; nutritive value ; ruminants ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-07
Size	p. 1842-1855.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	410332-4
ISSN	1435-0645 ; 0002-1962
ISSN (online)	1435-0645
ISSN	0002-1962
DOI	10.1002/agj2.21386
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Sociocultural determinants of alcohol and cannabis use and misuse among Nunavimmiut.

Courtemanche, Yohann / Poliakova, Natalia / Riva, Mylene / Fletcher, Christopher / Desrochers-Couture, Mireille / Moisan, Caroline / Pépin, Camille / Fraser, Sarah / Muckle, Gina / Bélanger, Richard E

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique

2023 Volume 115, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 114–125

Abstract: Objective: Stemming from historical traumas and changes in the Inuit way of life, substance use and its intertwined problems are a major cause of concern for Nunavimmiut. This study's objective is to investigate sociocultural determinants of substance ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Stemming from historical traumas and changes in the Inuit way of life, substance use and its intertwined problems are a major cause of concern for Nunavimmiut. This study's objective is to investigate sociocultural determinants of substance use and misuse to inform culturally appropriate public health programs. Methods: The 2017 Qanuilirpitaa? survey was conducted among a sample intended to be representative of Nunavimmiut aged 16 and over (total n = 1326). Sociocultural factors included cultural identity, land-based activities, involvement in community activities, social support, and family and community cohesion. The frequency of binge drinking (5 or more drinks on one occasion), cannabis use, and problematic substance use (CAGE and DAST-10) were documented. Data were analyzed using weighted multivariate logistic regressions. Inuit partners were involved from the planning of analyses to the co-interpretation of results. Results: Nearly a third of Nunavimmiut aged 16 and over reported binge drinking at least once a week (29.3%), and 68.6% of drinkers were at risk of potential drinking problems. Forty-five percent (45%) reported using cannabis at least once a week, and 30% of drug users were at risk of potential drug abuse problems. Volunteering and participation in community activities were associated with lower odds of cannabis use, as was frequently going on the land with weekly binge drinking, potential drinking problems, and weekly cannabis use. Social support and community cohesion were associated with higher odds of weekly binge drinking, as was cultural identity (centrality scale) with potential drinking problems. Conclusion: Key determinants of substance use relevant to Inuit culture were identified. Results are in line with our Inuit partners' experience in their communities and are coherent with current land-based interventions implemented in Nunavik. A thorough understanding of substance use contexts and related stressors should guide the content and implementation of substance use programs in Nunavik.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Binge Drinking ; Cannabis ; Ethanol ; Alcoholism ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology
Chemical Substances	Ethanol (3K9958V90M)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	417262-0
ISSN	1920-7476 ; 0008-4263
ISSN (online)	1920-7476
ISSN	0008-4263
DOI	10.17269/s41997-022-00733-6
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Article ; Online: Correction: Sociocultural factors in relation to mental health within the Inuit population of Nunavik.

Poliakova, Natalia / Riva, Mylene / Fletcher, Christopher / Desrochers-Couture, Mireille / Courtemanche, Yohann / Moisan, Caroline / Fraser, Sarah / Pépin, Camille / Bélanger, Richard E / Muckle, Gina

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique

2022 Volume 115, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 96

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	417262-0
ISSN	1920-7476 ; 0008-4263
ISSN (online)	1920-7476
ISSN	0008-4263
DOI	10.17269/s41997-022-00730-9
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Article ; Online: Sociocultural factors in relation to mental health within the Inuit population of Nunavik.

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique

2022 Volume 115, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 83–95

Abstract: Objective: Built on the Inuit determinants approach of health, this study aimed to identify sociocultural factors associated with mental health among Inuit of Nunavik to guide programs and services.: Methods: The data were collected through the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Built on the Inuit determinants approach of health, this study aimed to identify sociocultural factors associated with mental health among Inuit of Nunavik to guide programs and services. Methods: The data were collected through the Qanuilirpitaa? 2017, a survey characterized by the involvement of several Inuit representatives. Depressive symptoms (10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale, CES-D), lifetime suicide ideation and attempts, and past-year ideation were self-reported mental health indicators. Sociocultural factors represented four thematic domains: social support, community activities, traditional practices, and cultural identity. Analyses tested whether the sociocultural factors were associated with indicators of mental health using weighted multivariate regressions. Results: Among the sociocultural factors considered, family cohesion and weekly hunting/fishing activities were associated with lower depression scores. Community cohesion and lower cultural identity (centrality scale) were associated with a lower likelihood of past-year and lifetime ideation while family cohesion was related to a lower likelihood of lifetime attempts. People with psychological distress (higher CES-D, suicidal ideation or attempts) were more likely to participate in healing and wellness activities. Conclusion: Although limited by their cross-sectional character, these analyses, based on the community component of the Qanuilirpitaa?, suggest that strengthening of family and community cohesion, and support of regular hunting and fishing deserve further attention as potential cumulative preventive avenues for Inuit mental health.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Health Surveys ; Inuit/psychology ; Mental Health ; Risk Factors ; Suicidal Ideation ; Culture
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	417262-0
ISSN	1920-7476 ; 0008-4263
ISSN (online)	1920-7476
ISSN	0008-4263
DOI	10.17269/s41997-022-00705-w
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Article ; Online: The psychosocial dimension of housing in Nunavik: does social support vary with household crowding?

Simard, Charles-Olivier / Riva, Mylene / Dufresne, Philippe / Perreault, Karine / Muckle, Gina / Poliakova, Natalia / Desrochers-Couture, Mireille / Fletcher, Christopher / Moisan, Caroline / Fraser, Sarah / Bélanger, Richard / Courtemanche, Yohann / Bignami, Simona

Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique

2022 Volume 115, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) 56–65

Abstract: Objectives: Studies show that living in overcrowded households can contribute to the erosion of social support, which is an important factor in health and well-being. In this study, we examine the relationship between household crowding and social ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Studies show that living in overcrowded households can contribute to the erosion of social support, which is an important factor in health and well-being. In this study, we examine the relationship between household crowding and social support for Inuit living in Nunavik (hereafter referred to as Nunavimmiut), a region where housing shortages are considered a serious public health problem. We assess whether overcrowding is associated with lower levels of perceived social support and whether this association varies by gender and age group. Methods: Cross-sectional data are from Qanuilirpitaa? the 2017 Nunavik Health Survey (N = 1306; aged 16 years and older). A perceived social support index was derived from answers to questions related to three different components of social support: positive interaction, emotional support, and love and affection. Associations between overcrowding (more than one person per room) and perceived social support were assessed using weighted linear and logistic regressions, adjusted for several factors. Sex- and age-stratified analyses were also conducted. Results: Nunavimmiut report significantly lower levels of social support when living in overcrowded households, independently of other covariates. Analyses stratified by sex and age further show that the detrimental association between overcrowding and perceived social support is higher and stronger for men and older adults (both men and women 55 years and older). Conclusion: Overcrowding is associated with lower levels of perceived social support, which is a key component of health for the general population and for Nunavimmiut. Future research should examine the factors creating stronger associations between overcrowding and lower social support for men and older adults.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Housing ; Crowding ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Social Support
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	417262-0
ISSN	1920-7476 ; 0008-4263
ISSN (online)	1920-7476
ISSN	0008-4263
DOI	10.17269/s41997-022-00716-7
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Article: Methylglyoxal, the dark side of glycolysis.

Allaman, Igor / Bélanger, Mireille / Magistretti, Pierre J

Frontiers in neuroscience

2015 Volume 9, Page(s) 23

Abstract: Glucose is the main energy substrate for the brain. There is now extensive evidence indicating that the metabolic profile of neural cells with regard to glucose utilization and glycolysis rate is not homogenous, with a marked propensity for glycolytic ... ...

Abstract	Glucose is the main energy substrate for the brain. There is now extensive evidence indicating that the metabolic profile of neural cells with regard to glucose utilization and glycolysis rate is not homogenous, with a marked propensity for glycolytic glucose processing in astrocytes compared to neurons. Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, is inevitably formed as a by-product of glycolysis. Methylglyoxal is a major cell-permeant precursor of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which are associated with several pathologies including diabetes, aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In normal situations, cells are protected against methylglyoxal toxicity by different mechanisms and in particular the glyoxalase system, which represents the most important pathway for the detoxification of methylglyoxal. While the neurotoxic effects of methylglyoxal and AGEs are well characterized, our understanding the glyoxalase system in the brain is more scattered. Considering the high energy requirements (i.e., glucose) of the brain, one should expect that the cerebral glyoxalase system is adequately fitted to handle methylglyoxal toxicity. This review focuses on our actual knowledge on the cellular aspects of the glyoxalase system in brain cells, in particular with regard to its activity in astrocytes and neurons. A main emerging concept is that these two neural cell types have different and energetically adapted glyoxalase defense mechanisms which may serve as protective mechanism against methylglyoxal-induced cellular damage.
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2411902-7
ISSN	1662-453X ; 1662-4548
ISSN (online)	1662-453X
ISSN	1662-4548
DOI	10.3389/fnins.2015.00023
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Article: The role of astroglia in neuroprotection.

Bélanger, Mireille / Magistretti, Pierre J

Dialogues in clinical neuroscience

2009 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 281–295

Abstract: Astrocytes are the main neural cell type responsible for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. They form highly organized anatomical domains that are interconnected into extensive networks. These features, along with the expression of a wide array of ... ...

Abstract	Astrocytes are the main neural cell type responsible for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. They form highly organized anatomical domains that are interconnected into extensive networks. These features, along with the expression of a wide array of receptors, transporters, and ion channels, ideally position them to sense and dynamically modulate neuronal activity. Astrocytes cooperate with neurons on several levels, including neurotransmitter trafficking and recycling, ion homeostasis, energy metabolism, and defense against oxidative stress. The critical dependence of neurons upon their constant support confers astrocytes with intrinsic neuroprotective properties which are discussed here. Conversely, pathogenic stimuli may disturb astrocytic function, thus compromising neuronal functionality and viability. Using neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, and hepatic encephalopathy as examples, we discuss how astrocytic defense mechanisms may be overwhelmed in pathological conditions, contributing to disease progression.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Astrocytes/physiology ; Brain/cytology ; Brain Diseases/metabolism ; Brain Diseases/pathology ; Brain Diseases/prevention & control ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Neuroprotective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-10-30
Publishing country	France
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2188781-0
ISSN	1294-8322
ISSN	1294-8322
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