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Article ; Online: Targeting the tumor microenvironment by liposomal Epacadostat in combination with liposomal gp100 vaccine.

Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, Sahar / Yazdani, Mona / Nikpoor, Amin Reza / Hatamipour, Mahdi / Ajami, Abolghasem / Jaafari, Mahmoud Reza / Badiee, Ali / Rafiei, Alireza

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 5802

Abstract: Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) pathway has vital role in cancer immune escape and its upregulation leads to immunosuppressive environment which is associated with poor prognosis and progression in various cancers like melanoma. Previously, we showed ... ...

Abstract	Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) pathway has vital role in cancer immune escape and its upregulation leads to immunosuppressive environment which is associated with poor prognosis and progression in various cancers like melanoma. Previously, we showed the antitumoral efficacy of nanoliposomal form of Epacadostat (Lip-EPA), as an IDO1 inhibitor. Herein, we used Lip-EPA as a combination approach with liposomal gp100 (Lip-gp100) anti-cancer vaccine in melanoma model. Here, we showed that B16F10 tumor express IDO1 so using Lip-EPA will enhance the efficacy of vaccine therapy. The biodistribution of ICG-labelled liposomal form of EPA showed the remarkable accumulation of drug at tumor site. In an in vivo study, Lip-EPA enhanced the antitumor efficacy of Lip-gp100 in which the IDO mRNA expression was decreased (~ fourfold) in tumor samples. Also, we identified a significant increase in the number of infiltrated T lymphocytes (p < 0.0001) with enhanced in interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production (p < 0.0001). Additionally, Lip-EPA + Lip-gp100 significantly modulated intratumoral regulatory T cells which altogether resulted in the highest delay in tumor growth (TGD = 56.54%) and increased life span (ILS > 47.36%) in treated mice. Our study demonstrated that novel combination of Lip-EPA and Lip-gp100 was effective treatment with capability of being used in further clinical studies.
MeSH term(s)	Mice ; Animals ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Tissue Distribution ; Melanoma ; Cancer Vaccines ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
Chemical Substances	epacadostat (71596A9R13) ; Cancer Vaccines ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-31007-x
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Article: The role of dysregulated immune responses in COVID-19 pathogenesis

Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, S / Zafari, P / Masoumi, E / Rajabinejad, M / Jafari-Shakib, R / Hasani, B / Rafiei, A

Virus research. 2020 Dec., v. 290

2020

Abstract: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is a pandemic threat to global public health. It has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from mild to critical illness, the ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is a pandemic threat to global public health. It has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from mild to critical illness, the most serious of which is the complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection appears mild in infants and children, however, in adults, it can lead to serious consequences. In this review, we highlighted the differences between the immune responses of the lung in children and adults, immune dysregulation and their possible role in clinical manifestations in COVID-19. There is a reduction in population of immunocompetent cells during aging and subsequently induced ineffective inflammation in the faces of some infections. Dysregulation in the immune system can lead to an unappropriated local and systemic immune responses and subsequently the rapid spread of the virus, leading to severe COVID-19 disease. Therefore, recognizing the differences in the immune responses of various hosts as well as to improve the immune system disorder should always be part of research and treatment protocols.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; inflammation ; lungs ; pandemic ; pathogenesis ; public health ; research ; viruses
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-12
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	605780-9
ISSN	1872-7492 ; 0168-1702
ISSN (online)	1872-7492
ISSN	0168-1702
DOI	10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198197
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Article: Serum Levels of Soluble Fas and Fas Ligand in Iranian Women with Pre-eclampsia.

Masoumi, Elham / Mirzaei, Asad / Ghaffari-Nazari, Haniyeh / Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, Sahar / Jalali, Seyed Amir / Tavakkol-Afshari, Jalil

Reports of biochemistry & molecular biology

2021 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 394–398

Abstract: Background: The precise responsible mechanism of pre-eclampsia remains controversial however, recent data suggest a main role of the abnormal activation of the adaptive immune system and Apoptosis. In this study, we have measured serum levels of Fas/ ... ...

Abstract	Background: The precise responsible mechanism of pre-eclampsia remains controversial however, recent data suggest a main role of the abnormal activation of the adaptive immune system and Apoptosis. In this study, we have measured serum levels of Fas/Fasl as two important members of extrinsic apoptotic pathway in patient with pre-eclampsia. Methods: 207 participants including 99 pre-eclampsia patients and 108 age and sex-matched normal pregnant women were involved in the case-control study. Plasma sample from each participant was collected and stored at -20 °C until batch processing.Serum levels of Fas and Fas ligand were measured by ELISA for each participant including 99 pre-eclampsia patients and 108 normal pregnant women. Following a test of statistical normality, nonparametric data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney. Results: sFas levels in case group was significantly higher than controls; 584 (397-892) pg/ml in cases opposed to 341 (213-602) pg/ml in controls (p value< 0.01). sFasL in pre-eclampsia women was a little lower than controls; 255 (173-318) pg/ml and in case group compared to 265.5 (184-381.5) pg/ml in controls. Conclusion: We have found the increased levels of sFas in patients with pre-eclampsia in compare with the healthy pregnant women. It seems that abnormality in sFAS is related with pre-eclampsia.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-20
Publishing country	Iran
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2743890-9
ISSN	2322-3480
ISSN	2322-3480
DOI	10.52547/rbmb.9.4.394
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Article ; Online: The application of immune checkpoint blockade in breast cancer and the emerging role of nanoparticle.

Masoumi, Elham / Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, Sahar / Jafarzadeh, Leila / Sanaei, Mohammad-Javad / Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi, Atieh / Bashash, Davood

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society

2021 Volume 340, Page(s) 168–187

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the female population with a high mortality rate. Despite the satisfying depth of studies evaluating the contributory role of immune checkpoints in this malignancy, few articles have reviewed the pros and ... ...

Abstract	Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the female population with a high mortality rate. Despite the satisfying depth of studies evaluating the contributory role of immune checkpoints in this malignancy, few articles have reviewed the pros and cons of immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs). In the current review, we provide an overview of immune-related inhibitory molecules and also discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the aberrant expression of T and non-T cell-associated immune checkpoints in breast cancer. Then, we especially focus on recent studies that utilized ICBs as the treatment strategy in breast cancer and provide their efficiency reports. As there are always costs and benefits, we discuss the limitations and challenges toward ICB therapy such as adverse events and drug resistance. In the last section, we allocate an overview of the recent data concerning the application of nanoparticle systems for cancer immunotherapy and propose that nano-based ICB approaches may overcome the challenges related to ICB therapy in breast cancer. In conclusion, it seems it is time for nanoscience to more rapidly move forward into clinical trials and illuminates the breast cancer treatment area with its potent features for the target delivery of ICBs.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Immunotherapy ; Nanoparticles
Chemical Substances	Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	632533-6
ISSN	1873-4995 ; 0168-3659
ISSN (online)	1873-4995
ISSN	0168-3659
DOI	10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.018
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Article ; Online: Development of a novel formulation method to prepare liposomal Epacadostat.

Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, Sahar / Khoshkhabar, Rahimeh / Rafiei, Alireza / Ajami, Abolghasem / Nikpoor, Amin Reza / Jaafari, Mahmoud Reza / Badiee, Ali

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences

2021 Volume 165, Page(s) 105954

Abstract: Background: One of the important metabolic pathways in cancer progression is tryptophan catabolism by the indoleamin-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme, which suppresses the immune system and induces tolerance. Inhibition of IDO1 is an important therapeutic ... ...

Abstract	Background: One of the important metabolic pathways in cancer progression is tryptophan catabolism by the indoleamin-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme, which suppresses the immune system and induces tolerance. Inhibition of IDO1 is an important therapeutic goal for immunotherapy in many cancers such as metastatic melanoma. Epacadostat (EPA) is a very strong inhibitor of IDO1, and its clinical studies are being performed in a higher clinical phase than other inhibitors. In this study, we have developed a new liposomal EPA formulation to reduce the dose, side effects, and treatment costs. Methods: Liposomes containing EPA were formulated using a novel remote loading method. Their morphology, particle size, surface charge, total phospholipid content, and drug loading were evaluated. Validation method studies to assay of EPA were carried out according to ICHQ2B guidelines. For in-vivo study, B16F10 melanoma bearing C57BL/6 mice were treated with the free or liposomal forms of EPA, and then monitored for tumor size and survival rate. Results: A validated method for EPA determination in liposomal form using UV-visible spectrophotometry was developed which was a precise, accurate and robust method. The particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficacy of liposomes was 128.1 ± 1.1 nm, -16.5 ± 1 mV, and 64.9 ± 3.5, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of liposomal EPA was 64 ng/ml that was lower than free EPA (128 ng/ml). In-vivo results also showed that tumor growth was slower in mice receiving liposomal EPA than in the group receiving free EPA. Conclusion: A new method was developed to load EPA into liposomes. Moreover, the use of the nanoliposomal EPA showed more efficacy than EPA in inhibiting the tumor growth in melanoma model. Therefore, it might be used in further clinical studies as a good candidate for immunotherapy alone or in combination with other treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; Liposomes ; Melanoma ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Oximes ; Sulfonamides
Chemical Substances	Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase ; Liposomes ; Oximes ; Sulfonamides ; epacadostat (71596A9R13)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1154366-8
ISSN	1879-0720 ; 0928-0987
ISSN (online)	1879-0720
ISSN	0928-0987
DOI	10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105954
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Article: Improvement of chemotherapy through reducing of cachexia by using Citrus unshiu peel extract

Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, S / Ebrahimzadeh, M.A / Rafiei, A / Golpour, M / Hosseini-Khah, Z / Akhtari, J

Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2019 Oct. 05, v. 242

2019

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance:.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now one the fourth cause of mortality and morbidity due to cancer throughout the globe. Cachexia is more prevalent in patients with this cancer and has a negative effect on response to ... ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance:.Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now one the fourth cause of mortality and morbidity due to cancer throughout the globe. Cachexia is more prevalent in patients with this cancer and has a negative effect on response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF–α, IL–1β, and IL–6 could play a key role in cachexia. Moreover strong chemotherapy medications such as doxorubicin have complications such as toxicity and cachexia. Citrus unshiu Peel have been used as traditional herbal drugs for the treatment of cancer in traditional oriental medicine (TOM). Since its main components have anti–inflammatory effects, we evaluated the anti-cachexia activity in order to support the traditional usage of Citrus unshiu peel.Aim of the study; We aimed to assess the preventive or therapeutic effect of Citrus unshiu Peel Extract (CUPE) on cachexia by reducing of inflammatory cytokines in mice bearing C26 tumor. Also the contribution role of CUPE has evaluated on improvement of chemotherapy through reducing of inflammatory cytokines.Materials and Methods; The CUPE was prepared by Soxhlet extractor and quantitative and qualitative analysis of aqua extract was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). C26 tumor bearing BALB/c male mice were immunized with different formulation of oral Prophylactic–therapeutic CUPE and/or intraperitoneal doxorubicin and then were monitored for weight gain, food intake and tumor size throughout the study. On the 32nd day after tumor injection, inflammatory cytokines levels, IL6, TNF–α and IL–1β were evaluated by Enzyme–linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Malondialdehyde– Thiobarbituric acid (MDA) levels were measured by standard method.Results; Oral administration of CUPE in both prophylactic and therapeutic formulation to C26 adenocarcinoma bearing mice reduced the weight loss, tumor volume, and serum MDA levels compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice and Doxorubicin (Dox) groups. Also, the combination therapy of (CUPE + Dox) leads to reducing the levels of serum IL–6, TNF–α, IL–1β and tumor volume compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice and Dox groups. Serum MDA levels were considerably reduced by combination therapy of (CUPE + Dox) compared with Dox groups.Conclusions; These findings confirm the safety and efficacy of CUPE on C26 adenocarcinoma bearing mice as pure and adjuvant therapy, the results of which might be used in further human studies as a valuable natural anticancer agent alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Also the results showed that simultaneous application of CUPE and Dox leads to significant reduction of cachexia from the Dox chemotherapy.
Keywords	Citrus unshiu ; Oriental traditional medicine ; adenocarcinoma ; adjuvants ; anti-inflammatory activity ; blood serum ; cachexia ; doxorubicin ; drug therapy ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; food intake ; herbal medicines ; high performance liquid chromatography ; humans ; interleukin-1beta ; interleukin-6 ; males ; malondialdehyde ; mice ; morbidity ; mortality ; oral administration ; patients ; qualitative analysis ; radiotherapy ; thiobarbituric acid ; toxicity ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha ; weight gain ; weight loss
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-1005
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2019.111929
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Article ; Online: The role of dysregulated immune responses in COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, S / Zafari, P / Masoumi, E / Rajabinejad, M / Jafari-Shakib, R / Hasani, B / Rafiei, A

Virus research

2020 Volume 290, Page(s) 198197

Abstract	The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is a pandemic threat to global public health. It has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from mild to critical illness, the most serious of which is the complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 infection appears mild in infants and children, however, in adults, it can lead to serious consequences. In this review, we highlighted the differences between the immune responses of the lung in children and adults, immune dysregulation and their possible role in clinical manifestations in COVID-19. There is a reduction in population of immunocompetent cells during aging and subsequently induced ineffective inflammation in the faces of some infections. Dysregulation in the immune system can lead to an unappropriated local and systemic immune responses and subsequently the rapid spread of the virus, leading to severe COVID-19 disease. Therefore, recognizing the differences in the immune responses of various hosts as well as to improve the immune system disorder should always be part of research and treatment protocols.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Aging/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Immunity ; Inflammation ; Lung/immunology ; Lung/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Sex Factors
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-16
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	605780-9
ISSN	1872-7492 ; 0168-1702
ISSN (online)	1872-7492
ISSN	0168-1702
DOI	10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198197
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Article ; Online: Improvement of chemotherapy through reducing of cachexia by using Citrus unshiu peel extract.

Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, S / Ebrahimzadeh, M A / Rafiei, A / Golpour, M / Hosseini-Khah, Z / Akhtari, J

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2019 Volume 242, Page(s) 111929

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: .Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now one the fourth cause of mortality and morbidity due to cancer throughout the globe. Cachexia is more prevalent in patients with this cancer and has a negative effect on response to ... ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: .Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now one the fourth cause of mortality and morbidity due to cancer throughout the globe. Cachexia is more prevalent in patients with this cancer and has a negative effect on response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 could play a key role in cachexia. Moreover strong chemotherapy medications such as doxorubicin have complications such as toxicity and cachexia. Citrus unshiu Peel have been used as traditional herbal drugs for the treatment of cancer in traditional oriental medicine (TOM). Since its main components have anti-inflammatory effects, we evaluated the anti-cachexia activity in order to support the traditional usage of Citrus unshiu peel. Aim of the study; We aimed to assess the preventive or therapeutic effect of Citrus unshiu Peel Extract (CUPE) on cachexia by reducing of inflammatory cytokines in mice bearing C26 tumor. Also the contribution role of CUPE has evaluated on improvement of chemotherapy through reducing of inflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods; The CUPE was prepared by Soxhlet extractor and quantitative and qualitative analysis of aqua extract was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). C26 tumor bearing BALB/c male mice were immunized with different formulation of oral Prophylactic-therapeutic CUPE and/or intraperitoneal doxorubicin and then were monitored for weight gain, food intake and tumor size throughout the study. On the 32nd day after tumor injection, inflammatory cytokines levels, IL6, TNF-α and IL-1β were evaluated by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Malondialdehyde- Thiobarbituric acid (MDA) levels were measured by standard method. Results; Oral administration of CUPE in both prophylactic and therapeutic formulation to C26 adenocarcinoma bearing mice reduced the weight loss, tumor volume, and serum MDA levels compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice and Doxorubicin (Dox) groups. Also, the combination therapy of (CUPE + Dox) leads to reducing the levels of serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and tumor volume compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice and Dox groups. Serum MDA levels were considerably reduced by combination therapy of (CUPE + Dox) compared with Dox groups. Conclusions; These findings confirm the safety and efficacy of CUPE on C26 adenocarcinoma bearing mice as pure and adjuvant therapy, the results of which might be used in further human studies as a valuable natural anticancer agent alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Also the results showed that simultaneous application of CUPE and Dox leads to significant reduction of cachexia from the Dox chemotherapy.
MeSH term(s)	Adenocarcinoma/blood ; Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology ; Animals ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/adverse effects ; Cachexia/chemically induced ; Cachexia/drug therapy ; Cell Line ; Citrus ; Colonic Neoplasms/blood ; Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Cytokines/blood ; Doxorubicin/adverse effects ; Male ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use ; Tumor Burden/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; Cytokines ; Plant Extracts ; Doxorubicin (80168379AG)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-01
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2019.111929
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Article: Protective effect of TSLP and IL-33 cytokines in ulcerative colitis.

Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, Sahar / Ajami, Abolghasem / Ghorbanalipoor, Saeedeh / Hosseini-Khah, Zahra / Taghiloo, Saeid / Khaje-Enayati, Peyman / Hosseini, Vahid

Auto- immunity highlights

2019 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 1

Abstract: Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) primarily includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine produced by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) with immunomodulatory properties that plays ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) primarily includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine produced by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) with immunomodulatory properties that plays an important role in the development of regulatory T cell (Treg) responses and tolerance in the gut. On the other hand, IL-33 has been considered as a cytokine with two different properties, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions, the latter may play a protective role against chronic intestinal inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the relative gene expression levels of TSLP and IL-33 molecules in ulcerative colitis. Methods: Patients with clinical symptoms of colitis undergoing a routine diagnostic colonoscopy were included in this study. Biopsy specimens were collected and divided into two parts. One part was fixed and processed for routine histopathological examinations and the other part was stored for RNA extraction. TSLP and IL-33 gene expression were determined using the SYBR Green qRT-PCR. Results: The expression level of TSLP and IL-33 were significantly lower in UC patients compared with the control group. Moreover, the expressions of these cytokines were more down-regulated in severe UC patients compared with mild and moderate ones and the control group. We also showed a positive correlation between low expression of TSLP and IL-33 and the severity of UC disease. Conclusions: In this study, we showed decreased mRNA expression levels of TSLP and IL-33 in UC patients and also a negative correlation between expression of TSLP and IL-33 and severity of UC disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563376-4
ISSN	2038-3274 ; 2038-0305
ISSN (online)	2038-3274
ISSN	2038-0305
DOI	10.1186/s13317-019-0110-z
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Article ; Online: The role of dysregulated immune responses in COVID-19 pathogenesis

Tahaghoghi-Hajghorbani, S / Zafari, P / Masoumi, E / Rajabinejad, M / Jafari-Shakib, R / Hasani, B / Rafiei, A

Virus Research

2020 Volume 290, Page(s) 198197

Keywords	Cancer Research ; Virology ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	605780-9
ISSN	1872-7492 ; 0168-1702
ISSN (online)	1872-7492
ISSN	0168-1702
DOI	10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198197
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