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  1. Article ; Online: Personal dosimetry at the Paul Scherrer Institute.

    Mayer, Sabine / Bossin, Lily / Christensen, Jeppe B / Pedrazzi, Lisa / Yukihara, Eduardo G

    Radiation protection dosimetry

    2023  Volume 199, Issue 15-16, Page(s) 1790–1792

    Abstract: The Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is the largest research institute for natural and engineering ...

    Abstract The Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) is the largest research institute for natural and engineering sciences in Switzerland. PSI develops, builds and operates complex large research facilities. Every year, >2400 scientists from Switzerland and around the world come to PSI to use the facilities and to carry out experiments. Many areas at PSI are radiation protection areas. Depending on the radiation protection area, the work carried out and the time the users spend in these areas, they have to carry a personal dosemeter. PSI runs an individual monitoring service in compliance with the Swiss legislation on radiological protection and approved by the Swiss Federal Nuclear Safety Inspectorate. The service provides about 35 000 dosemeters per year for the internal and external customers consisting of whole-body dosemeters for photons and neutrons as well as extremity dosemeters. This paper gives an overview on the employed personal dosimetry techniques by the individual monitoring service of PSI, the number of distributed dosemeters for internal and external customers and statistics about the measured doses at PSI over 30 years.
    MeSH term(s) Radiation Monitoring/methods ; Radiation Dosage ; Occupational Exposure/analysis ; Radiometry ; Radiation Dosimeters ; Neutrons ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 225912-6
    ISSN 1742-3406 ; 0144-8420
    ISSN (online) 1742-3406
    ISSN 0144-8420
    DOI 10.1093/rpd/ncac220
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: REESTABLISHING "THE SOCIAL" IN RESEARCH ON DEMOCRATIC PROCESSES: MID-CENTURY VOTER STUDIES AND PAUL F. LAZARSFELD'S ALTERNATIVE VISION.

    Christensen, Michael

    Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences

    2015  Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 308–332

    Abstract: ... of the electorate, the Columbia studies, and especially Paul F. Lazarsfeld, presented an alternative vision ...

    Abstract Voter studies conducted in the United States during the first decades after World War II transformed social scientific research on democracy. Especially important were the rapid innovations in survey research methods developed by two prominent research centers at Columbia University and the University of Michigan. This article argues that the Columbia and Michigan voter studies presented two visions for research on democracy. Where the Michigan research produced quantitative measures expressing the 'political behavior' of the electorate, the Columbia studies, and especially Paul F. Lazarsfeld, presented an alternative vision for qualitative research on political choice. Largely ignored by later voter studies, this vision prefigured much contemporary research on democracy that embraces a qualitative or interpretive approach. This article reconstructs Lazarsfeld's alternative vision, describes the institutional context in which scholars disregarded it in favor of formal quantitative models, and argues for its recognition as a forerunner to qualitative research on democratic processes.
    MeSH term(s) Democracy ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Politics ; Psychology, Social/history ; Psychology, Social/methods ; Qualitative Research ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Biography ; Historical Article ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 6868-8
    ISSN 1520-6696 ; 0022-5061
    ISSN (online) 1520-6696
    ISSN 0022-5061
    DOI 10.1002/jhbs.21731
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  3. Book ; Online: Geister in Kambodscha : Existenz, Macht und rituelle Praxis

    Christensen, Paul

    2020  

    Keywords Society & social sciences ; Cambodia ; spirits ; spirit mediums
    Size 1 Online-Ressource
    Publisher Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note German ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021031284
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  4. Book ; Thesis: Paul Valéry

    Christensen, Alf

    en tenker og en dikter

    1952  

    Author's details Alf Christensen
    Language Norwegian
    Size 382, XXXI S, Ill
    Publisher Cappelen
    Publishing place Oslo
    Document type Book ; Thesis
    Thesis / German Habilitation thesis Phil. F., Diss.--Oslo, 1952
    Database Former special subject collection: coastal and deep sea fishing

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  5. Article ; Online: Host plant-mediation of viral transmission and its consequences for a native butterfly.

    Christensen, Tara / Dyer, Lee A / Forister, Matthew L / Bowers, M Deane / Carper, Adrian / Teglas, Mike B / Hurtado, Paul / Smilanich, Angela M

    Ecology

    2024  Volume 105, Issue 4, Page(s) e4282

    Abstract: Pathogens play a key role in insect population dynamics, contributing to short-term fluctuations in abundance as well as long-term demographic trends. Two key factors that influence the effects of entomopathogens on herbivorous insect populations are ... ...

    Abstract Pathogens play a key role in insect population dynamics, contributing to short-term fluctuations in abundance as well as long-term demographic trends. Two key factors that influence the effects of entomopathogens on herbivorous insect populations are modes of pathogen transmission and larval host plants. In this study, we examined tritrophic interactions between a sequestering specialist lepidopteran, Euphydryas phaeton, and a viral pathogen, Junonia coenia densovirus, on its native host plant, Chelone glabra, and a novel host plant, Plantago lanceolata, to explore whether host plant mediates viral transmission, survival, and viral loads. A two-factor factorial experiment was conducted in the laboratory with natal larval clusters randomly assigned to either the native or novel host plant and crossed with either uninoculated controls or viral inoculation (20% of individuals in the cluster inoculated). Diapausing clusters were overwintered in the laboratory and checked weekly for mortality. At the end of diapause, all surviving individuals were reared to adulthood to estimate survivorship. All individuals were screened to quantify viral loads, and estimate horizontal transmission postmortem. To test for vertical transmission, adults were mated, and the progeny were screened for viral presence. Within virus-treated groups, we found evidence for both horizontal and vertical transmission. Larval clusters reared on the native host plant had slightly higher horizontal transmission. Survival probability was lower in clusters feeding on the native host plant, with inoculated groups reared on the native host plant experiencing complete mortality. Viral loads did not differ by the host plant, although viral loads decreased with increased sequestration of secondary compounds on both host plants. Our results indicate that the use of a novel host plant may confer fitness benefits in terms of survival and reduced viral transmission when larvae feeding on it are infected with this pathogen, supporting hypotheses of potential evolutionary advantages of a host range expansion in the context of tritrophic interactions.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Butterflies ; Herbivory ; Larva ; Plantago ; Plants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2010140-5
    ISSN 1939-9170 ; 0012-9658
    ISSN (online) 1939-9170
    ISSN 0012-9658
    DOI 10.1002/ecy.4282
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  6. Article: The original St Paul's experience: renal transplantation without acute tubular necrosis.

    Landsberg, D / Rae, A / Chiu, A / Werb, R / Taylor, P / Chan-Yan, C / Moore, A / Goldenberg, S L / Christensen, R / Manson, A D

    Transplantation proceedings

    1988  Volume 20, Issue 6, Page(s) 1233–1234

    MeSH term(s) Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control ; Adult ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/etiology ; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/prevention & control ; Middle Aged ; Water-Electrolyte Balance
    Language English
    Publishing date 1988-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 82046-5
    ISSN 1873-2623 ; 0041-1345
    ISSN (online) 1873-2623
    ISSN 0041-1345
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    Zs.A 835: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Humans versus AI: whether and why we prefer human-created compared to AI-created artwork.

    Bellaiche, Lucas / Shahi, Rohin / Turpin, Martin Harry / Ragnhildstveit, Anya / Sprockett, Shawn / Barr, Nathaniel / Christensen, Alexander / Seli, Paul

    Cognitive research: principles and implications

    2023  Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 42

    Abstract: With the recent proliferation of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models capable of mimicking human artworks, AI creations might soon replace products of human creativity, although skeptics argue that this outcome is unlikely. One possible reason ... ...

    Abstract With the recent proliferation of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models capable of mimicking human artworks, AI creations might soon replace products of human creativity, although skeptics argue that this outcome is unlikely. One possible reason this may be unlikely is that, independent of the physical properties of art, we place great value on the imbuement of the human experience in art. An interesting question, then, is whether and why people might prefer human-compared to AI-created artworks. To explore these questions, we manipulated the purported creator of pieces of art by randomly assigning a "Human-created" or "AI-created" label to paintings actually created by AI, and then assessed participants' judgements of the artworks across four rating criteria (Liking, Beauty, Profundity, and Worth). Study 1 found increased positive judgements for human- compared to AI-labelled art across all criteria. Study 2 aimed to replicate and extend Study 1 with additional ratings (Emotion, Story, Meaningful, Effort, and Time to create) intended to elucidate why people more-positively appraise Human-labelled artworks. The main findings from Study 1 were replicated, with narrativity (Story) and perceived effort behind artworks (Effort) moderating the label effects ("Human-created" vs. "AI-created"), but only for the sensory-level judgements (Liking, Beauty). Positive personal attitudes toward AI moderated label effects for more-communicative judgements (Profundity, Worth). These studies demonstrate that people tend to be negatively biased against AI-created artworks relative to purportedly human-created artwork, and suggest that knowledge of human engagement in the artistic process contributes positively to appraisals of art.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Judgment ; Paintings ; Beauty ; Emotions
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2365-7464
    ISSN (online) 2365-7464
    DOI 10.1186/s41235-023-00499-6
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  8. Article ; Online: Biological effects of air pollution on the function of human skin equivalents.

    Reynolds, Wil J / Eje, Ndubuisi / Christensen, Paul / Li, Wen-Hwa / Daly, Susan M / Parsa, Ramine / Chavan, Bhaven / Birch-Machin, Mark A

    FASEB bioAdvances

    2023  Volume 5, Issue 11, Page(s) 470–483

    Abstract: The World Health Organization reports that 99% of the global population are exposed to pollution levels higher than the recommended air quality guidelines. Pollution-induced changes in the skin have begun to surface; however, the effects require further ... ...

    Abstract The World Health Organization reports that 99% of the global population are exposed to pollution levels higher than the recommended air quality guidelines. Pollution-induced changes in the skin have begun to surface; however, the effects require further investigation so that effective protective strategies can be developed. This study aimed to investigate some of the aging-associated effects caused by ozone and particulate matter (PM) on human skin equivalents. Full-thickness skin equivalents were exposed to 0.01 μg/μL PM, 0.05 μg/μL PM, 0.3 ppm ozone, or a combination of 0.01 μg/μL PM and 0.3 ppm ozone, before skin equivalents and culture medium were harvested for histological/immunohistochemical staining, gene and protein expression analysis using qPCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. Markers include MMP-1, MMP-3,
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2573-9832
    ISSN (online) 2573-9832
    DOI 10.1096/fba.2023-00068
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Systematic Review of Interventions to Reduce Suicide Risk in Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth.

    Christensen, Julie A / Oh, Jacqueline / Linder, Katharine / Imhof, Reese L / Croarkin, Paul E / Bostwick, J Michael / McKean, Alastair J S

    Child psychiatry and human development

    2023  

    Abstract: Transgender youth experience high rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. This systematic review sought to examine interventions for suicide prevention in transgender children and adolescents. Literature related to suicide in the transgender ... ...

    Abstract Transgender youth experience high rates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. This systematic review sought to examine interventions for suicide prevention in transgender children and adolescents. Literature related to suicide in the transgender population was systematically collected in accordance with PRISMA criteria. Searches identified studies with at least one suicide prevention method for participants ages 24 years or younger with gender identity and sex clearly defined. Primary outcomes include suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. A total of 1558 citations were identified with 17 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Interventions with potential effectiveness included a gender-affirming crisis hotline, medical care via interdisciplinary gender clinics, online media-based outreach, safety and connectedness in schools, and family system-based interventions. In the included studies, the overall quality of evidence was low and the risk of bias high. Further high-quality studies are needed.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 223895-0
    ISSN 1573-3327 ; 0009-398X
    ISSN (online) 1573-3327
    ISSN 0009-398X
    DOI 10.1007/s10578-023-01541-w
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    Zs.A 772: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Anesthesiologist-related factors associated with risk-adjusted pediatric anesthesia-related cardiopulmonary arrest: a retrospective two level analysis.

    Christensen, Robert / Haydar, Bishr / Leis, Aleda / Mentz, Graciela / Reynolds, Paul

    Paediatric anaesthesia

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 12, Page(s) 1282–1289

    Abstract: Background: Pediatric anesthesia-related cardiac arrest is an uncommon but catastrophic adverse event which has been, in a previous study, associated with anesthesiologist-related factors such as number of days per year providing pediatric anesthesia. ... ...

    Abstract Background: Pediatric anesthesia-related cardiac arrest is an uncommon but catastrophic adverse event which has been, in a previous study, associated with anesthesiologist-related factors such as number of days per year providing pediatric anesthesia. We aimed to replicate this and assess other anesthesiologist-related risk factors for anesthesia-related cardiac arrest after adjusting for known underlying risk factors present in the case mix.
    Methods: We analyzed a large retrospectively collected patient cohort of anesthetics administered from 2006 to 2016 to children at a tertiary pediatric hospital. Three reviewers independently reviewed cardiac arrests and categorized whether they appeared to be related to anesthesia care. Anesthesiologist-related factors including academic rank, experience, recent case mix, and days per year delivering pediatric anesthesia were assessed for association with anesthesia-related cardiac arrest after adjustment for underlying case mix.
    Results: Cardiac arrest occurred in 240 of 109 775 anesthetics (incidence 22/10 000 anesthetics); 82 (7/10 000 anesthetics) were classified as anesthesia-related. In univariable analyses, anesthesia-related cardiac arrest was associated with age, (infants ≤180 days, p < .001) American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, (>2, p < .001) American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Emergency, (p = .0035) cardiac surgery, (p < .001) operating room location, (p = .0066) and resident/fellow supervision, (p = .009) but none of the anesthesiologist factors. Even after adjusting for age and American Society of Anesthesiologist Status, none of the anesthesiologist factors were associated with anesthesia-related cardiac arrest.
    Conclusions: Case mix explained all associations between higher risk of pediatric anesthesia-related cardiac arrest and anesthesiologist-related variables at our institution.
    MeSH term(s) Anesthesia/adverse effects ; Anesthesiologists ; Anesthetics/adverse effects ; Child ; Heart Arrest/chemically induced ; Heart Arrest/epidemiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies
    Chemical Substances Anesthetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-12
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1086049-6
    ISSN 1460-9592 ; 1155-5645
    ISSN (online) 1460-9592
    ISSN 1155-5645
    DOI 10.1111/pan.14263
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