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Article ; Online: Comparison of pre-and postoperative medication costs in patients who underwent bariatric surgery - a nationwide data analysis.

Osińska, Magdalena / Sanchak, Yaroslav / Śliwczyński, Andrzej / Franek, Edward / Walicka, Magdalena

2024 Volume 12, Page(s) 1344040

Abstract: Introduction: Bariatric surgery has known health benefits and may lower the medication-related costs. This study aimed to assess the cost of medications prior to and after bariatric surgery in the Polish nationwide registry.: Methods: The study ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Bariatric surgery has known health benefits and may lower the medication-related costs. This study aimed to assess the cost of medications prior to and after bariatric surgery in the Polish nationwide registry. Methods: The study included 2,390 adults. The analysis was conducted separately for a 12-month pre-operative period, and a 12-month postoperative period. The total costs of medication and cost per anatomical therapeutic chemical group were assessed and the mean cost per patient in the preoperative and postoperative periods was compared. Results: The study showed a significant increase in the overall medication costs and mean costs of medications per patient in the year after bariatric surgery. This increase was related mainly to low-molecular-weight heparins used in the 1st month after surgery. Alternatively, costs of medication used in the cardiovascular system diseases and anti-infectives decreased significantly. The total costs of hypoglycemic agents were reduced by 46%, antihypertensive medications by 29%, and lipid-lowering drugs by 38. Conclusions: In general, medication costs are higher in the first year after surgery. The increase results from the perioperative use of low-molecular-weight heparins, whereas a significant cost reduction of glucose-, lipid-lowering, antihypertensive, and anti-infective medications was observed.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Bariatric Surgery ; Data Analysis ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Postoperative Period ; Lipids
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2711781-9
ISSN	2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
ISSN (online)	2296-2565
ISSN	2296-2565
DOI	10.3389/fpubh.2024.1344040
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Article ; Online: Safety of Aesthetic Medicine Procedures in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Kamil Adamczyk / Ewa Rusyan / Edward Franek

Medicina, Vol 58, Iss 30, p

A Literature Review

2022 Volume 30

Abstract: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases, affecting 2–5% of the world’s population. Due to the autoimmune background of thyroid diseases, we analyzed a wide range of cosmetic procedures, from minimally invasive ... ...

Abstract	Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases, affecting 2–5% of the world’s population. Due to the autoimmune background of thyroid diseases, we analyzed a wide range of cosmetic procedures, from minimally invasive cosmetic injections (mesotherapy) to highly invasive procedures, such as lifting threads. Out of the seven categories of treatments in aesthetic medicine analyzed by us—hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin, autologous platelet-rich plasma, autologous fat grafting, lifting threads, IPL and laser treatment and mesotherapy—only two, mesotherapy and lifting threads, are not recommended. This is due to the lack of safety studies and the potential possibility of a higher frequency of side effects in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Keywords	aesthetic medicine ; autoimmune thyroid diseases ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Cost of Surgical Treatment of Obesity and Its Impact on Healthcare Expense-Nationwide Data from a Polish Registry.

Osińska, Magdalena / Towpik, Iwona / Sanchak, Yaroslav / Franek, Edward / Śliwczyński, Andrzej / Walicka, Magdalena

International journal of environmental research and public health

2023 Volume 20, Issue 2

Abstract: Weight loss surgery is linked to health benefits and may reduce the cost to the public healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to assess the cost and cost-structure in the one-year periods before and after a bariatric surgery in the Polish ... ...

Abstract	Weight loss surgery is linked to health benefits and may reduce the cost to the public healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to assess the cost and cost-structure in the one-year periods before and after a bariatric surgery in the Polish nationwide registry. The study included 2390 obese adults which underwent surgical treatment for obesity in 2017. The cost structure and the total costs per patient for one year before bariatric surgery, preoperatively, and for one year after surgery were analyzed. The total cost of the postoperative period was about PLN 3 million lower than during the preoperative period. After bariatric surgery, a reduction of approximately 59% in costs associated with hospital treatment was observed. The costs of outpatient specialist services, hospital treatment, psychiatric care, and addiction treatment also significantly decreased. There was a negative correlation between the changes in the cost of treatment of patients undergoing obesity surgery and their age. The health care cost during the period of one year after bariatric surgery is lower than in the year preceding the surgery (a greater cost difference is observed in younger people). This is mainly influenced by the reduction in costs associated with hospital treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery ; Poland ; Obesity/surgery ; Bariatric Surgery ; Health Care Costs
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph20021118
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Article ; Online: Safety of Aesthetic Medicine Procedures in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Literature Review.

Adamczyk, Kamil / Rusyan, Ewa / Franek, Edward

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

2021 Volume 58, Issue 1

Abstract: Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases, affecting 2-5% of the world's population. Due to the autoimmune background of thyroid diseases, we analyzed a wide range of cosmetic procedures, from minimally invasive ... ...

Abstract	Autoimmune thyroid diseases are the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases, affecting 2-5% of the world's population. Due to the autoimmune background of thyroid diseases, we analyzed a wide range of cosmetic procedures, from minimally invasive cosmetic injections (mesotherapy) to highly invasive procedures, such as lifting threads. Out of the seven categories of treatments in aesthetic medicine analyzed by us-hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin, autologous platelet-rich plasma, autologous fat grafting, lifting threads, IPL and laser treatment and mesotherapy-only two, mesotherapy and lifting threads, are not recommended. This is due to the lack of safety studies and the potential possibility of a higher frequency of side effects in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Cosmetic Techniques ; Esthetics ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Transplantation, Autologous
Chemical Substances	Hyaluronic Acid (9004-61-9)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2188113-3
ISSN	1648-9144 ; 1010-660X
ISSN (online)	1648-9144
ISSN	1010-660X
DOI	10.3390/medicina58010030
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Article: Denosumab--a new option in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Franek, Edward

Endokrynologia Polska

2011 Volume 62, Issue 1, Page(s) 79–83

Abstract: Denosumab is the international name of a human, monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. This antibody is associated with RANK ligand (RANKL), inactivating it. In consequence, the formation and survival of osteoclasts are ... ...

Abstract	Denosumab is the international name of a human, monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. This antibody is associated with RANK ligand (RANKL), inactivating it. In consequence, the formation and survival of osteoclasts are suppressed, leading to their apoptosis. All this results in lower bone resorption, while bone mineral density (BMD) increases. Denosumab also reduces the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. This agent is similarly effective in various stages of renal function impairment; it does not impair fracture healing processes nor contribute to atherosclerosis progression in patients with high cardiovascular risks. Following an analysis of adverse effects, performed in the FREEDOM study (in which it was demonstrated that the incidence of the majority of adverse effects observed in the course of denosumab use was similar to that in the placebo group), its safety for patients can definitely be confirmed.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use ; Denosumab ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy ; RANK Ligand/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Bone Density Conservation Agents ; RANK Ligand ; Denosumab (4EQZ6YO2HI)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	419270-9
ISSN	0423-104X
ISSN	0423-104X
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Article ; Online: Denosumab - nowa opcja w leczeniu osteoporozy.

Franek, Edward

Endokrynologia Polska

2011 Volume 62 Suppl 2, Page(s) 37–41

Title translation	Denosumab - a new option in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Abstract	Denosumab is the international name of a human, monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of osteoporosis. This antibody is associated with RANK ligand (RANKL), inactivating it. In consequence, the formation and survival of osteoclasts are suppressed, leading to their apoptosis. All this results in lower bone resorption, while bone mineral density (BMD) increases. Denosumab also reduces the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. This agent is similarly effective in various stages of renal function impairment; it does not impair fracture healing processes nor contribute to atherosclerosis progression in patients with high cardiovascular risks. Following an analysis of adverse effects, performed in the FREEDOM study (in which it was demonstrated that the incidence of the majority of adverse effects observed in the course of denosumab use was similar to that in the placebo group), its safety for patients can definitely be confirmed.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Bone Remodeling/drug effects ; Denosumab ; Humans ; Osteoclasts/drug effects ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Osteoporotic Fractures/prevention & control ; RANK Ligand/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; RANK Ligand ; Denosumab (4EQZ6YO2HI)
Language	Polish
Publishing date	2011
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	419270-9
ISSN	2299-8306 ; 0423-104X
ISSN (online)	2299-8306
ISSN	0423-104X
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Article: Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in Patients with Reactive Hypoglycemia.

Landowska, Małgorzata / Żebrowska, Agata / Fajer, Konrad / Adamek, Patrycja / Kruk, Aleksandra / Kałuża, Bernadetta / Franek, Edward

Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy

2022 Volume 15, Page(s) 3133–3142

Abstract: Purpose: Glucose metabolism disorders are an established risk factor for atherosclerosis. Although reactive hypoglycemia (RH) can be classified as one of these disorders, its role as a potential atherosclerosis risk factor remains unclear. The aim of ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Glucose metabolism disorders are an established risk factor for atherosclerosis. Although reactive hypoglycemia (RH) can be classified as one of these disorders, its role as a potential atherosclerosis risk factor remains unclear. The aim of the study was to assess whether patients with RH have a higher risk of atherosclerosis. Patients and methods: We recruited 178 patients (N=178) with suspected RH who were hospitalized after 2014 and underwent a prolonged 5-hour oral glucose tolerance test. The study cohort was divided into 2 groups depending on the results of the oral glucose tolerance test: Group 1 - subjects without RH (n=44), Group 2 -subjects with RH (n=134). Results: The analyzed groups differed significantly in terms of the following risk factors for atherosclerosis: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (54.3±18.8 mg/dL vs 63±18.5 mg/dL, p=0.003) and atherogenic indices (Castelli I: 3.7±1.2 vs 3.1±1.3, p=0.004; Castelli II: 2.1±0.9 vs 1.7±0.9, p=0.007; the atherogenic index of plasma: 0.34±0.33 vs 0.18±0.3, p=0.006; and the atherogenic coefficient: 2.7±1.2 vs 2.1±1.3, p=0.004). Univariate logistic regression showed that RH should not be considered to be a predictor of an increased atherogenic index of plasma (odds ratio [OR]=0.3 [95% confidence interval [CI] [0.16-0.7], p=0.002). Multivariate logistic regression revealed triglyceride levels (OR 1.14 [1.07-1.2], p=0.001) and body weight (OR 1.07 [1.03-1.12], p=0.002) to be independent risk factors for atherosclerosis. Conclusion: Atherosclerosis risk factors are no more prevalent in patients with RH. RH does not increase the risk of an abnormal atherogenic index of plasma.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-14
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2494854-8
ISSN	1178-7007
ISSN	1178-7007
DOI	10.2147/DMSO.S371706
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Article ; Online: Switching to once-weekly insulin icodec versus once-daily insulin degludec in individuals with basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (ONWARDS 2): a phase 3a, randomised, open label, multicentre, treat-to-target trial.

Philis-Tsimikas, Athena / Asong, Marisse / Franek, Edward / Jia, Ting / Rosenstock, Julio / Stachlewska, Karolina / Watada, Hirotaka / Kellerer, Monika

The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology

2023 Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) 414–425

Abstract: Background: Insulin icodec (icodec) is a once-weekly basal insulin currently under development. ONWARDS 2 aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of once-weekly icodec versus once-daily insulin degludec (degludec) in basal insulin-treated type 2 ... ...

Abstract	Background: Insulin icodec (icodec) is a once-weekly basal insulin currently under development. ONWARDS 2 aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of once-weekly icodec versus once-daily insulin degludec (degludec) in basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes. Methods: This 26-week, randomised, open-label, active-controlled, multicentre, treat-to-target phase 3a trial was conducted in 71 sites in nine countries. Eligible participants with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on once-daily or twice-daily basal insulin, with or without non-insulin glucose-lowering agents, were randomly assigned (1:1) to once-weekly icodec or once-daily degludec. The primary outcome was change from baseline to week 26 in HbA Findings: Between March 5 and July 19, 2021, 635 participants were screened, of whom 109 were ineligible or withdrew, and 526 were randomly assigned to icodec (n=263) or degludec (n=263). From a mean baseline of 8·17% (icodec; 65·8 mmol/mol) and 8·10% (degludec; 65·0 mmol/mol), HbA Interpretation: Among adults with basal insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, treatment with once-weekly icodec versus once-daily degludec demonstrated non-inferiority and statistical superiority in HbA Funding: Novo Nordisk.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Hypoglycemia/chemically induced ; Hypoglycemia/epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Blood Glucose
Chemical Substances	insulin degludec (54Q18076QB) ; insulin icodec ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Blood Glucose
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial ; Multicenter Study ; Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2213-8595
ISSN (online)	2213-8595
DOI	10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00093-1
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Article ; Online: Risk Factors for Osteoporosis among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Do We Already Know Everything?

Lewandowski, Konrad / Kaniewska, Magdalena / Więcek, Martyna / Szwarc, Paulina / Panufnik, Paulina / Tulewicz-Marti, Edyta / Walicka, Magdalena / Franek, Edward / Rydzewska, Grażyna

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 5

Abstract: Introduction: There are many known risk factors for osteoporosis (OST) among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one of which is physical activity.: Material and methods: The aim of the study is to assess the frequency and risk factors of ...

Abstract	Introduction: There are many known risk factors for osteoporosis (OST) among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one of which is physical activity. Material and methods: The aim of the study is to assess the frequency and risk factors of OST among 232 patients with IBD compared to a group of 199 patients without IBD. The participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, laboratory tests, and completed a questionnaire about their physical activity. Results: It was found that 7.3% of IBD patients suffered from OST. Male gender, ulcerative colitis, extensive inflammation in the intestine, exacerbation of disease, rare physical activity, other forms of physical activity, past fractures, lower levels of osteocalcin, and higher levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen were risk factors for OST. As many as 70.6% of OST patients were rarely physically active. Conclusions: OST is a common problem in IBD patients. OST risk factors differ significantly between the general population and those with IBD. Modifiable factors can be influenced by patients and by physicians. The key to OST prophylaxis may be regular physical activity, which should be recommended in clinical remission. It may also prove valuable to use markers of bone turnover in diagnostics, which may enable decisions regarding therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Male ; Crohn Disease/complications ; Bone Density ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications ; Osteoporosis/etiology ; Absorptiometry, Photon ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15051151
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Article ; Online: Czy autoimmunizacja tarczycy jest związana z subkliniczną miażdżycą u młodych kobiet z cukrzycą typu 1?

Łukawska-Tatarczuk, Magdalena Maria / Zieliński, Jakub / Franek, Edward / Czupryniak, Leszek / Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska, Beata

Endokrynologia Polska

2022 Volume 73, Issue 2, Page(s) 301–308

Abstract: Introduction: It has been hypothesized that autoimmunity may contribute to cardiovascular complications and may be an important trigger for processes leading to atherosclerosis, especially in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This pilot study aimed to ... ...

Title translation	Is thyroid autoimmunity associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Abstract	Introduction: It has been hypothesized that autoimmunity may contribute to cardiovascular complications and may be an important trigger for processes leading to atherosclerosis, especially in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This pilot study aimed to answer the question of whether markers of thyroid autoimmunity are associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in young, asymptomatic T1DM women. Material and methods: The study population consisted of 102 women, including 72 with T1DM and 30 healthy controls. All patients had thyroid hormones within the normal range. According to the antiperoxidase antibodies (aTPO) titre, the T1DM women were divided into an aTPO-positive (T1DM aTPO+) (n = 41) and an aTPO-negative (T1DM aTPO-) (n = 31) group. In all patients, aTPO, thyroglobulin antibody (aTG) titres, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT3), free triiodothyronine (FT4), lipid parameters, glycated haemoglobin, thyroid ultrasonography, and cIMT assessment were evaluated. The association of cIMT with different risk factors related to thyroid autoimmunity was determined. Results: Carotid intima-media thickness was significantly greater in T1DM aTPO+ females (0.66 ± 0.10 mm) than in T1DM aTPO- (0.59 ± 0.11 mm) and healthy controls (0.58 ± 0.10 mm) (p = 0.007, p = 0.001, respectively). In all women cIMT was significantly, positively correlated with aTPO (p = 0.005, r = 0.273), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) duration (p = 0.00015, r = 0.367), levothyroxine dose per week (p = 0.006, r = 0.269), and ultrasound features of HT (p = 0.004, r = 0.281) and inversely with fT3 concentration (p = 0.014, r = -0.243) and FT3/FT4 ratio (p = 0.042, r = -0.201). A logistic regression analysis showed that HT duration (OR: 1.102, 95% CI: 1.008-1.206, p = 0.032) and a positive history family of HT (OR: 3.909, 95%CI: 1.014-15.071, p = 0.045) were risk factors for increased cIMT. However, multivariate regression analysis showed that the studied parameters related to thyroid autoimmunity are not independent risk factors for increased cIMT. Conclusions: We expanded the data on cIMT in young women with T1DM and showed that thyroid autoimmunity, and in particular the duration of exposure to anti-thyroid antibodies, despite adequate levothyroxine substitution, is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in young women with T1DM. However, thyroid-related parameters are not independent risk factors for increased cIMT in euthyroid women.
MeSH term(s)	Atherosclerosis/complications ; Autoimmunity ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications ; Female ; Hashimoto Disease/complications ; Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Thyroid Hormones ; Thyroxine
Chemical Substances	Thyroid Hormones ; Thyroxine (Q51BO43MG4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-05
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	419270-9
ISSN	2299-8306 ; 0423-104X
ISSN (online)	2299-8306
ISSN	0423-104X
DOI	10.5603/EP.a2022.0018
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