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  1. Article ; Online: Gut production of GABA by a probiotic formula: an in vitro study.

    Casertano, M / Fryganas, C / Valentino, V / Troise, A D / Vitaglione, P / Fogliano, V / Ercolini, D

    Beneficial microbes

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 67–81

    Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a probiotic formula on the production of neuroactive compounds in different parts of the colon in batch culture and in vitro gut simulator experiments. Thirteen lactic acid bacterial strains, ... ...

    Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a probiotic formula on the production of neuroactive compounds in different parts of the colon in batch culture and in vitro gut simulator experiments. Thirteen lactic acid bacterial strains, belonging to the species Levilactobacillus brevis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus thermophilus, were characterised for their in vitro ability to produce neurotransmitters. L. brevis P30021 and L. plantarum P30025 were selected based on their capability to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine in vitro. A probiotic formulation with potential psychobiotic activity was prepared and tested in a batch culture of human microbiota monitoring the formation of GABA and acetylcholine. Samples of the three colonic tracts were taken from the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbiota (SHIME®) evaluating the production of GABA and other neurotransmitters by LC-MS. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by GC and microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing were also determined. Probiotic supplementation led to the formation of GABA and acetylcholine with a decrease in glutamate concentrations in the in vitro batch fermentation. Production of GABA after the treatment with probiotics was confirmed in the SHIME® short-term experiment. No differences in short-chain fatty acids were observed up to 72 h of fermentation. Different microbiota composition was found in the three different parts of the colon, with a higher abundance of Veillonellaceae in the ascending colon vessels. The probiotic-exposed microbiota showed higher levels of Bacteroides, a gut microbe associated with anti-inflammatory activities and a potential GABA producer. Results demonstrate the impact of the tested probiotic formula on gut microbiota structure and GABA production. In conclusion, the probiotic treatment changed the microbiota composition and increased neuroactive metabolites production, indicating promising potential as psychobiotics, even if further clinical evidence is needed to confirm the effectiveness of these probiotics in improving mental health.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Probiotics/metabolism ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Acetylcholine ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Neurotransmitter Agents
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Acetylcholine (N9YNS0M02X) ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (56-12-2) ; Neurotransmitter Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-04
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2561259-1
    ISSN 1876-2891 ; 1876-2883
    ISSN (online) 1876-2891
    ISSN 1876-2883
    DOI 10.1163/18762891-20230025
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Relationships between diet and gut microbiome in an Italian and Dutch cohort: does the dietary protein to fiber ratio play a role?

    Tagliamonte, Silvia / Puhlmann, Marie-Luise / De Filippis, Francesca / Guerville, Mathilde / Ercolini, Danilo / Vitaglione, Paola

    European journal of nutrition

    2023  Volume 63, Issue 3, Page(s) 741–750

    Abstract: ... an omnivore diet.: Methods: The Italian cohort included 19 males (M_IT, BMI 25.2 ± 0.72 kg/m: Results: M ... the protein to fiber (P/F) and AP to total proteins better characterized M_IT. M_IT harbored the highest ...

    Abstract Purpose: To investigate the relationships between the habitual diet, the protein to fiber ratio (P/F), and the gut microbiome in one Italian and one Dutch cohort of healthy subjects consuming an omnivore diet.
    Methods: The Italian cohort included 19 males (M_IT, BMI 25.2 ± 0.72 kg/m
    Results: M_IT consumed higher levels of proteins than F_NL and F_IT, whereas dietary fiber intake did not differ among groups. Data showed that consumption of plant protein to animal protein (PP/AP) and PP to total proteins ratio can determine a differentiation of F_NL more than the absolute amount of dietary fiber. Conversely, the protein to fiber (P/F) and AP to total proteins better characterized M_IT. M_IT harbored the highest abundance of proteolytic microorganisms and the lowest microbial gene richness. Conversely, F_NL had more fiber-degrading microorganisms like Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Roseburia sp., Coprococcus eutactus and Parabacteroides along with the highest number of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and gene richness. It was predicted that by each unit decrease in the P/F a 3% increase in gene richness occurred.
    Conclusion: Study findings suggested that dietary P/F, rather than the absolute amount of dietary fiber, could contribute to the shaping of the microbiome towards a more proteolytic or fiber-degrading gut ecosystem.
    Clinicaltrials: gov Identifier NCT04205045-01-10-2018, retrospectively registered. Dutch Trial Register NTR7531-05-10-2018.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Animals ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Diet ; Carbohydrates ; Dietary Fiber/metabolism ; Feces/chemistry ; Dietary Proteins ; Microbiota ; Italy
    Chemical Substances Carbohydrates ; Dietary Fiber ; Dietary Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-27
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1466536-0
    ISSN 1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
    ISSN (online) 1436-6215
    ISSN 1436-6207
    DOI 10.1007/s00394-023-03308-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Relationships between diet and gut microbiome in an Italian and Dutch cohort

    Tagliamonte, Silvia / Puhlmann, Marie Luise / De Filippis, Francesca / Guerville, Mathilde / Ercolini, Danilo / Vitaglione, Paola

    European Journal of Nutrition

    does the dietary protein to fiber ratio play a role?

    2024  Volume 63, Issue 3

    Abstract: ... an omnivore diet. Methods: The Italian cohort included 19 males (M_IT, BMI 25.2 ± 0.72 kg/m2, age 25.4 ± 0.96 ... assessed in fecal samples. Results: M_IT consumed higher levels of proteins than F_NL and F ... characterized M_IT. M_IT harbored the highest abundance of proteolytic microorganisms and the lowest microbial ...

    Abstract Purpose: To investigate the relationships between the habitual diet, the protein to fiber ratio (P/F), and the gut microbiome in one Italian and one Dutch cohort of healthy subjects consuming an omnivore diet. Methods: The Italian cohort included 19 males (M_IT, BMI 25.2 ± 0.72 kg/m2, age 25.4 ± 0.96 years) and 20 females (F_IT, BMI 23.9 ± 0.81 kg/m2, age 23.8 ± 0.54 years); the Dutch cohort included 30 females (F_NL, BMI: 23.9 ± 0.81 kg/m2, age: 23.8 ± 0.54 years). Individual diets were recorded through Food Frequency Questionnaires and analyzed to assess the nutrient composition. Gut microbiome was assessed in fecal samples. Results: M_IT consumed higher levels of proteins than F_NL and F_IT, whereas dietary fiber intake did not differ among groups. Data showed that consumption of plant protein to animal protein (PP/AP) and PP to total proteins ratio can determine a differentiation of F_NL more than the absolute amount of dietary fiber. Conversely, the protein to fiber (P/F) and AP to total proteins better characterized M_IT. M_IT harbored the highest abundance of proteolytic microorganisms and the lowest microbial gene richness. Conversely, F_NL had more fiber-degrading microorganisms like Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Roseburia sp., Coprococcus eutactus and Parabacteroides along with the highest number of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and gene richness. It was predicted that by each unit decrease in the P/F a 3% increase in gene richness occurred. Conclusion: Study findings suggested that dietary P/F, rather than the absolute amount of dietary fiber, could contribute to the shaping of the microbiome towards a more proteolytic or fiber-degrading gut ecosystem. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04205045—01-10-2018, retrospectively registered. Dutch Trial Register NTR7531—05-10-2018.
    Keywords Dietary fiber ; Gene richness ; Gut microbiome ; Nutrient ratios ; Proteins
    Subject code 590
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1466536-0
    ISSN 1436-6215 ; 1436-6207
    ISSN (online) 1436-6215
    ISSN 1436-6207
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: A Simple Method to Estimate Weed Control Threshold by Using RGB Images from Drones

    Leonardo Ercolini / Nicola Grossi / Nicola Silvestri

    Applied Sciences, Vol 12, Iss 11935, p

    2022  Volume 11935

    Abstract: ... with respect to observed data (0.24 vs. 0.17 m 2 and 0.17 vs. 0.14 m 2 , by processing images captured at 10 ... and 20 m, respectively), whereas the estimations obtained with the first method were disappointing (0 ... 35 vs. 0.17 m 2 and 0.33 vs. 0.14 m 2 , by processing images captured at 10 and 20 m, respectively). ...

    Abstract The estimation of the infestation level in a field and the consequent determination of the economic threshold is a basic requisite to rationalize post-emergence weeding. In this study, a simple and inexpensive procedure to determine the economic threshold based on weed cover is proposed. By using high-resolution RGB images captured by a low-cost drone, a free downloadable app for image processing and common spreadsheet software to perform the model parametrization, two different methods have been tested. The first method was based on the joint estimation of the two parameters involved in weed cover calculation, whereas the second method required the availability of further images for the separate estimation of the first parameter. The reliability of the two methods has been evaluated through the comparison with observed data and the goodness of fit in parameter calibration has been verified by calculating appropriate quality indices. The results showed an acceptable estimation of the weed cover value for the second method with respect to observed data (0.24 vs. 0.17 m 2 and 0.17 vs. 0.14 m 2 , by processing images captured at 10 and 20 m, respectively), whereas the estimations obtained with the first method were disappointing (0.35 vs. 0.17 m 2 and 0.33 vs. 0.14 m 2 , by processing images captured at 10 and 20 m, respectively).
    Keywords maize green cover ; weed green cover ; yield loss model ; remote sensing ; image segmentation ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Gut production of GABA by a probiotic formula

    Casertano, M. / Fryganas, C. / Valentino, V. / Troise, A.D. / Vitaglione, P. / Fogliano, V. / Ercolini, D.

    Beneficial Microbes

    an in vitro study

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 1

    Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a probiotic formula on the production of neuroactive compounds in different parts of the colon in batch culture and in vitro gut simulator experiments. Thirteen lactic acid bacterial strains, ... ...

    Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of a probiotic formula on the production of neuroactive compounds in different parts of the colon in batch culture and in vitro gut simulator experiments. Thirteen lactic acid bacterial strains, belonging to the species Levilactobacillus brevis, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, Streptococcus thermophilus, were characterised for their in vitro ability to produce neurotransmitters. L. brevis P30021 and L. plantarum P30025 were selected based on their capability to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine in vitro. A probiotic formulation with potential psychobiotic activity was prepared and tested in a batch culture of human microbiota monitoring the formation of GABA and acetylcholine. Samples of the three colonic tracts were taken from the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbiota (SHIME®) evaluating the production of GABA and other neurotransmitters by LC-MS. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) by GC and microbiota composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing were also determined. Probiotic supplementation led to the formation of GABA and acetylcholine with a decrease in glutamate concentrations in the in vitro batch fermentation. Production of GABA after the treatment with probiotics was confirmed in the SHIME® short-term experiment. No differences in short-chain fatty acids were observed up to 72 h of fermentation. Different microbiota composition was found in the three different parts of the colon, with a higher abundance of Veillonellaceae in the ascending colon vessels. The probiotic-exposed microbiota showed higher levels of Bacteroides, a gut microbe associated with anti-inflammatory activities and a potential GABA producer. Results demonstrate the impact of the tested probiotic formula on gut microbiota structure and GABA production. In conclusion, the probiotic treatment changed the microbiota composition and increased neuroactive metabolites production, indicating promising ...
    Keywords Life Science
    Subject code 660
    Language English
    Publishing country nl
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2561259-1
    ISSN 1876-2891 ; 1876-2883
    ISSN (online) 1876-2891
    ISSN 1876-2883
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Aetiology, risk factors and microbiota composition in children with prolonged diarrhoea: A prospective case-controlled cohort study.

    Lo Vecchio, Andrea / Quitadamo, Paolo / Poeta, Marco / Buccigrossi, Vittoria / Siani, Paolo / Cioffi, Valentina / Ercolini, Danilo / Guarino, Alfredo

    Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)

    2023  Volume 113, Issue 3, Page(s) 598–605

    Abstract: Aim: Prolonged diarrhoea (ProD) refers to acute-onset diarrhoea that persists for longer than 1 week. As the aetiology, risk factors and management are poorly defined, we prospectively enrolled children hospitalised in a high-income setting to assess ... ...

    Abstract Aim: Prolonged diarrhoea (ProD) refers to acute-onset diarrhoea that persists for longer than 1 week. As the aetiology, risk factors and management are poorly defined, we prospectively enrolled children hospitalised in a high-income setting to assess these outcomes and investigate the potential role of gut microbiota.
    Methods: All children aged 30 days to 14 years admitted for acute-onset diarrhoea lasting 7-14 days were included. Children consecutively admitted in the same period for acute diarrhoea (AD) served as controls. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was used to analyse stool samples from a subset of patients and healthy controls.
    Results: Sixty-eight with ProD and 104 with AD were enrolled. Intestinal infections were the main aetiology of diarrhoea in both groups (ProD 92.9% vs. AD 97.8%). ProD children showed a higher prevalence of bacterial infections compared to AD (30.8% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.024). Neither age, host-related factors, nor microbiome alterations were specifically linked to ProD. However, ProD children had a more severe initial clinical presentation than AD.
    Conclusion: ProD is often the result of an unusually severe intestinal infection that runs a course longer than expected but generally resolves without further problems. No specific management or therapies should be undertaken in most cases.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Humans ; Infant ; Cohort Studies ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 ; Diarrhea/etiology ; Diarrhea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Microbiota
    Chemical Substances RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 (EC 1.14.14.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-21
    Publishing country Norway
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 203487-6
    ISSN 1651-2227 ; 0365-1436 ; 0803-5253
    ISSN (online) 1651-2227
    ISSN 0365-1436 ; 0803-5253
    DOI 10.1111/apa.17073
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Epidemiology of Paediatric Italian Food Allergy: Results of the EPIFA study.

    Nocerino, Rita / Carucci, Laura / Coppola, Serena / Cecere, Gaetano / Micillo, Maria / Castaldo, Tina / Russo, Stefania / Sandomenico, Marialuisa / Marino, Antonio / Gualano, Renato / Ercolini, Paola / Capasso, Antonella / Bedogni, Giorgio / Berni Canani, Roberto

    The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global

    2024  Volume 3, Issue 3, Page(s) 100246

    Abstract: Background: Updated epidemiologic data are important for defining effective public health strategies for pediatric food allergy (FA).: Objective: The Epidemiology of Paediatric Italian Food Allergy (EPIFA) study was designed to investigate the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Updated epidemiologic data are important for defining effective public health strategies for pediatric food allergy (FA).
    Objective: The Epidemiology of Paediatric Italian Food Allergy (EPIFA) study was designed to investigate the epidemiology of pediatric FA in one of the most heavily populated Italian regions.
    Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in collaboration with family pediatricians aimed at investigating the epidemiology of Italian pediatric FA during 2009 to 2021. Family pediatricians in the Campania region were invited to use the Google Forms platform for online compilation of data forms. Data forms were reviewed by experienced pediatric allergists at the coordinating center.
    Results: A total population of 105,151 subjects (aged 0-14 years) was screened during the study period. Data from 752 FA patients were evaluated. A progressive increase in FA incidence and prevalence was observed from 2009 to 2021, with a relative increase up to 34% and 113.6%, respectively, at the end of study period. The relative increase in FA prevalence was higher in the 0-3-year-old age group in the same study period (+120.8%). The most frequent allergens were cow's milk, hen's egg, and nuts.
    Conclusion: The results of the EPIFA study showed an increase in pediatric FA incidence and prevalence from 2009 to 2021 in Italy. These results underline the necessity of new effective strategies for preventing and managing these conditions.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2772-8293
    ISSN (online) 2772-8293
    DOI 10.1016/j.jacig.2024.100246
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Non-Native Turtles (Chelydridae) in Freshwater Ecosystems in Italy: A Threat to Biodiversity and Human Health?

    Esposito, Giuseppe / Di Tizio, Luciano / Prearo, Marino / Dondo, Alessandro / Ercolini, Carlo / Nieddu, Gianpiero / Ferrari, Angelo / Pastorino, Paolo

    Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 16

    Abstract: Marketed globally, freshwater turtles are popular pets. Two species of the Chelydridae family are increasingly reported in Italy: the snapping turtle ( ...

    Abstract Marketed globally, freshwater turtles are popular pets. Two species of the Chelydridae family are increasingly reported in Italy: the snapping turtle (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2606558-7
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani12162057
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Antimicrobial Resistance of

    Listorti, Valeria / Garcia-Vozmediano, Aitor / Pitti, Monica / Maurella, Cristiana / Adriano, Daniela / Ercolini, Carlo / Dellepiane, Monica / Guardone, Lisa / Razzuoli, Elisabetta

    Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 12

    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most challenging public health problems worldwide, and integrated surveillance is a key aspect in a One Health control strategy. Additionally, Salmonella is the second most common zoonosis in Europe. We aimed to ... ...

    Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most challenging public health problems worldwide, and integrated surveillance is a key aspect in a One Health control strategy. Additionally, Salmonella is the second most common zoonosis in Europe. We aimed to investigate the circulation of Salmonella strains and their related antimicrobial resistance in human, environmental, and wild boar samples from the northwest of Italy, from 2018 to 2020, to obtain a more comprehensive epidemiological picture. Salmonella Typhimurium 1,4,[5],12:i:-, S. Veneziana and S. Newport were the most common serotypes occurring in humans, the environment, and wild boar, respectively. Antimicrobial resistance was rather common in Salmonella isolates, with those from human displaying the highest degree of resistance against sulfadiazine−sulfamerazine−sulfamethazine (>90% of resistance). Moreover, resistance against azithromycin were exclusively observed in environmental samples, while only 7.7% (95% CI = 1.6−20.8) of wild boar isolates experienced resistance against trimethoprim−sulfamethoxazole. Multidrug resistance concurrently involved up to seven antimicrobial classes in human isolates, including third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Salmonella Typhimurium in humans and serotypes Goldcoast and Rissen from environmental sources showed the highest levels of resistance. This study shows diverse antimicrobial resistance patterns in Salmonella strains isolated from different sources and gives a broad picture of antimicrobial resistance spread in wild animals, humans, and the environment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2695572-6
    ISSN 2076-0817
    ISSN 2076-0817
    DOI 10.3390/pathogens11121446
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  10. Article: Hard Ticks (Ixodidae) from Wildlife in Liguria, Northwest Italy: Tick Species Diversity and Tick-Host Associations.

    Accorsi, Annalisa / Schiavetti, Irene / Listorti, Valeria / Dellepiane, Monica / Masotti, Chiara / Ercolini, Carlo / Guardone, Lisa / Razzuoli, Elisabetta

    Insects

    2022  Volume 13, Issue 2

    Abstract: Hard ticks' geographical distribution and abundance are influenced by wildlife population. This work presents the results of the identification of ticks retrieved from wild animals in the framework of a Regional Plan of Monitoring and Surveillance of ... ...

    Abstract Hard ticks' geographical distribution and abundance are influenced by wildlife population. This work presents the results of the identification of ticks retrieved from wild animals in the framework of a Regional Plan of Monitoring and Surveillance of Wildlife health. The frequency of distribution of ticks in different hosts and their geographical patterns were also investigated. Ticks were collected from game animals (
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662247-6
    ISSN 2075-4450
    ISSN 2075-4450
    DOI 10.3390/insects13020199
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