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  1. Article ; Online: A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: as its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on.

    Boutari, Chrysoula / Mantzoros, Christos S

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2022  Volume 133, Page(s) 155217

    Abstract: The WHO just released in May 2022 a report on the state of the obesity pandemic in Europe, stating that 60% of citizens in the area of Europe are either overweight or obese, and highlighting the implications of the obesity pandemic, especially as it ... ...

    Abstract The WHO just released in May 2022 a report on the state of the obesity pandemic in Europe, stating that 60% of citizens in the area of Europe are either overweight or obese, and highlighting the implications of the obesity pandemic, especially as it interacts with the COVID pandemic to create a twin pandemic, to increase morbidity and mortality. Obesity is a complex disease which has reached pandemic dimensions. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has nearly tripled since 1975, mainly due to the adoption of a progressively more sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of less healthy diets. We first report herein updated prevalence rates of overweight and obesity by sex, age, and region first in Europe, per the WHO report, and then worldwide between 1980 and 2019, as we analyze and present herein the data provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study. The prevalence of obesity is higher in women than in men of any age and the prevalence of both overweight and obesity increases with age and has reached their highest point between the ages of 50 to 65 years showing a slight downward trend afterwards. The age-standardized prevalence of obesity has increased from 4.6% in 1980 to 14.0% in 2019. The American and European region have the highest obesity prevalence and the USA and Russia are the countries with the most obese residents. Given dire implications in terms of comorbidities and mortality, these updated epidemiological findings call for coordinated actions from local and regional governments, the scientific community and individual patients alike, as well as the food industry for the obesity pandemic to be controlled and alleviated. We can hopefully learn from the COVID-19 pandemic, where collaborative efforts worldwide, focused intense work at both the local and global level and well-coordinated leadership have demonstrated that humankind is capable of amazing accomplishments by leveraging science and public health, and that we can finally make strides in terms of understanding and combating the obesity pandemic and its dire comorbidities including diabetes, NAFLD, CVD and obesity associated malignancies.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Body Mass Index ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Prevalence
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155217
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Obesity and diabetes.

    Boutari, Chrysoula / DeMarsilis, Antea / Mantzoros, Christos S

    Diabetes research and clinical practice

    2023  Volume 202, Page(s) 110773

    Abstract: Obesity, which has currently reached pandemic dimensions, is usually accompanied by diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). These two conditions share common pathophysiological mechanisms. Adipose tissue secretes cytokines which are involved in inflammation and ...

    Abstract Obesity, which has currently reached pandemic dimensions, is usually accompanied by diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). These two conditions share common pathophysiological mechanisms. Adipose tissue secretes cytokines which are involved in inflammation and various endocrine functions. As for T2DM, it is characterized also by inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hyperinsulinemia. These conditions occur also in other diseases related to obesity and T2DM, like cardiovascular disease (CVD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, management of obesity-related complications with lifestyle modification, anti-obesity drugs, and bariatric surgery, all contribute to improvement in any of these conditions. This review provides an overview of the literature addressing the association between obesity and T2DM, briefly discussing the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these conditions and outlining the management approach at the overlap of obesity and T2DM.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/therapy ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications ; Cytokines ; Inflammation/complications
    Chemical Substances Cytokines
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-23
    Publishing country Ireland
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632523-3
    ISSN 1872-8227 ; 0168-8227
    ISSN (online) 1872-8227
    ISSN 0168-8227
    DOI 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110773
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Body fatness associations with cancer: evidence from recent epidemiological studies and future directions.

    Larsson, Susanna C / Spyrou, Nikolaos / Mantzoros, Christos S

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2022  Volume 137, Page(s) 155326

    Abstract: This narrative review highlights current evidence linking greater body fatness to risk of various cancers, with focus on evidence from recent large cohort studies and pooled analyses of cohort studies as well as Mendelian randomization studies (which ... ...

    Abstract This narrative review highlights current evidence linking greater body fatness to risk of various cancers, with focus on evidence from recent large cohort studies and pooled analyses of cohort studies as well as Mendelian randomization studies (which utilized genetic variants associated with body mass index to debrief the causal effect of higher body fatness on cancer risk). This review also provides insights into the biological mechanisms underpinning the associations. Data from both observational and Mendelian randomization studies support the associations of higher body mass index with increased risk of many cancers with the strongest evidence for digestive system cancers, including esophageal, stomach, colorectal, liver, gallbladder, and pancreatic cancer, as well as kidney, endometrial, and ovarian (weak association) cancer. Evidence from observational studies suggests that greater body fatness has contrasting effects on breast cancer risk depending on menopausal status and on prostate cancer risk depending on disease stage. Experimental and Mendelian randomization studies indicate that adiponectin, insulin, and sex hormone pathways play an important role in mediating the link between body fatness and cancer risk. The possible role of specific factors and pathways, such as other adipocytokines and hormones and the gut microbiome in mediating the associations between greater body fatness and cancer risk is yet uncertain and needs investigation in future studies. With rising prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide, the proportion of cancer caused by excess body fatness is expected to increase. There is thus an urgent need to identify efficient ways at the individual and societal level to improve diet and physical activity patterns to reduce the burden of obesity and accompanying comorbidities, including cancer.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Body Mass Index ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/complications ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Obesity/metabolism ; Epidemiologic Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155326
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: From non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to steatotic liver disease (SLD): an ongoing journey towards refining the terminology for this prevalent metabolic condition and unmet clinical need.

    Kokkorakis, Michail / Boutari, Chrysoula / Katsiki, Niki / Mantzoros, Christos S

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2023  Volume 147, Page(s) 155664

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism ; Metabolic Syndrome ; Metabolic Diseases ; Longitudinal Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155664
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Corrigendum to "Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomization study of fibroblast growth factor 21 reveals causal associations with hyperlipidemia and possibly NASH" [Metab Volume 137, December 2022, 155329].

    Larsson, Susanna C / Michaëlsson, Karl / Mola-Caminal, Marina / Höijer, Jonas / Mantzoros, Christos S

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2023  Volume 143, Page(s) 155555

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155555
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Fibrosis-4 Index Predicts Long-Term All-Cause, Cardiovascular and Liver-Related Mortality in the Adult Korean Population.

    Seo, Young-Gyun / Polyzos, Stergios A / Park, Kyung-Hee / Mantzoros, Christos S

    Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association

    2023  Volume 21, Issue 13, Page(s) 3322–3335

    Abstract: ... data registry. Adults (age, ≥19 y) without viral hepatitis B or C, liver cirrhosis, any cancer, stroke ...

    Abstract Background & aims: Associations between hepatic fibrosis and mortality remain to be fully elucidated in large population-based studies. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) with all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer, and liver-related mortality in the adult Korean population without viral hepatitis.
    Methods: Baseline data were retrieved from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and mortality data were retrieved from the Korean Cause of Death data registry. Adults (age, ≥19 y) without viral hepatitis B or C, liver cirrhosis, any cancer, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, or renal failure at baseline were eligible. Presumed hepatic fibrosis was evaluated with FIB-4. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated using multivariable Cox regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier estimates of the cumulative mortality were evaluated.
    Results: There were 46,456 individuals with a median follow-up period of 8.6 years (interquartile range, 6.3-10.6 y). Kaplan-Meier curves for cumulative mortality showed that participants with a FIB-4 of ≥2.67 (vs FIB-4, <2.67) had higher cumulative all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer, and liver-related mortality. In the fully adjusted model, Cox regression analysis revealed that presumed advanced hepatic fibrosis (FIB-4, ≥2.67) remained associated with all-cause mortality (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.23-2.18), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.60-5.46), and liver-related mortality (HR, 10.50; 95% CI, 4.70-23.44), but not cancer mortality, after adjusting for confounders including central obesity and insulin resistance. Excluding participants with an estimated alcohol intake of 30 grams or more for men and 20 grams or more for women did not affect the results.
    Conclusions: At the population level, liver fibrosis estimated by FIB-4 was associated with increased cumulative all-cause, cardiovascular, and liver-related mortality.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Nutrition Surveys ; Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Neoplasms ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2119789-1
    ISSN 1542-7714 ; 1542-3565
    ISSN (online) 1542-7714
    ISSN 1542-3565
    DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: The key role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and management of obesity and CVD.

    Boutari, Chrysoula / Hill, Michael A / Procaccini, Claudio / Matarese, Giuseppe / Mantzoros, Christos S

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2023  Volume 145, Page(s) 155627

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/therapy ; Inflammation/therapy ; Inflammation/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases/complications ; Risk Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155627
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Statins' efficacy in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Boutari, Chrysoula / Pappas, Panagiotis D / Anastasilakis, Dimitrios / Mantzoros, Christos S

    Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)

    2022  Volume 41, Issue 10, Page(s) 2195–2206

    Abstract: Background & aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related with the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Currently there is no approved medication for NAFLD. Although it has been suggested that statins can be safely used ... ...

    Abstract Background & aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related with the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Currently there is no approved medication for NAFLD. Although it has been suggested that statins can be safely used by patients with elevated liver enzymes, their effect on NAFLD has not been clearly defined. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of statins on biochemical and histological parameters in patients with NAFLD.
    Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS for clinical trials and observational studies concerning the effects of statins on the development and treatment of NAFLD, regardless of the type or dosage of statin, the duration of treatment or the methods used for the diagnosis of NAFLD (biopsy or imaging technique) up to November 2021.
    Results: We identified 13 studies. Liver function tests and lipid profile were significantly improved. There was a significant decrease in steatosis grade (standardized mean difference, SMD -1.73, 95% CI -2.11 to -1.35; p < 0.00001; I
    Conclusions: Statins effectively decrease liver enzymes and beneficially affect liver histology in NAFLD patients.
    MeSH term(s) Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Lipids/therapeutic use ; Liver/metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
    Chemical Substances Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Lipids
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 604812-2
    ISSN 1532-1983 ; 0261-5614
    ISSN (online) 1532-1983
    ISSN 0261-5614
    DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.001
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Addressing the epidemic of fatty liver disease: A call to action, a call to collaboration, a call to moving the field forward.

    Boutari, Chrysoula / Polyzos, Stergios A / Mantzoros, Christos S

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2021  Volume 122, Page(s) 154781

    MeSH term(s) Epidemics/prevention & control ; Humans ; Liver/pathology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154781
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Adiponectin and leptin in the diagnosis and therapy of NAFLD.

    Boutari, Chrysoula / Mantzoros, Christos S

    Metabolism: clinical and experimental

    2019  Volume 103, Page(s) 154028

    MeSH term(s) Adiponectin/blood ; Adiponectin/physiology ; Biomarkers/blood ; Humans ; Leptin/blood ; Leptin/physiology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/diagnosis ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/therapy ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/diagnosis ; Obesity/therapy
    Chemical Substances ADIPOQ protein, human ; Adiponectin ; Biomarkers ; Leptin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-11-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 80230-x
    ISSN 1532-8600 ; 0026-0495
    ISSN (online) 1532-8600
    ISSN 0026-0495
    DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154028
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