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  1. Article ; Online: The utility of a fidelity measure to monitor implementation of new early psychosis services across Australia.

    Williams, Georgia / Farrelly, Simone / Thompson, Andrew / Stavely, Heather / Albiston, Dianne / van der El, Kristie / McGorry, Patrick / Killackey, Eóin

    Early intervention in psychiatry

    2021  Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) 1382–1388

    Abstract: ... in the 'low' fidelity range (i.e., <75%). By the fifth fidelity visit, the network average improved to 92.35 ...

    Abstract Aim: Early psychosis delivery models have proliferated worldwide, but there is limited research into establishing model fidelity. In this context, this article aims to describe the development and implementation of a fidelity tool in a national network of early psychosis services across Australia-the headspace Early Psychosis program.
    Methods: Following a detailed consultation process, and based on the Australian Early Psychosis model, an 80-item Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre Model Integrity Tool (EMIT) was developed along with predefined thresholds for fidelity. The tool was used to assess adherence to the model in six clusters of service sites across Australia. Ratings on the EMIT were informed by interviews with site staff and young people receiving the service, routinely collected data and site policies and procedures.
    Results: All six clusters of headspace Early Psychosis programs participated in five fidelity assessments across a period of two and a half years. In the initial two visits, the average fidelity score was in the 'low' fidelity range (i.e., <75%). By the fifth fidelity visit, the network average improved to 92.35%, reflecting 'superior' fidelity.
    Conclusions: Results of the longitudinal fidelity assessments indicate the successful implementation of the Australian Early Psychosis model across the headspace Early Psychosis program. Utilisation of ongoing fidelity assessments has proved an effective method to improve and maintain adherence to the model.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Australia ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis ; Psychotic Disorders/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-21
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2272425-4
    ISSN 1751-7893 ; 1751-7885
    ISSN (online) 1751-7893
    ISSN 1751-7885
    DOI 10.1111/eip.13074
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  2. Article ; Online: Observing third-party ostracism enhances facial mimicry in 30-month-olds.

    de Klerk, Carina / Albiston, Hannah / Bulgarelli, Chiara / Southgate, Victoria / Hamilton, Antonia

    Journal of experimental child psychology

    2020  Volume 196, Page(s) 104862

    Abstract: ... this, the toddlers observed videos of models performing facial actions (e.g., eyebrow raising, mouth opening ...

    Abstract Mimicry is suggested to be one of the strategies via which we enhance social affiliation. Although recent studies have shown that, like adults, young children selectively mimic the facial actions of in-group over out-group members, it is unknown whether this early mimicry behavior is driven by affiliative motivations. Here we investigated the functional role of facial mimicry in early childhood by testing whether observing third-party ostracism, which has previously been shown to enhance children's affiliative behaviors, enhances facial mimicry in 30-month-olds. Toddlers were presented with videos in which one shape was ostracized by other shapes or with control videos that did not show any ostracism. Before and after this, the toddlers observed videos of models performing facial actions (e.g., eyebrow raising, mouth opening) while we measured activation over their corresponding facial muscles using electromyography (EMG) to obtain an index of facial mimicry. We also coded the videos of the sessions for overt imitation. We found that toddlers in the ostracism condition showed greater facial mimicry at posttest than toddlers in the control condition, as indicated by both EMG and behavioral coding measures. Although the exact mechanism underlying this result needs to be investigated in future studies, this finding is consistent with social affiliation accounts of mimicry and suggests that mimicry may play a key role in maintaining affiliative bonds when toddlers perceive the risk of social exclusion.
    MeSH term(s) Child, Preschool ; Electromyography ; Emotions/physiology ; Face/physiology ; Facial Expression ; Facial Muscles/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Imitative Behavior/physiology ; Male ; Psychological Distance ; Social Isolation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218137-x
    ISSN 1096-0457 ; 0022-0965
    ISSN (online) 1096-0457
    ISSN 0022-0965
    DOI 10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104862
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  3. Article: The role of radiological imaging in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

    Albiston, E

    Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie

    2002  Volume 16, Issue 7, Page(s) 451–463

    Abstract: Several strategies have been employed to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of appendicitis and to reduce the associated perforation rate. Because clinical algorithms have been disappointing, many physicians resort to radiological modalities. Plain ... ...

    Abstract Several strategies have been employed to improve the accuracy of the diagnosis of appendicitis and to reduce the associated perforation rate. Because clinical algorithms have been disappointing, many physicians resort to radiological modalities. Plain abdominal x-rays are nonspecific, barium enema examination has relatively low accuracy, scintigraphy scans require considerable time and are difficult to interpret, and magnetic resonance imaging is relatively unstudied. The most promising modalities are graded compression sonography and computed tomography. In expert hands, these techniques can achieve a high degree of accuracy. Nevertheless, most published studies have been marred by methodological difficulties. Moreover, ultrasound is more useful in detecting than in ruling out appendicitis. The radiological criteria for acute appendicitis, the accuracy of various imaging modalities and the limitations of the available research are described.
    MeSH term(s) Acute Disease ; Appendicitis/diagnosis ; Barium Sulfate ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Enema ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Organotechnetium Compounds ; Oximes ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
    Chemical Substances Organotechnetium Compounds ; Oximes ; Barium Sulfate (25BB7EKE2E) ; Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime (3B744AG22N)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2002-08-12
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639439-5
    ISSN 1916-7237 ; 0835-7900
    ISSN (online) 1916-7237
    ISSN 0835-7900
    DOI 10.1155/2002/623213
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    Zs.A 2360: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Pilot study of client outcomes from exercise physiology in a youth mental health service.

    Woodhead, Gina / Hitch, Danielle / Bolton, Kate / Albiston, Dianne / Killackey, Eoin

    Early intervention in psychiatry

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 4, Page(s) 734–739

    Abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the utilisation and experience of an exercise physiology programme, known as Bod Squad at a youth mental health service. Individual sessions were offered in an outpatient setting, while both group and ... ...

    Abstract The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the utilisation and experience of an exercise physiology programme, known as Bod Squad at a youth mental health service. Individual sessions were offered in an outpatient setting, while both group and individual sessions occurred in an inpatient unit. This pilot study used a mixed methodology to collect data from young people who attended Bod Squad. A database of exercise physiology records for 47 young people were analysed for attendance and physiological indicators. In addition, 7 semi-structured interviews were conducted with young people to explore their experience of Bod Squad. Young people attended a total of 169 sessions during the programmes tenure, with an overall mean of 3.6 sessions. Pre-post measures for 10 young people (who had attended at least 4 sessions) showed modest average reductions for body mass index, waist circumference, chest circumference and resting heart rate. Five themes emerged from the interviews-(1) My reasons for attending, (2) The social aspect, (3) An individualized approach, (4) Outcomes from Bod Squad and (5) My experience of the service. All of these themes included positive experiences of Bod Squad, which young people perceived as relevant to their needs and helpful to their recovery. These findings are congruent with previous studies that have concluded that exercise physiology may be an effective, acceptable and valued intervention for addressing physical and metabolic health issues for young people.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adolescent Health Services/statistics & numerical data ; Body Mass Index ; Databases, Factual ; Exercise Therapy/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Heart Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Inpatients/psychology ; Male ; Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data ; Outpatients/psychology ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pilot Projects ; Thorax/physiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Waist Circumference
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-16
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Clinical Trial ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2272425-4
    ISSN 1751-7893 ; 1751-7885
    ISSN (online) 1751-7893
    ISSN 1751-7885
    DOI 10.1111/eip.12436
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  5. Article: Sub-cellular localization of insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase, IRAP to vesicles in neurons.

    Fernando, Ruani N / Luff, Susan E / Albiston, Anthony L / Chai, Siew Yeen

    Journal of neurochemistry

    2007  Volume 102, Issue 3, Page(s) 967–976

    Abstract: Angiotensin IV and LVV-hemorphin 7 promote robust enhancing effects on learning and memory. These peptides are also competitive inhibitors of the insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase, suggesting that the biological actions of these peptides may ... ...

    Abstract Angiotensin IV and LVV-hemorphin 7 promote robust enhancing effects on learning and memory. These peptides are also competitive inhibitors of the insulin-regulated membrane aminopeptidase, suggesting that the biological actions of these peptides may result from inhibition of IRAP activity. However, the normal function of IRAP in the brain is yet to be determined. The present study investigated the sub-cellular distribution of IRAP in four neuronal cell lines and in the mouse brain. Using sub-cellular fractionation, IRAP was found to be enriched in low density microsomes, while lower levels of IRAP were also present in high density microsomes, plasma membrane and mitochondrial fractions. Dual-label immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of IRAP in vesicles co-localized with the vesicular maker VAMP2, in the trans Golgi network co-localized with TGN 38 and in endosomes co-localized with EEA1. Finally using electron microscopy, IRAP specific immunoreactivity was predominantly associated with large 100-200 nm vesicles in hippocampal neurons. The location, appearance and size of these vesicles are consistent with neurosecretory vesicles. IRAP precipitate was also detected in intracellular structures including the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi stack and mitochondrial membranes. The sub-cellular localization of IRAP in neurons demonstrated in the present study bears striking parallels with distribution of IRAP in insulin responsive cells, where the enzyme plays a role in insulin-regulated glucose uptake. Therefore, we propose that the function of IRAP in neurons may be similar to that in insulin responsive cells.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase/metabolism ; Glucose/metabolism ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Hippocampus/ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/metabolism ; Intracellular Membranes/ultrastructure ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurons/ultrastructure ; Neurosecretory Systems/metabolism ; Neurosecretory Systems/ultrastructure ; Organelles/metabolism ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Secretory Vesicles/metabolism ; Secretory Vesicles/ultrastructure ; Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Insulin ; Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2 ; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2, mouse ; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3) ; leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3) ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80158-6
    ISSN 1471-4159 ; 0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
    ISSN (online) 1471-4159
    ISSN 0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
    DOI 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04659.x
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    Ui II Zs.170: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article: Membrane bound members of the M1 family: more than aminopeptidases.

    Albiston, Anthony L / Ye, Siying / Chai, Siew Yeen

    Protein and peptide letters

    2004  Volume 11, Issue 5, Page(s) 491–500

    Abstract: ... X18)-E and an exopeptidase motif GXMEN. Aminopeptidases of this family are able to cleave a broad ...

    Abstract In mammals the M1 aminopeptidase family consists of nine different proteins, five of which are integral membrane proteins. The aminopeptidases are defined by two motifs in the catalytic domain; a zinc binding motif HEXXH-(X18)-E and an exopeptidase motif GXMEN. Aminopeptidases of this family are able to cleave a broad range of peptides down to only to a single peptide. This ability to either generate or degrade active peptide hormones is the focus of this review. In addition to their capacity to degrade a range of peptides a number of these aminopeptidases have novel functions that impact on cell signalling and will be discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Aminopeptidases/chemistry ; Aminopeptidases/classification ; Aminopeptidases/genetics ; Aminopeptidases/metabolism ; Animals ; CD13 Antigens/chemistry ; CD13 Antigens/metabolism ; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry ; Membrane Proteins/classification ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/analogs & derivatives ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/chemistry ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Membrane Proteins ; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens ; Aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.-) ; ERAP1 protein, human (EC 3.4.11.-) ; CD13 Antigens (EC 3.4.11.2) ; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3) ; leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3) ; pyroglutamyl-peptidase II (EC 3.4.19.6) ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid (SZB83O1W42)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-11-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1280776-x
    ISSN 1875-5305 ; 0929-8665
    ISSN (online) 1875-5305
    ISSN 0929-8665
    DOI 10.2174/0929866043406643
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    Zs.A 4452: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article: Insulin-regulated aminopeptidase: analysis of peptide substrate and inhibitor binding to the catalytic domain.

    Ye, Siying / Chai, Siew Yeen / Lew, Rebecca A / Albiston, Anthony L

    Biological chemistry

    2007  Volume 388, Issue 4, Page(s) 399–403

    Abstract: ... of G428 by either D, E or Q selectively abolished the catalysis of Leu-enkephalin, while [A429G]IRAP and ...

    Abstract Peptide inhibitors of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) accelerate spatial learning and facilitate memory retention and retrieval by binding competitively to the catalytic site of the enzyme and inhibiting its catalytic activity. IRAP belongs to the M1 family of Zn2+-dependent aminopeptidases characterized by a catalytic domain that contains two conserved motifs, the HEXXH(X)18E Zn2+-binding motif and the GXMEN exopeptidase motif. To elucidate the role of GXMEN in binding peptide substrates and competitive inhibitors, site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the motif. Non-conserved mutations of residues G428, A429 and N432 resulted in mutant enzymes with altered catalytic activity, as well as divergent changes in kinetic properties towards the synthetic substrate leucine beta-naphthylamide. The affinities of the IRAP inhibitors angiotensin IV, Nle1-angiotensin IV, and LVV-hemorphin-7 were selectively decreased. Substrate degradation studies using the in vitro substrates vasopressin and Leu-enkephalin showed that replacement of G428 by either D, E or Q selectively abolished the catalysis of Leu-enkephalin, while [A429G]IRAP and [N432A]IRAP mutants were incapable of cleaving both substrates. These mutational studies indicate that G428, A429 and N432 are important for binding of both peptide substrates and inhibitors, and confirm previous results demonstrating that peptide IRAP inhibitors competitively bind to its catalytic site.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin II/analogs & derivatives ; Angiotensin II/metabolism ; Arginine Vasopressin/metabolism ; Catalytic Domain/physiology ; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase/genetics ; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase/metabolism ; Enkephalin, Leucine/metabolism ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Hemoglobins ; Peptide Fragments ; Angiotensin II (11128-99-7) ; Arginine Vasopressin (113-79-1) ; angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)- (23025-68-5) ; Enkephalin, Leucine (58822-25-6) ; LVV-hemorphin-7 (75808-66-1) ; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3) ; leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1334659-3
    ISSN 1437-4315 ; 1431-6730 ; 1432-0355
    ISSN (online) 1437-4315
    ISSN 1431-6730 ; 1432-0355
    DOI 10.1515/BC.2007.044
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    Uc I Zs.50: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Different cross-presentation pathways in steady-state and inflammatory dendritic cells.

    Segura, Elodie / Albiston, Anthony L / Wicks, Ian P / Chai, Siew Yeen / Villadangos, José A

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2009  Volume 106, Issue 48, Page(s) 20377–20381

    Abstract: Presentation of exogenous antigens on MHC class I molecules, termed cross-presentation, is essential for the induction of CD8 T-cell responses and is carried out by specialized dendritic cell (DC) subsets. The mechanisms involved remain unclear. It has ... ...

    Abstract Presentation of exogenous antigens on MHC class I molecules, termed cross-presentation, is essential for the induction of CD8 T-cell responses and is carried out by specialized dendritic cell (DC) subsets. The mechanisms involved remain unclear. It has been proposed that antigens could be transported by endocytic receptors, such as the mannose receptor (MR) in the case of soluble ovalbumin, into early endosomes in which the cross-presentation machinery would be recruited. In these endosomal compartments, peptides would be trimmed by the aminopeptidase IRAP before loading onto MHC class I molecules. Here, we have investigated the contribution of this pathway to cross-presentation by steady-state CD8(+) DC and inflammatory monocyte-derived DC (moDC) generated in vivo. We demonstrate that IRAP and MR are dispensable for cross-presentation by CD8(+) DC and for cross-priming. Moreover, we could not find any evidence for diversion of endocytosed antigen into IRAP-containing endosomes in these cells. However, cross-presentation was impaired in moDC deficient in IRAP or MR, confirming the role of these two molecules in inflammatory DC. These results demonstrate that the mechanisms responsible for cross-priming by steady-state and inflammatory DC are different, which has important implications for vaccine design.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cross-Priming/immunology ; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase/immunology ; Dendritic Cells/immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunity, Cellular/immunology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Lectins, C-Type/immunology ; Mannose-Binding Lectins/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Immunological ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
    Chemical Substances Lectins, C-Type ; Mannose-Binding Lectins ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; mannose receptor ; Ovalbumin (9006-59-1) ; Cystinyl Aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3) ; leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.3)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-11-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.0910295106
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    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Synthesis, structure-activity relationships and brain uptake of a novel series of benzopyran inhibitors of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase.

    Mountford, Simon J / Albiston, Anthony L / Charman, William N / Ng, Leelee / Holien, Jessica K / Parker, Michael W / Nicolazzo, Joseph A / Thompson, Philip E / Chai, Siew Yeen

    Journal of medicinal chemistry

    2014  Volume 57, Issue 4, Page(s) 1368–1377

    Abstract: Peptide inhibitors of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) enhance fear avoidance and spatial memory and accelerate spatial learning in a number of memory paradigms. Using a virtual screening approach, a series of benzopyran compounds was identified ... ...

    Abstract Peptide inhibitors of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) enhance fear avoidance and spatial memory and accelerate spatial learning in a number of memory paradigms. Using a virtual screening approach, a series of benzopyran compounds was identified that inhibited the catalytic activity of IRAP, ultimately resulting in the identification of potent and specific inhibitors. The present study describes the medicinal chemistry campaign that led to the development of the lead candidate, 3, highlighting the key structural features considered as critical for binding. Furthermore, the in vivo pharmacokinetics and brain uptake of compounds (1 and 3) were assessed in rats and were complemented with in vitro human and rat microsomal stability studies. Following intravenous administration to rodents, 3 exhibits brain exposure, albeit it is rapidly converted to 1, a compound which also exhibits potent inhibition of IRAP.
    MeSH term(s) Aminopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Benzopyrans/chemical synthesis ; Benzopyrans/chemistry ; Benzopyrans/pharmacokinetics ; Benzopyrans/pharmacology ; Brain/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis ; Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Rats ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Chemical Substances Benzopyrans ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; Insulin ; Aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11.-)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-02-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218133-2
    ISSN 1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
    ISSN (online) 1520-4804
    ISSN 0022-2623
    DOI 10.1021/jm401540f
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  10. Article ; Online: Acoustic microstreaming increases the efficiency of reverse transcription reactions comprising single-cell quantities of RNA.

    Boon, Wah Chin / Petkovic-Duran, Karolina / White, Kylie / Tucker, Elena / Albiston, Anthony / Manasseh, Richard / Horne, Malcolm Kenneth / Aumann, Tim Douglas

    BioTechniques

    2011  Volume 50, Issue 2, Page(s) 116–119

    Abstract: Correlating gene expression with behavior at the single-cell level is difficult, largely because the small amount of available mRNA (<1 pg) degrades before it can be reverse transcribed into a more stable cDNA copy. This study tested the capacity for a ... ...

    Abstract Correlating gene expression with behavior at the single-cell level is difficult, largely because the small amount of available mRNA (<1 pg) degrades before it can be reverse transcribed into a more stable cDNA copy. This study tested the capacity for a novel acoustic microstreaming method ("micromixing"), which stirs fluid at microliter scales, to improve cDNA yields from reverse transcription (RT) reactions comprising single-cell quantities of RNA. Micromixing significantly decreased the number of qPCR cycles to detect cDNA representing mRNA for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase (Hprt) and nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1) by ~9 and ~15 cycles, respectively. The improvement was equivalent to performing RT with 10- to 100-fold more cDNA in the absence of micromixing. Micromixing enabled reliable detection of the otherwise undetectable, low-abundance transcript, Nurr1. It was most effective when RNA concentrations were low (0.1-1 pg/µL, a "single-cell equivalent") but had lesser effects at higher RNA concentrations (~1 ng/µL). This was supported by imaging experiments showing that micromixing improved mixing of a low concentration (20 pg/µL) of fluorescence-labeled RNA but not a higher concentration (1 ng/µL). We conclude that micromixing significantly increases RT yields obtainable from single-cell quantities of RNA.
    MeSH term(s) Acoustics ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Mice ; RNA/genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/economics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Reverse Transcription ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Chemical Substances DNA, Complementary ; RNA (63231-63-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Evaluation Studies ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 48453-2
    ISSN 1940-9818 ; 0736-6205
    ISSN (online) 1940-9818
    ISSN 0736-6205
    DOI 10.2144/000113587
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