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Article ; Online: Deep Learning in Image-Based Plant Phenotyping.

Murphy, Katherine M / Ludwig, Ella / Gutierrez, Jorge / Gehan, Malia A

2024

Abstract: A major bottleneck in the crop improvement pipeline is our ability to phenotype crops quickly and efficiently. Image-based, high-throughput phenotyping has a number of advantages because it is nondestructive and reduces human labor, but a new challenge ... ...

Abstract	A major bottleneck in the crop improvement pipeline is our ability to phenotype crops quickly and efficiently. Image-based, high-throughput phenotyping has a number of advantages because it is nondestructive and reduces human labor, but a new challenge arises in extracting meaningful information from large quantities of image data. Deep learning, a type of artificial intelligence, is an approach used to analyze image data and make predictions on unseen images that ultimately reduces the need for human input in computation. Here, we review the basics of deep learning, assessment of deep learning success, examples of applications of deep learning in plant phenomics, best practices, and open challenges. Expected final online publication date for the
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2098209-4
ISSN	1545-2123 ; 1543-5008
ISSN (online)	1545-2123
ISSN	1543-5008
DOI	10.1146/annurev-arplant-070523-042828
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Article ; Online: Mitigation of water stress in broccoli by soil application of humic acid.

Ibrahim, Ehab A / Ebrahim, Noura E S / Mohamed, Gehan Z

Scientific reports

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2765

Abstract: The main challenge to plant productivity is water scarcity, which is predicted to get worse with climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. Humic acid could improve plant tolerance to mitigate drought damage, which is an effective strategy ...

Abstract	The main challenge to plant productivity is water scarcity, which is predicted to get worse with climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. Humic acid could improve plant tolerance to mitigate drought damage, which is an effective strategy to improve crop production and agriculture sustainability under limited water conditions in these regions, but its effective application rates should also be established. Thus, two field experiments were carried out at the Qaha Vegetable Research Farm in Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, during the two seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22 on clay soil. The present study investigated the effect of three rates of humic acid application (0, 4.8, and 9.6 kg ha
MeSH term(s)	Soil ; Humic Substances ; Dehydration ; Brassica ; Agriculture/methods
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Humic Substances
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-024-53012-4
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Article ; Online: Role of gamma-irradiated sodium alginate on growth, physiological and active components of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plant.

Aly, Amina A / Eliwa, Noha E / Safwat, Gehan

BMC plant biology

2024 Volume 24, Issue 1, Page(s) 185

Abstract: Background: One of the most widely recognized biostimulators of plant development; is oligoalginate, which regulates the biological processes of plants and was used in horticultural fields as a plant growth regulator. The plan of the current research ... ...

Abstract	Background: One of the most widely recognized biostimulators of plant development; is oligoalginate, which regulates the biological processes of plants and was used in horticultural fields as a plant growth regulator. The plan of the current research was to study, however, the foliar application of un-irradiated and irradiated Na-alginate (UISA and ISA) to improve the growth, physiological activity, and other active components of the Egyptian iceberg lettuce plant. Degraded Na-alginate is equipped with exposure of sodium alginate in its solid state to gamma-rays at different dose levels (0.0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kGy). The characterization of the oligo-alginates achieved by γ-radiation deprivation at different dose levels was performed by FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and TEM. Different concentrations of irradiated sodium alginate at dose levels of 100 kGy (200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm, as well as deionized water used as a control) were sprayed with a hand sprayer every week after transplanting the iceberg lettuce seedlings in the field until the harvest stage. Morphological traits were evaluated, as well as pigments, ascorbic acid, phenols, flavonoids, soluble proteins, and antioxidant activity. Results: Irradiated Na-alginate resulted in the depolymerization of Na-alginate into small molecular-weight oligosaccharides, and the best dose to use was 100 kGy. Certain chemical modifications in the general structure were observed by FTIR analysis. Two absorbed bands at 3329 cm Conclusions: The outcomes of the recent investigation demonstrated that the application of spraying irradiated Na-alginate (100 kGy) resulted in an improvement of the considered characters.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/analysis ; Lactuca ; Alginates/chemistry ; Ascorbic Acid ; Flavonoids ; Biological Phenomena ; Phenols
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Alginates ; Ascorbic Acid (PQ6CK8PD0R) ; Flavonoids ; Phenols
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2059868-3
ISSN	1471-2229 ; 1471-2229
ISSN (online)	1471-2229
ISSN	1471-2229
DOI	10.1186/s12870-024-04853-8
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Article ; Online: Genotypic characterization of symptomatic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in Egypt.

Blackard, Jason T / Rouster, Susan D / Nady, Soad / Galal, Gehan / Marzuuk, Naglaa / Rafaat, Marwaa M / Daef, Enas / El Din, Salwa Seif / Purcell, Robert H / Emerson, Suzanne U / Sherman, Kenneth E / Shata, M Tarek

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

2009 Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 140–144

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis (AVH ...

Abstract	Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in many developing countries. In Egypt, HEV seroprevalence is among the highest in the world; however, only a very limited number of Egyptian HEV sequences are currently available. Objectives: The objectives were to determine the HEV genotype(s) currently circulating in Egypt. Study design: AVH patients without serologic evidence of hepatitis A, B, and C viruses were evaluated for possible HEV infection using serologic assays for anti-HEV IgM and anti-HEV IgG and real-time PCR for HEV RNA. Stool suspensions from suspected cases were inoculated into rhesus macaques to confirm the presence of HEV. Sequence analysis was utilized to determine HEV genotype. Results: Of 287 subjects with AVH enrolled, 58 had serologic evidence of acute HEV infection. Stool samples for two of these patients were repeatedly positive for HEV RNA by real-time PCR. Macaques experimentally inoculated with these human stools also developed viremia. Sequence analysis of open reading frame (ORF) 1 demonstrated that these isolates belonged to HEV genotype 1 and were 3.9-9.5% divergent from other genotype 1 isolates. ORF2 was 5.3-8.7% divergent from previously reported Egyptian isolates. Conclusions: This study strongly suggests that genotype 1 HEV related to other North African isolates is circulating in acute symptomatic patients in Egypt. Further evaluation of genotypic variability is underway in this highly endemic cohort and is considered an important component of our increased understanding of HEV pathogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Child ; Egypt ; Feces/virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis E/virology ; Hepatitis E virus/genetics ; Humans ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2009-08-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
ZDB-ID	1446080-4
ISSN	1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
ISSN (online)	1873-5967
ISSN	1386-6532
DOI	10.1016/j.jcv.2009.07.007
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Article ; Online: Role of ICAM-1 and E-selectin gene polymorphisms in pathogenesis of PAOD in Egyptian patients.

Shaker, Olfat / Zahra, Amr / Sayed, Ahmed / Refaat, Ayman / El-Khaiat, Zakaria / Hegazy, Gehan / El-Hindawi, Khaled / Ay-El Deen, Mohamed

Vascular health and risk management

2010 Volume 6, Page(s) 9–15

Abstract: Background: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin have been shown to predict ... Methods: Two mutations, S128R in E-selectin and K469E in ICAM-1, were investigated in 156 patients ... PCR-RFLP) analysis in an Egyptian population.: Results: The distribution of E-selectin genotypes ...

Abstract	Background: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin have been shown to predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Methods: Two mutations, S128R in E-selectin and K469E in ICAM-1, were investigated in 156 patients with PAOD and 100 control subjects using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in an Egyptian population. Results: The distribution of E-selectin genotypes in patients affected by PAOD was 84.6% for the AA genotype and 15.4% for the AC genotype. In the control arm the distribution was 97% for the AA genotype and 3% for the AC genotype. There was a statistically significance difference in the distribution of the AC genotype in PAOD patients when compared with the control subjects. Additionally, the distribution of ICAM-1 genotypes in patients affected by PAOD was 30.8% with the EE, 48% with the EK, and 21.2% with the KK genotypes. The distribution of ICAM-1 genotypes in control subjects was 13% EE, 33% EK and 54% KK. The EE genotype was significantly more common in PAOD patients than in the controls. Conclusion: S128R and K469E polymorphisms were associated with increased risk in PAOD. Early detection of these polymorphic genes helps in early prophylaxis against PAOD.
MeSH term(s)	Alleles ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/genetics ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Complications/genetics ; E-Selectin/genetics ; Egypt/epidemiology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/genetics ; Peripheral Arterial Disease/genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	E-Selectin ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (126547-89-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-02-04
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2186568-1
ISSN	1178-2048 ; 1176-6344
ISSN (online)	1178-2048
ISSN	1176-6344
DOI	10.2147/vhrm.s8143
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Article ; Online: Effect of water stress and foliar application of chitosan and glycine betaine on lettuce.

Ibrahim, Ehab A / Ebrahim, Noura E S / Mohamed, Gehan Z

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 17274

Abstract: The present study investigated the effect of foliar application of chitosan at 150 ppm and glycine betaine at 700 ppm on lettuce plants cv. Balady grown under well-watered and water deficit conditions in terms of growth, yield, quality, and water usage ... ...

Abstract	The present study investigated the effect of foliar application of chitosan at 150 ppm and glycine betaine at 700 ppm on lettuce plants cv. Balady grown under well-watered and water deficit conditions in terms of growth, yield, quality, and water usage efficiency. The study was conducted in Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, during the two seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 on clay soil. Results indicated that water-stressed plants had a reduction in plant fresh weight, plant height, leaf area, and total yield, chlorophyll content and relative water content, while they exhibited an increase in total soluble solids, nitrate, and proline contents as well as water-use efficiency in both seasons. The foliar application of chitosan or glycine betaine to lettuce significantly improved plant performance under limited and normal irrigation conditions in comparison with untreated plants. The maximum positive effect was for chitosan foliar application. Overall, the results of this study indicated that foliar application of chitosan or glycine betaine was a substitute technology for improving the lettuce yield and quality as well as increasing water use efficiency under both irrigation regimes, but may be more efficient in lettuce plants subjected to a water deficit.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/metabolism ; Photosynthesis ; Lactuca/metabolism ; Betaine/pharmacology ; Chitosan/pharmacology ; Dehydration
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Betaine (3SCV180C9W) ; Chitosan (9012-76-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-43992-0
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Article: Morpho-anatomical, and chemical characterization of some calcareous Mediterranean red algae species.

Ismail, Mona M / Ismail, Gehan A / Elshobary, Mostafa E

Botanical studies

2023 Volume 64, Issue 1, Page(s) 10

Abstract: Climatic changes are anticipated to have a detrimental effect on calcifying marine species. Calcareous red algae may be especially vulnerable to seasonal variations since they are common and essential biologically, but there is little research on the ... ...

Abstract	Climatic changes are anticipated to have a detrimental effect on calcifying marine species. Calcareous red algae may be especially vulnerable to seasonal variations since they are common and essential biologically, but there is little research on the morpho-anatomical, and chemical characterization of such species. This study conducted the seasonal investigation of the three dominant Mediterranean calcified red algae. Morphological and 18S rRNA analysis confirmed the identification of collected species as Corallina officinalis, Jania rubens, and Amphiroa rigida. In general, C. officinalis was represented in the four seasons and flourishing maximum in autumn (70% of total species individuals). While J. rubens species was represented in winter, autumn, and spring and completely absent in summer. A. rigida was abundant only in the summer season by 40%. A full morphological and anatomical description of these species were examined, and their chemical compositions (carbohydrate, protein, lipid, pigments, and elements content) were assessed in different seasons, where carbohydrates were the dominant accumulates followed by proteins and lipids. Pearson correlation analysis confirmed a positive correlation between salinity level and nitrogenous nutrients of the seawater with the pigment contents (phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, and chlorophyll a) of the studied seaweeds. The results proved that calcified red algae were able to deposit a mixture of calcium carbonates such as calcite, vaterite, calcium oxalate, calcite-III I calcium carbonate, and aragonite in variable forms depending on the species.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2432110-2
ISSN	1999-3110 ; 1817-406X
ISSN (online)	1999-3110
ISSN	1817-406X
DOI	10.1186/s40529-023-00373-0
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Article ; Online: Expression profile of long-noncoding RNAs MIR31HG, NKILA, and PACER in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Alrefai, Abeer A / Abouelenin, Mai A H / Salman, Maha M A / Tawfeek, Gehan A E / Abbas, Mona A

Clinical biochemistry

2024 Volume 126, Page(s) 110734

Abstract: Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an organ-damaging systemic autoimmune illness, may be influenced by long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). This study aimed to assess the relative expression of lncRNAs (MIR31HG, ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Growing evidence suggests that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an organ-damaging systemic autoimmune illness, may be influenced by long-noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). This study aimed to assess the relative expression of lncRNAs (MIR31HG, NKILA, and PACER) in patients with SLE to evaluate their role in the disease. Design and methods: This study involved 70 patients with SLE and 70 apparently healthy control subjects. The expression levels of lnc-MIR31HG, NKILA, and PACER were quantified using real-time PCR. Results: Lnc-MIR31HG, NKILA, and PACER were significantly upregulated in SLE cases compared to controls (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis revealed a 91.43 % sensitivity of PACER for the diagnosis of SLE at a cutoff point of > 1.46, followed by NKILA with 90 % sensitivity at a cutoff point of > 1.16, and MIR31HG with 85.71 % sensitivity at a cutoff point of > 1.43. MIR31HG had the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of lupus nephritis (86.67 %) at a cutoff point of > 7.19, then NKILA with 80 % sensitivity at a cutoff point of > 8.12, and finally PACER expression with 73.33 % sensitivity at a cutoff point of > 18.19. Moreover, MIR31HG and NKILA revealed a significant correlation with albumin/creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and the SLEDAI score. Regression analysis revealed the potential roles of MIR31HG, NKILA, and PACER expression as predictors for SLE. Conclusion: An upregulated lncRNA panel (MIR31HG, NKILA, and PACER) could play a role in the pathogenesis and, hence, the predispositiontoSLE. MIR31HG and NKILA can serve as prognostic markers significantly linked with disease activity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis ; Lupus Nephritis/diagnosis ; Lupus Nephritis/genetics ; ROC Curve ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Biomarkers
Chemical Substances	RNA, Long Noncoding ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390372-2
ISSN	1873-2933 ; 0009-9120
ISSN (online)	1873-2933
ISSN	0009-9120
DOI	10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2024.110734
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Article ; Online: Effect of water stress and foliar application of chitosan and glycine betaine on lettuce

Ehab A. Ibrahim / Noura E. S. Ebrahim / Gehan Z. Mohamed

Scientific Reports, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2023 Volume 9

Abstract: Abstract The present study investigated the effect of foliar application of chitosan at 150 ppm and glycine betaine at 700 ppm on lettuce plants cv. Balady grown under well-watered and water deficit conditions in terms of growth, yield, quality, and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The present study investigated the effect of foliar application of chitosan at 150 ppm and glycine betaine at 700 ppm on lettuce plants cv. Balady grown under well-watered and water deficit conditions in terms of growth, yield, quality, and water usage efficiency. The study was conducted in Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, during the two seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 on clay soil. Results indicated that water-stressed plants had a reduction in plant fresh weight, plant height, leaf area, and total yield, chlorophyll content and relative water content, while they exhibited an increase in total soluble solids, nitrate, and proline contents as well as water-use efficiency in both seasons. The foliar application of chitosan or glycine betaine to lettuce significantly improved plant performance under limited and normal irrigation conditions in comparison with untreated plants. The maximum positive effect was for chitosan foliar application. Overall, the results of this study indicated that foliar application of chitosan or glycine betaine was a substitute technology for improving the lettuce yield and quality as well as increasing water use efficiency under both irrigation regimes, but may be more efficient in lettuce plants subjected to a water deficit.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Effect of Exercise Training and Vitamins E and C on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Lipid Peroxidation in Aging Rats

Gehan A Youssef*, Hala M T EL-Mougy

Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine , Vol 41, Pp 590-

2010 Volume 599

Abstract: ... of the work: To study the effect of moderate regular exercise and strenuous exercise with and without vitamin E or C ... exercised group with vitamin E supplementation. Group V: strenuous exercised group with vitamin E ... Results: The moderate regular exercise with or without vitamin E or C supplementation increased ...

Abstract	Background: There are many conditions that may affect the antioxidant enzyme activities, as aging and exercise. Moderate regular exercise up-regulate activities of antioxidant enzymes with depressant action on the lipid peroxidation processes, while strenuous exercise have a depressant effect on the activities of antioxidant enzymes with stimulatory action on the lipid peroxidation processes. Glutathione-S transferase (GST) and catalase are the major part of the specific antioxidant enzyme defence system response; malondialdehyde is the major indicator to lipid peroxidation processes which are affected by the exercise. Aim of the work: To study the effect of moderate regular exercise and strenuous exercise with and without vitamin E or C supplementation on antioxidant defence system. Material and Methods: Fifty six aging male albino rats were used in the present experiment. They were equally divided into seven groups. Group I: control group, Group II: moderate regular exercised group. Group III: strenuous exercised group. Group IV: moderate regular exercised group with vitamin E supplementation. Group V: strenuous exercised group with vitamin E supplementation, Group VI: moderate regular exercised group with vitamin C supplementation. Group VII: strenuous exercised group with vitamin C supplementation. The exercise was performed on a modified manual treadmill and the experiment continued for two months. Peripheral blood samples and muscular tissue samples were taken from all animal groups for estimation of glutathione-S transferase, catalase and malondialdehyde. Results: The moderate regular exercise with or without vitamin E or C supplementation increased the antioxidant enzymes Glutathione-S transferase, catalase and decreased the malondialdehyde in serum and muscular tissue. The strenuous exercise decrease the antioxidant enzymes and increase the malondialdehyde production, while with vitamin E or C supplementation strenuous exercise enhanced the antioxidant enzymes and decreased the malondialdehyde production. Conclusion: The moderate regular exercise enhance the antioxidant defence system and so inhibit the lipid peroxidation production, while the strenuous exercise inhibit the antioxidant defence system activity and increase the lipid peroxidation production. Supplementation with vitamin E or C is essential to enhance the antioxidant defence system activities that decrease lipid peroxidation. Key words: Moderate regular exercise, strenuous exercise, antioxidant defence system, GST, catalase, and malondialdehyde.
Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Pan Arab League of Continuous Medical Education
Document type	Article ; Online
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