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  1. Book: Cell Biology

    Johnson, Graham / Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer / Pollard, Thomas D. / Earnshaw, William C.

    2023  

    Author's details Thomas Dean Pollard is a prominent educator, cell biologist and biophysicist whose research focuses on understanding cell motility through the study of actin filaments and myosin motors. He is Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology and a Professor of Cell Biology and Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry at Yale University. He was Dean of Yale's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences from 2010 to 2014, and President of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies from 1996 to 2001. Pollard is very active in promoting scientific education and research primarily through two major societies, both of which he is a past President: the American Society for Cell Biology and the Biophysical Society
    Size 944 p.
    Publisher Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
    Document type Book
    Note PDA Manuell_20
    Format 224 x 282 x 34
    ISBN 9780323758000 ; 0323758002
    Database PDA

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  2. Article ; Online: Snapshot of ultrasound imaging in basic anatomy and physiology teaching in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland: perceptions, obstacles, and solutions.

    Graham, Emma C / Sweeney, Eva M / Johnson, Christopher D

    Advances in physiology education

    2022  Volume 46, Issue 4, Page(s) 630–636

    Abstract: We have used ultrasound imaging and technology as a tool for nonclinical teaching of basic physiological concepts for several years and are aware anecdotally that only a few others in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland (UK/ROI) are also using ... ...

    Abstract We have used ultrasound imaging and technology as a tool for nonclinical teaching of basic physiological concepts for several years and are aware anecdotally that only a few others in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland (UK/ROI) are also using ultrasound with this intention in physiology and anatomy teaching. To better understand what areas ultrasound is used for by others, along with what barriers might exist to its use, we reached out to colleagues in UK/ROI institutions instructing on anatomy and physiology courses by asking them to complete a survey regarding their experiences. Relatively few institutions (9%) reported using the technology in this way but covered physiology and anatomy teaching in most major body systems. The perception of responding educators overall is that, overwhelmingly, ultrasound offers a useful addition to the teaching of physiology and anatomy and is very popular with students. Barriers to its implementation were identified, including unfamiliarity with equipment and potential uses. Lack of funding for equipment and staff, issues with class sizes, and lack of curriculum time were also identified. Despite these potential impediments, most nonusers were interested in finding out about the uses of ultrasound as a teaching tool. We conclude that the teaching community would benefit from wider dissemination of local practices.
    MeSH term(s) Anatomy/education ; Curriculum ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; Humans ; Ireland ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Teaching ; Ultrasonography ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial
    ZDB-ID 1024917-5
    ISSN 1522-1229 ; 1043-4046
    ISSN (online) 1522-1229
    ISSN 1043-4046
    DOI 10.1152/advan.00193.2022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Impervious surface and local abiotic conditions influence arthropod communities within urban greenspaces.

    Maher, Garrett M / Johnson, Graham A / Burdine, Justin D

    PeerJ

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) e12818

    Abstract: The abundance of arthropods is declining globally, and human-modification of natural habitat is a primary driver of these declines. Arthropod declines are concerning because arthropods mediate critical ecosystem functions, and sustained declines may lead ...

    Abstract The abundance of arthropods is declining globally, and human-modification of natural habitat is a primary driver of these declines. Arthropod declines are concerning because arthropods mediate critical ecosystem functions, and sustained declines may lead to cascading trophic effects. There is growing evidence that properly managed urban environments can provide refugium to arthropods, but few cities have examined arthropods within urban greenspaces to evaluate their management efforts. In this study, we surveyed arthropod communities within a medium-sized, growing city. We investigated arthropod communities (abundance, richness, diversity, community composition) within 16 urban greenspaces across metropolitan Grand Rapids, Michigan (USA). We focused our efforts on urban gardens and pocket prairies, and measured environmental variables at each site. We collected 5,468 individual arthropods that spanned 14 taxonomic orders and 66 morphospecies. The results showed that community composition was influenced by impervious surface, white flower abundance, and humidity. Total arthropod abundance and diversity were positively associated with humidity. For specific orders, Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps) abundance was negatively associated with temperature, and positively associated with site perimeter-area ratio. Hemiptera (true bugs) were negatively associated with impervious surface and positively associated with humidity. These findings show that impervious surfaces impact arthropod communities, but many of the observed changes were driven by local abiotic conditions like temperature and humidity. This suggests that management decisions within urban greenspaces are important in determining the structure of arthropod communities. Future studies on arthropods in cities should determine whether manipulating the abiotic conditions of urban greenspaces influences the composition of arthropod communities. These results should inform city planners and homeowners of the need to properly manage urban greenspaces in cities to maintain diverse arthropod assemblages.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Bees ; Arthropods ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Parks, Recreational ; Wasps
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.12818
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: A Systematic Literature Review of Indoor Air Disinfection Techniques for Airborne Bacterial Respiratory Pathogens.

    Nguyen, Thi Tham / Johnson, Graham R / Bell, Scott C / Knibbs, Luke D

    International journal of environmental research and public health

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 3

    Abstract: Interrupting the transmission of airborne (<≈5 µm) respiratory pathogens indoors is not a new challenge, but it has attracted unprecedented interest due to the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020-2021. However, bacterial respiratory pathogens with known or ... ...

    Abstract Interrupting the transmission of airborne (<≈5 µm) respiratory pathogens indoors is not a new challenge, but it has attracted unprecedented interest due to the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020-2021. However, bacterial respiratory pathogens with known or potential airborne transmission account for an appreciable proportion of the communicable disease burden globally. We aimed to systematically review quantitative, laboratory-based studies of air disinfection techniques for airborne respiratory bacteria. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) were searched, following PRISMA guidelines. A total of 9596 articles were identified, of which 517 were assessed in detail and of which 26 met the inclusion and quality assessment criteria. Seven air disinfection techniques, including UV-C light, filtration, and face masks, among others, were applied to 13 different bacterial pathogens. More than 80% of studies suggested that air disinfection techniques were more effective at inactivating or killing bacteria than the comparator or baseline condition. However, it was not possible to compare these techniques because of methodological heterogeneity and the relatively small number of the studies. Laboratory studies are useful for demonstrating proof-of-concept and performance under controlled conditions. However, the generalisability of their findings to person-to-person transmission in real-world settings is unclear for most of the pathogens and techniques we assessed.
    MeSH term(s) Air Microbiology ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; Bacteria ; COVID-19 ; Disinfection ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-21
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2175195-X
    ISSN 1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
    ISSN (online) 1660-4601
    ISSN 1661-7827
    DOI 10.3390/ijerph19031197
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Impervious surface and local abiotic conditions influence arthropod communities within urban greenspaces

    Garrett M. Maher / Graham A. Johnson / Justin D. Burdine

    PeerJ, Vol 10, p e

    2022  Volume 12818

    Abstract: The abundance of arthropods is declining globally, and human-modification of natural habitat is a primary driver of these declines. Arthropod declines are concerning because arthropods mediate critical ecosystem functions, and sustained declines may lead ...

    Abstract The abundance of arthropods is declining globally, and human-modification of natural habitat is a primary driver of these declines. Arthropod declines are concerning because arthropods mediate critical ecosystem functions, and sustained declines may lead to cascading trophic effects. There is growing evidence that properly managed urban environments can provide refugium to arthropods, but few cities have examined arthropods within urban greenspaces to evaluate their management efforts. In this study, we surveyed arthropod communities within a medium-sized, growing city. We investigated arthropod communities (abundance, richness, diversity, community composition) within 16 urban greenspaces across metropolitan Grand Rapids, Michigan (USA). We focused our efforts on urban gardens and pocket prairies, and measured environmental variables at each site. We collected 5,468 individual arthropods that spanned 14 taxonomic orders and 66 morphospecies. The results showed that community composition was influenced by impervious surface, white flower abundance, and humidity. Total arthropod abundance and diversity were positively associated with humidity. For specific orders, Hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps) abundance was negatively associated with temperature, and positively associated with site perimeter-area ratio. Hemiptera (true bugs) were negatively associated with impervious surface and positively associated with humidity. These findings show that impervious surfaces impact arthropod communities, but many of the observed changes were driven by local abiotic conditions like temperature and humidity. This suggests that management decisions within urban greenspaces are important in determining the structure of arthropod communities. Future studies on arthropods in cities should determine whether manipulating the abiotic conditions of urban greenspaces influences the composition of arthropod communities. These results should inform city planners and homeowners of the need to properly manage urban greenspaces in cities to ...
    Keywords Urbanization ; Biodiversity ; Impervious surface ; Greenspace ; Pocket prairie ; Urban gardens ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 710
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher PeerJ Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Renal vein injuries: a 10-year, single institution experience with a rare injury following blunt abdominal trauma.

    Hart, Kyle / Johnson, Graham / Steenburg, Scott D

    Emergency radiology

    2021  Volume 28, Issue 3, Page(s) 533–539

    Abstract: Purpose: To determine the incidence, injury type, injury associations, and management of patients with renal vein injuries following trauma.: Methods: This is a 10-year single-center retrospective observational study of patients with renal vein ... ...

    Abstract Purpose: To determine the incidence, injury type, injury associations, and management of patients with renal vein injuries following trauma.
    Methods: This is a 10-year single-center retrospective observational study of patients with renal vein injuries identified on admission abdominopelvic CT following trauma. Our institutional trauma registry and radiology information system (RIS) was used to identify patients with renal vein injuries. The medical records and imaging exams were reviewed to determine venous injury type, associated injuries, management, and outcomes.
    Results: Fifteen (15) patients with renal vein injuries (N = 9 right side) were identified out of 36,077 trauma evaluations, for an overall incidence of 0.042%. Eight (53.3%) were male with a mean age of 36.3 years (range 9-67 years) and a mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 32 (range 13-57). The most common imaging findings were pseudoaneurysm formation with or without intimal injury and intraluminal thrombus seen in 86.7% of the cohort. Twelve patients (80.0%) had other acute traumatic renal findings, most commonly an ipsilateral grade 4 or higher renal injury. Angiography was performed in 6 patients (40.0%), however no patients received renal vein specific endovascular evaluation, endovascular treatment, or surgical treatment of their renal vein injuries. Three patients were treated with long-term anticoagulation, of which one received an IVC filter. There were no known renal vein injury specific mortalities.
    Conclusions: Renal vein injuries are an extremely rare entity but can be detected on admission CT. The most common injury patterns include an intimal injury with intraluminal thrombus and pseudoaneurysm in combination with an intimal injury and intraluminal thrombus. Conservative, nonoperative management was successfully employed in all cases with no renal vein specific mortalities.
    MeSH term(s) Abdominal Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Veins/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Vascular System Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Vascular System Injuries/therapy ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnostic imaging ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/therapy ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study
    ZDB-ID 1425144-9
    ISSN 1438-1435 ; 1070-3004
    ISSN (online) 1438-1435
    ISSN 1070-3004
    DOI 10.1007/s10140-020-01878-y
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Tween-20 Induces the Structural Remodeling of Single Lipid Vesicles.

    Dresser, Lara / Graham, Sarah P / Miller, Lisa M / Schaefer, Charley / Conteduca, Donato / Johnson, Steven / Leake, Mark C / Quinn, Steven D

    The journal of physical chemistry letters

    2022  , Page(s) 5341–5350

    Abstract: The solubilization of lipid membranes by Tween-20 is crucial for a number of biotechnological applications, but the mechanistic details remain elusive. Evidence from ensemble assays supports a solubilization model that encompasses surfactant association ... ...

    Abstract The solubilization of lipid membranes by Tween-20 is crucial for a number of biotechnological applications, but the mechanistic details remain elusive. Evidence from ensemble assays supports a solubilization model that encompasses surfactant association with the membrane and the release of mixed micelles to solution, but whether this process also involves intermediate transitions between regimes is unanswered. In search of mechanistic origins, increasing focus is placed on identifying Tween-20 interactions with controllable membrane mimetics. Here, we employed ultrasensitive biosensing approaches, including single-vesicle spectroscopy based on fluorescence and energy transfer from membrane-encapsulated molecules, to interrogate interactions between Tween-20 and submicrometer-sized vesicles below the optical diffraction limit. We discovered that Tween-20, even at concentrations below the critical micellar concentration, triggers stepwise and phase-dependent structural remodeling events, including permeabilization and swelling, in both freely diffusing and surface-tethered vesicles, highlighting the substantial impact the surfactant has on vesicle conformation and stability prior to lysis.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-09
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1948-7185
    ISSN (online) 1948-7185
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00704
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Book ; Online: Overview of the TREC 2022 Fair Ranking Track

    Ekstrand, Michael D. / McDonald, Graham / Raj, Amifa / Johnson, Isaac

    2023  

    Abstract: The TREC Fair Ranking Track aims to provide a platform for participants to develop and evaluate novel retrieval algorithms that can provide a fair exposure to a mixture of demographics or attributes, such as ethnicity, that are represented by relevant ... ...

    Abstract The TREC Fair Ranking Track aims to provide a platform for participants to develop and evaluate novel retrieval algorithms that can provide a fair exposure to a mixture of demographics or attributes, such as ethnicity, that are represented by relevant documents in response to a search query. For example, particular demographics or attributes can be represented by the documents topical content or authors. The 2022 Fair Ranking Track adopted a resource allocation task. The task focused on supporting Wikipedia editors who are looking to improve the encyclopedia's coverage of topics under the purview of a WikiProject. WikiProject coordinators and/or Wikipedia editors search for Wikipedia documents that are in need of editing to improve the quality of the article. The 2022 Fair Ranking track aimed to ensure that documents that are about, or somehow represent, certain protected characteristics receive a fair exposure to the Wikipedia editors, so that the documents have an fair opportunity of being improved and, therefore, be well-represented in Wikipedia. The under-representation of particular protected characteristics in Wikipedia can result in systematic biases that can have a negative human, social, and economic impact, particularly for disadvantaged or protected societal groups.
    Keywords Computer Science - Information Retrieval
    Subject code 028
    Publishing date 2023-02-10
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Concentration-Dependent Inhibition of Mesophilic PETases on Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Can Be Eliminated by Enzyme Engineering.

    Avilan, Luisana / Lichtenstein, Bruce R / König, Gerhard / Zahn, Michael / Allen, Mark D / Oliveira, Liliana / Clark, Matilda / Bemmer, Victoria / Graham, Rosie / Austin, Harry P / Dominick, Graham / Johnson, Christopher W / Beckham, Gregg T / McGeehan, John E / Pickford, Andrew R

    ChemSusChem

    2023  Volume 16, Issue 8, Page(s) e202202277

    Abstract: Enzyme-based depolymerization is a viable approach for recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis (IsPETase) is capable of PET hydrolysis under mild conditions but suffers from concentration-dependent inhibition. In ...

    Abstract Enzyme-based depolymerization is a viable approach for recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis (IsPETase) is capable of PET hydrolysis under mild conditions but suffers from concentration-dependent inhibition. In this study, this inhibition is found to be dependent on incubation time, the solution conditions, and PET surface area. Furthermore, this inhibition is evident in other mesophilic PET-degrading enzymes to varying degrees, independent of the level of PET depolymerization activity. The inhibition has no clear structural basis, but moderately thermostable IsPETase variants exhibit reduced inhibition, and the property is completely absent in the highly thermostable HotPETase, previously engineered by directed evolution, which simulations suggest results from reduced flexibility around the active site. This work highlights a limitation in applying natural mesophilic hydrolases for PET hydrolysis and reveals an unexpected positive outcome of engineering these enzymes for enhanced thermostability.
    MeSH term(s) Polyethylene Terephthalates/chemistry ; Hydrolases ; Phthalic Acids/chemistry ; Ethylenes
    Chemical Substances terephthalic acid (6S7NKZ40BQ) ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Hydrolases (EC 3.-) ; Phthalic Acids ; Ethylenes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-23
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1864-564X
    ISSN (online) 1864-564X
    DOI 10.1002/cssc.202202277
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Cost and health impact analysis of herpes zoster vaccination in Norway.

    Flem, Elmira / Graham, Jonathan / Yi, Zinan / Wisløff, Torbjørn / Johnson, Kelly D

    Expert review of pharmacoeconomics & outcomes research

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 315–326

    Abstract: Background: A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a national vaccination program against herpes zoster in Norway.: Methods: The model analyzed six vaccination scenarios that included the live-attenuated zoster ... ...

    Abstract Background: A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a national vaccination program against herpes zoster in Norway.
    Methods: The model analyzed six vaccination scenarios that included the live-attenuated zoster vaccine under different target ages of vaccination (60, 65, and 70 years) compared with no vaccination. A catch-up program implemented in the first year of the vaccination was included in three of the scenarios. The model followed the population of Norway over a 40-year time horizon to estimate costs and outcomes associated with vaccination. Immunization costs, costs related to herpes zoster (both healthcare sector and non-healthcasre sector), the quality of life gains due to avoided cases of herpes zoster, and quality-of-life losses due to vaccine-related adverse events were estimated.
    Results and conclusions: A national vaccination program would result in reduction of the number of herpes zoster cases and decreased burden of illness. Vaccinating adults at 65 years of age with catch-up up to 70 years in the first year of the program was the most cost-effective strategy with the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained at NOK (Norwegian Krone) 245,459 from the societal perspective and NOK 248,637 from the health care system perspective.
    MeSH term(s) Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Herpes Zoster/epidemiology ; Herpes Zoster/prevention & control ; Herpes Zoster Vaccine ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Vaccination
    Chemical Substances Herpes Zoster Vaccine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2208481-2
    ISSN 1744-8379 ; 1473-7167
    ISSN (online) 1744-8379
    ISSN 1473-7167
    DOI 10.1080/14737167.2021.1973893
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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