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  1. Article ; Online: Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk in 109,954 Veterans With Adult-Onset Diabetes: The Million Veteran Program (MVP).

    Yang, Peter K / Jackson, Sandra L / Charest, Brian R / Cheng, Yiling J / Sun, Yan V / Raghavan, Sridharan / Litkowski, Elizabeth M / Legvold, Brian T / Rhee, Mary K / Oram, Richard A / Kuklina, Elena V / Vujkovic, Marijana / Reaven, Peter D / Cho, Kelly / Leong, Aaron / Wilson, Peter W F / Zhou, Jin / Miller, Donald R / Sharp, Seth A /
    Staimez, Lisa R / North, Kari E / Highland, Heather M / Phillips, Lawrence S

    Diabetes care

    2024  

    Abstract: Objective: To characterize high type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk in a population where type 2 diabetes (T2D) predominates.: Research design and methods: Characteristics typically associated with T1D were assessed in 109,594 Million Veteran Program ... ...

    Abstract Objective: To characterize high type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk in a population where type 2 diabetes (T2D) predominates.
    Research design and methods: Characteristics typically associated with T1D were assessed in 109,594 Million Veteran Program participants with adult-onset diabetes, 2011-2021, who had T1D genetic risk scores (GRS) defined as low (0 to <45%), medium (45 to <90%), high (90 to <95%), or highest (≥95%).
    Results: T1D characteristics increased progressively with higher genetic risk (P < 0.001 for trend). A GRS ≥ 90% was more common with diabetes diagnoses before age 40 years, but 95% of those participants were diagnosed at age ≥40 years, and they resembled T2D in mean age (64.3 years) and BMI (32.3 kg/m2). Compared with the low risk group, the highest-risk group was more likely to have diabetic ketoacidosis (low 0.9% vs. highest GRS 3.7%), hypoglycemia prompting emergency visits (3.7% vs. 5.8%), outpatient plasma glucose <50 mg/dL (7.5% vs. 13.4%), a shorter median time to start insulin (3.5 vs. 1.4 years), use of a T1D diagnostic code (16.3% vs. 28.1%), low C-peptide levels if tested (1.8% vs. 32.4%), and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (6.9% vs. 45.2%), all P < 0.001.
    Conclusions: Characteristics associated with T1D were increased with higher genetic risk, and especially with the top 10% of risk. However, the age and BMI of those participants resemble people with T2D, and a substantial proportion did not have diagnostic testing or use of T1D diagnostic codes. T1D genetic screening could be used to aid identification of adult-onset T1D in settings in which T2D predominates.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 441231-x
    ISSN 1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
    ISSN (online) 1935-5548
    ISSN 0149-5992
    DOI 10.2337/dc23-1927
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Merkel cell carcinoma: a review.

    Oram, Christian W / Bartus, Cynthia L / Purcell, Stephen M

    Cutis

    2016  Volume 97, Issue 4, Page(s) 290–295

    Abstract: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of unknown origin that usually presents in the elderly population. A novel polyomavirus has been associated with a large percentage of tumors. Immune response plays an important role in ... ...

    Abstract Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor of unknown origin that usually presents in the elderly population. A novel polyomavirus has been associated with a large percentage of tumors. Immune response plays an important role in pathogenesis of MCC. This article reviews the history, pathogenesis, presentation, and treatment of MCC. Future treatments also are discussed briefly.
    MeSH term(s) Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/therapy ; Humans ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Skin Neoplasms/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 391840-3
    ISSN 2326-6929 ; 0011-4162 ; 0151-9522
    ISSN (online) 2326-6929
    ISSN 0011-4162 ; 0151-9522
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Compensation to Altered Auditory Feedback in Children With Developmental Language Disorder and Typical Development.

    Coughler, Caitlin / Hamel, Emily Michaela / Cardy, Janis Oram / Archibald, Lisa M D / Purcell, David W

    Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR

    2021  Volume 64, Issue 6S, Page(s) 2363–2376

    Abstract: Purpose Developmental language disorder (DLD), an unexplained problem using and understanding spoken language, has been hypothesized to have an underlying auditory processing component. Auditory feedback plays a key role in speech motor control. The ... ...

    Abstract Purpose Developmental language disorder (DLD), an unexplained problem using and understanding spoken language, has been hypothesized to have an underlying auditory processing component. Auditory feedback plays a key role in speech motor control. The current study examined whether auditory feedback is used to regulate speech production in a similar way by children with DLD and their typically developing (TD) peers. Method Participants aged 6-11 years completed tasks measuring hearing, language, first formant (F1) discrimination thresholds, partial vowel space, and responses to altered auditory feedback with F1 perturbation. Results Children with DLD tended to compensate more than TD children for the positive F1 manipulation and compensated less than TD children in the negative shift condition. Conclusion Our findings suggest that children with DLD make atypical use of auditory feedback.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Feedback ; Humans ; Language Development Disorders ; Speech ; Speech Perception ; Speech Production Measurement
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1364086-0
    ISSN 1558-9102 ; 1092-4388
    ISSN (online) 1558-9102
    ISSN 1092-4388
    DOI 10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00374
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Preventing type 1 diabetes in childhood.

    Dayan, Colin M / Besser, Rachel E J / Oram, Richard A / Hagopian, William / Vatish, Manu / Bendor-Samuel, Owen / Snape, Matthew D / Todd, John A

    Science (New York, N.Y.)

    2021  Volume 373, Issue 6554, Page(s) 506–510

    Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas are destroyed by T lymphocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that monitoring for pancreatic islet autoantibodies, combined with genetic risk ... ...

    Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas are destroyed by T lymphocytes. Recent studies have demonstrated that monitoring for pancreatic islet autoantibodies, combined with genetic risk assessment, can identify most children who will develop T1D when they still have sufficient β cell function to control glucose concentrations without the need for insulin. In addition, there has been recent success in secondary prevention using immunotherapy to delay the progression of preclinical disease, and primary prevention approaches to inhibiting the initiating autoimmune process have entered large-scale clinical trials. By changing the focus of T1D management from late diagnosis and insulin replacement to early diagnosis and β cell preservation, we can anticipate a future without the need for daily insulin injections for children with T1D.
    MeSH term(s) Autoantibodies/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy ; Disease Progression ; Early Diagnosis ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Insulin/therapeutic use ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology ; Islets of Langerhans/immunology ; Primary Prevention ; Secondary Prevention
    Chemical Substances Autoantibodies ; Biomarkers ; Insulin ; islet cell antibody
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 128410-1
    ISSN 1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
    ISSN (online) 1095-9203
    ISSN 0036-8075
    DOI 10.1126/science.abi4742
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Residual β-Cell Function Is Associated With Longer Time in Range in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes.

    Fuhri Snethlage, Coco M / McDonald, Timothy J / Oram, Richard D / de Groen, Pleun / Rampanelli, Elena / Schimmel, Alinda W M / Holleman, Frits / Siegelaar, Sarah / Hoekstra, Joost / Brouwer, Catherine B / Knop, Filip K / Verchere, C Bruce / van Raalte, Daniël H / Roep, Bart O / Nieuwdorp, Max / Hanssen, Nordin M J

    Diabetes care

    2023  

    Abstract: Objective: Little is known about the influence of residual islet function on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated the associations between residual β-cell function and metrics of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in individuals ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Little is known about the influence of residual islet function on glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D). We investigated the associations between residual β-cell function and metrics of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in individuals with T1D.
    Research design and methods: In this cross-sectional cohort comprising 489 individuals (64% female, age 41.0 ± 14.0 years), T1D duration was 15.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 6.0-29.0) years. Individuals had a time in range (TIR) of 66% (IQR 52-80%) and a urinary C-peptide-to-creatinine ratio (UCPCR) of 0.01 (IQR 0.00-0.41) nmol/mmol. To assess β-cell function, we measured UCPCR (detectable >0.01 nmol/mmol), and to assess α-cell function, fasting plasma glucagon/glucose ratios were measured. CGM was used to record TIR (3.9-10 mmol/L), time below range (TBR) (<3.9 mmol/L), time above range (TAR) (>10 mmol/L), and glucose coefficient of variance (CV). For CGM, 74.7% used FreeStyle Libre 2, 13.8% Medtronic Guardian, and 11.5% Dexcom G6 as their device.
    Results: The percentage of patients with T1D who had a detectable UCPCR was 49.4%. A higher UCPCR correlated with higher TIR (r = 0.330, P < 0.05), lower TBR (r = -0.237, P < 0.05), lower TAR (r = -0.302, P < 0.05), and lower glucose CV (r = -0.356, P < 0.05). A higher UCPCR correlated negatively with HbA1c levels (r = -0.183, P < 0.05) and total daily insulin dose (r = -0.183, P < 0.05). Glucagon/glucose ratios correlated with longer TIR (r = 0.234, P < 0.05).
    Conclusions: Significantly longer TIR, shorter TBR and TAR, and lower CV were observed in individuals with greater UCPCR-assessed β-cell function. Therefore, better CGM-derived metrics in individuals with preserved β-cell function may be a contributor to a lower risk of developing long-term complications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-03
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 441231-x
    ISSN 1935-5548 ; 0149-5992
    ISSN (online) 1935-5548
    ISSN 0149-5992
    DOI 10.2337/dc23-0776
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Diabetes Study of Children of Diverse Ethnicity and Race: Study design.

    Redondo, Maria J / Harrall, Kylie K / Glueck, Deborah H / Tosur, Mustafa / Uysal, Serife / Muir, Andrew / Atkinson, Elizabeth G / Shapiro, Melanie R / Yu, Liping / Winter, William E / Weedon, Michael / Brusko, Todd M / Oram, Richard / Vehik, Kendra / Hagopian, William / Atkinson, Mark A / Dabelea, Dana

    Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews

    2023  Volume 40, Issue 3, Page(s) e3744

    Abstract: Aims: Determining diabetes type in children has become increasingly difficult due to an overlap in typical characteristics between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Diabetes Study in Children of Diverse Ethnicity and Race (DISCOVER) ... ...

    Abstract Aims: Determining diabetes type in children has become increasingly difficult due to an overlap in typical characteristics between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The Diabetes Study in Children of Diverse Ethnicity and Race (DISCOVER) programme is a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported multicenter, prospective, observational study that enrols children and adolescents with non-secondary diabetes. The primary aim of the study was to develop improved models to differentiate between T1D and T2D in diverse youth.
    Materials and methods: The proposed models will evaluate the utility of three existing T1D genetic risk scores in combination with data on islet autoantibodies and other parameters typically available at the time of diabetes onset. Low non-fasting serum C-peptide (<0.6 nmol/L) between 3 and 10 years after diabetes diagnosis will be considered a biomarker for T1D as it reflects the loss of insulin secretion ability. Participating centres are enrolling youth (<19 years old) either with established diabetes (duration 3-10 years) for a cross-sectional evaluation or with recent onset diabetes (duration 3 weeks-15 months) for the longitudinal observation with annual visits for 3 years. Cross-sectional data will be used to develop models. Longitudinal data will be used to externally validate the best-fitting model.
    Results: The results are expected to improve the ability to classify diabetes type in a large and growing subset of children who have an unclear form of diabetes at diagnosis.
    Conclusions: Accurate and timely classification of diabetes type will help establish the correct clinical management early in the course of the disease.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications ; Ethnicity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prospective Studies
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Observational Study ; Multicenter Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1470192-3
    ISSN 1520-7560 ; 1520-7552
    ISSN (online) 1520-7560
    ISSN 1520-7552
    DOI 10.1002/dmrr.3744
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Emotional information processing in major depression remission and partial remission: faces come first.

    Strand, Mari / Oram, Mike W / Hammar, Åsa

    Applied neuropsychology. Adult

    2013  Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 110–119

    Abstract: Although there is considerable knowledge of the cognitive and perceptual deficits associated with the acute phases of major depressive disorder (MDD), the processes involved in remission and relapse are still being evaluated. In the present study ... ...

    Abstract Although there is considerable knowledge of the cognitive and perceptual deficits associated with the acute phases of major depressive disorder (MDD), the processes involved in remission and relapse are still being evaluated. In the present study emotional information processing in remission was investigated. A Stroop paradigm was used to compare responses from a group of remitted or partially remitted MDD patients with a matched control group. The stimuli consisted of lexical and visual facial stimuli, with one word (positive/negative) superimposed on a face (happy/sad), presented in the same trial, and being congruent or incongruent. The task was to identify the emotional content of either the face (ignoring the word), or vice versa. The results showed that both patients and controls had the same interference patterns when the target was defined by the word, and that when the target was defined by the facial expression, reaction times were faster for both groups. However, patients showed a reduced positive bias, possibly indicating dissociation between patients and control groups in terms of attention to complex emotional information. Future studies testing the sensitivity of the Emotional Stroop test in the investigation of attention to complex emotional information is needed. Clinical implications are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Attention ; Case-Control Studies ; Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology ; Emotions ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Photic Stimulation ; Reaction Time ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Stroop Test
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2327-9109
    ISSN (online) 2327-9109
    DOI 10.1080/09084282.2012.670159
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Chimpanzee uses manipulative gaze cues to conceal and reveal information to foraging competitor.

    Hall, Katie / Oram, Mike W / Campbell, Matthew W / Eppley, Timothy M / Byrne, Richard W / de Waal, Frans B M

    American journal of primatology

    2016  Volume 79, Issue 3, Page(s) 1–11

    Abstract: Tactical deception has been widely reported in primates on a functional basis, but details of behavioral mechanisms are usually unspecified. We tested a pair of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the informed forager paradigm, in which the subordinate saw ... ...

    Abstract Tactical deception has been widely reported in primates on a functional basis, but details of behavioral mechanisms are usually unspecified. We tested a pair of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in the informed forager paradigm, in which the subordinate saw the location of hidden food and the dominant did not. We employed cross-correlations to examine temporal contingencies between chimpanzees' behavior: specifically how the direction of the subordinate's gaze and movement functioned to manipulate the dominant's searching behavior through two tactics, withholding, and misleading information. In Experiment 1, not only did the informed subordinate tend to stop walking toward a single high value food, but she also refrained from gazing toward it, thus, withholding potentially revealing cues from her searching competitor. In a second experiment, in which a moderate value food was hidden in addition to the high value food, whenever the subordinate alternated her gaze between the dominant and the moderate value food, she often paused walking for 5 s; this frequently recruited the dominant to the inferior food, functioning as a "decoy." The subordinate flexibly concealed and revealed gaze toward a goal, which suggests that not only can chimpanzees use visual cues to make predictions about behavior, but also that chimpanzees may understand that other individuals can exploit their gaze direction. These results substantiate descriptive reports of how chimpanzees use gaze to manipulate others, and to our knowledge are the first quantitative data to identify behavioral mechanisms of tactical deception.
    Research highlights: Cross correlations show a subordinate chimpanzee tactically deceived a dominant by not gazing toward a valuable food (withholding), and recruiting to a "decoy" food (misleading). Chimpanzees understand that others can exploit their gaze direction.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cues ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Food ; Pan troglodytes ; Social Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-11-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1495834-x
    ISSN 1098-2345 ; 0275-2565
    ISSN (online) 1098-2345
    ISSN 0275-2565
    DOI 10.1002/ajp.22622
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Book ; Online: Feature engineering workflow for activity recognition from synchronized inertial measurement units

    Kempa-Liehr, Andreas W. / Oram, Jonty / Wong, Andrew / Finch, Mark / Besier, Thor

    2019  

    Abstract: The ubiquitous availability of wearable sensors is responsible for driving the Internet-of-Things but is also making an impact on sport sciences and precision medicine. While human activity recognition from smartphone data or other types of inertial ... ...

    Abstract The ubiquitous availability of wearable sensors is responsible for driving the Internet-of-Things but is also making an impact on sport sciences and precision medicine. While human activity recognition from smartphone data or other types of inertial measurement units (IMU) has evolved to one of the most prominent daily life examples of machine learning, the underlying process of time-series feature engineering still seems to be time-consuming. This lengthy process inhibits the development of IMU-based machine learning applications in sport science and precision medicine. This contribution discusses a feature engineering workflow, which automates the extraction of time-series feature on based on the FRESH algorithm (FeatuRe Extraction based on Scalable Hypothesis tests) to identify statistically significant features from synchronized IMU sensors (IMeasureU Ltd, NZ). The feature engineering workflow has five main steps: time-series engineering, automated time-series feature extraction, optimized feature extraction, fitting of a specialized classifier, and deployment of optimized machine learning pipeline. The workflow is discussed for the case of a user-specific running-walking classification, and the generalization to a multi-user multi-activity classification is demonstrated.

    Comment: Multi-Sensor for Action and Gesture Recognition (MAGR), ACPR 2019 Workshop, Auckland, New Zealand
    Keywords Computer Science - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ; Statistics - Machine Learning
    Subject code 006
    Publishing date 2019-12-18
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article: Irradiation-induced malignant hypertension: cured by nephrectomy.

    LEVITT, W M / ORAM, S

    British medical journal

    2003  Volume 2, Issue 4998, Page(s) 910–912

    MeSH term(s) Hypertension/etiology ; Hypertension, Malignant ; Kidney/surgery ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Nephrectomy ; Radiation Injuries ; Radiotherapy/complications
    Language English
    Publishing date 2003-07-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80088-0
    ISSN 0007-1447 ; 0267-0623 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-8146
    ISSN 0007-1447 ; 0267-0623 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-8146
    DOI 10.1136/bmj.2.4998.910
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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