Article ; Online: The Pancreatic ß-cell Response to Secretory Demands and Adaption to Stress.
2021 Volume 162, Issue 11
Abstract: Pancreatic β cells dedicate much of their protein translation capacity to producing insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. In response to increased secretory demand, β cells can compensate by increasing insulin production capability even in the face of ...
| Abstract | Pancreatic β cells dedicate much of their protein translation capacity to producing insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. In response to increased secretory demand, β cells can compensate by increasing insulin production capability even in the face of protracted peripheral insulin resistance. The ability to amplify insulin secretion in response to hyperglycemia is a critical facet of β-cell function, and the exact mechanisms by which this occurs have been studied for decades. To adapt to the constant and fast-changing demands for insulin production, β cells use the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum. Failure of these compensatory mechanisms contributes to both type 1 and 2 diabetes. Additionally, studies in which β cells are "rested" by reducing endogenous insulin demand have shown promise as a therapeutic strategy that could be applied more broadly. Here, we review recent findings in β cells pertaining to the metabolic amplifying pathway, the unfolded protein response, and potential advances in therapeutics based on β-cell rest. |
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| MeSH term(s) | Adaptation, Physiological/physiology ; Animals ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/physiology ; Humans ; Insulin Secretion/physiology ; Insulin-Secreting Cells/physiology ; Unfolded Protein Response/physiology |
| Language | English |
| Publishing date | 2021-08-18 |
| Publishing country | United States |
| Document type | Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review |
| ZDB-ID | 427856-2 |
| ISSN | 1945-7170 ; 0013-7227 |
| ISSN (online) | 1945-7170 |
| ISSN | 0013-7227 |
| DOI | 10.1210/endocr/bqab173 |
| Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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