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Article ; Online: In vitro virucidal activity of nebulized citrate-complexed silver nanoparticles against equine herpesvirus-1 and murine norovirus.

Frippiat, Thibault / Dams, Lorène / Wielick, Constance / Delguste, Catherine / Ludwig-Begall, Louisa F / Art, Tatiana / Thiry, Etienne

Virology

2023 Volume 585, Page(s) 232–239

Abstract: Viruses can be involved in respiratory disorders in horses, with limited therapeutic options. Citrate-complexed silver nanoparticles (C-AgNP) have shown bactericidal properties after in vitro nebulization. The aim of the present study was to assess the ... ...

Abstract	Viruses can be involved in respiratory disorders in horses, with limited therapeutic options. Citrate-complexed silver nanoparticles (C-AgNP) have shown bactericidal properties after in vitro nebulization. The aim of the present study was to assess the virucidal activity of C-AgNP after in vitro instillation or nebulization on equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) and murine norovirus (MNV), the latter used as surrogate for small non-enveloped viruses. Both viruses were instilled or nebulized with C-AgNP of increasing concentrations, and titres were determined via TCID
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Horses ; Mice ; Citric Acid ; Herpesvirus 1, Equid ; Silver/pharmacology ; Norovirus/physiology ; Metal Nanoparticles
Chemical Substances	Citric Acid (2968PHW8QP) ; Silver (3M4G523W1G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	200425-2
ISSN	1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
ISSN (online)	1096-0341
ISSN	0042-6822
DOI	10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.003
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Article ; Online: Rabies virus variants from bats closely related to variants found in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), a neglected source of human rabies infection in Brazil.

de Sousa, Larissa L F / de Souza, Tatiane L / Tibo, Luiz H S / Moura, Francisco B P / Junior, Francisco A S / de Oliveira-Filho, Edmilson F / Ludwig-Begall, Louisa F / Cabral-Miranda, Gustavo / Andreata-Santos, Robert / Janini, Luiz M R / Poon, Leo L M / Durães-Carvalho, Ricardo

Journal of medical virology

2023 Volume 95, Issue 8, Page(s) e29046

Abstract: Rabies is a fatal viral zoonosis caused by rabies virus (RABV). RABV infects the central nervous system and triggers acute encephalomyelitis in both humans and animals. Endemic in the Brazilian Northeast region, RABV emergence in distinct wildlife ... ...

Abstract	Rabies is a fatal viral zoonosis caused by rabies virus (RABV). RABV infects the central nervous system and triggers acute encephalomyelitis in both humans and animals. Endemic in the Brazilian Northeast region, RABV emergence in distinct wildlife species has been identified as a source of human rabies infection and as such, constitutes a public health concern. Here, we performed post-mortem RABV analyses of 144 encephalic tissues from bats sampled from January to July 2022, belonging to 15 different species. We identified phylogenetically distinct RABV from Phyllostomidae and Molossidae bats circulating in Northeastern Brazil. Phylogenetic clustering revealed the close evolutionary relationship between RABV viruses circulating in bats and variants hosted in white-tufted marmosets, commonly captured to be kept as pets and linked to human rabies cases and deaths in Brazil. Our findings underline the urgent need to implement a phylogenetic-scale epidemiological surveillance platform to track multiple RABV variants which may pose a threat to both humans and animals.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Callithrix ; Rabies virus/genetics ; Rabies/epidemiology ; Rabies/veterinary ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Chiroptera ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752392-0
ISSN	1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
ISSN (online)	1096-9071
ISSN	0146-6615
DOI	10.1002/jmv.29046
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Article ; Online: The use of germicidal ultraviolet light, vaporized hydrogen peroxide and dry heat to decontaminate face masks and filtering respirators contaminated with a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus.

Ludwig-Begall, L F / Wielick, C / Dams, L / Nauwynck, H / Demeuldre, P-F / Napp, A / Laperre, J / Haubruge, E / Thiry, E

The Journal of hospital infection

2020 Volume 106, Issue 3, Page(s) 577–584

Abstract: Background: In the context of the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the supply of personal protective equipment remains under severe strain. To address this issue, re-use of surgical face masks and filtering ... ...

Abstract	Background: In the context of the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the supply of personal protective equipment remains under severe strain. To address this issue, re-use of surgical face masks and filtering facepiece respirators has been recommended; prior decontamination is paramount to their re-use. Aim: We aim to provide information on the effects of three decontamination procedures on porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV)-contaminated masks and respirators, presenting a stable model for infectious coronavirus decontamination of these typically single-use-only products. Methods: Surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirator coupons and straps were inoculated with infectious PRCV and submitted to three decontamination treatments, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, vaporized H Findings: UV irradiation, vaporized H Conclusion: This is the first description of stable disinfection of face masks and filtering facepiece respirators contaminated with an infectious SARS-CoV-2 surrogate using UV irradiation, vaporized H
MeSH term(s)	Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Decontamination/standards ; Equipment Reuse/standards ; Guidelines as Topic ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/standards ; Respiratory Protective Devices/virology ; Surgical Equipment/standards ; Surgical Equipment/virology ; Ultraviolet Rays
Chemical Substances	Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	779366-2
ISSN	1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
ISSN (online)	1532-2939
ISSN	0195-6701
DOI	10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.025
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Article ; Online: Of masks and methylene blue-The use of methylene blue photochemical treatment to decontaminate surgical masks contaminated with a tenacious small nonenveloped norovirus.

Wielick, Constance / Fries, Allyson / Dams, Lorène / Razafimahefa, Ravo M / Heyne, Belinda / Harcourt, Brian H / Lendvay, Thomas S / Willaert, Jean-François / de Jaeger, Simon / Haubruge, Eric / Thiry, Etienne / Ludwig-Begall, Louisa F

American journal of infection control

2022 Volume 50, Issue 8, Page(s) 871–877

Abstract: Background: In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, reuse of personal protective equipment, specifically that of medical face coverings, has been recommended. The reuse of these typically single-use only items necessitates procedures to inactivate ... ...

Abstract	Background: In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, reuse of personal protective equipment, specifically that of medical face coverings, has been recommended. The reuse of these typically single-use only items necessitates procedures to inactivate contaminating human respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens. We previously demonstrated decontamination of surgical masks and respirators contaminated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 and various animal coronaviruses via low concentration- and short exposure methylene blue photochemical treatment (10 µM methylene blue, 30 minutes of 12,500-lux red light or 50,000 lux white light exposure). Methods: Here, we describe the adaptation of this protocol to the decontamination of a more resistant, non-enveloped gastrointestinal virus and demonstrate efficient photodynamic inactivation of murine norovirus, a human norovirus surrogate. Results: Methylene blue photochemical treatment (100 µM methylene blue, 30 minutes of 12,500-lux red light exposure) of murine norovirus-contaminated masks reduced infectious viral titers by over four orders of magnitude on surgical mask surfaces. Discussion and conclusions: Inactivation of a norovirus, the most difficult to inactivate of the respiratory and gastrointestinal human viruses, can predict the inactivation of any less resistant viral mask contaminant. The protocol developed here thus solidifies the position of methylene blue photochemical decontamination as an important tool in the package of practical pandemic preparedness.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Decontamination/methods ; Equipment Reuse ; Humans ; Masks/virology ; Methylene Blue/toxicity ; Mice ; Norovirus ; SARS-CoV-2
Chemical Substances	Methylene Blue (T42P99266K)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	392362-9
ISSN	1527-3296 ; 0196-6553
ISSN (online)	1527-3296
ISSN	0196-6553
DOI	10.1016/j.ajic.2022.01.024
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Zs.A 1773: Show issues

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Article ; Online: "Don, doff, discard" to "don, doff, decontaminate"-FFR and mask integrity and inactivation of a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate and a norovirus following multiple vaporised hydrogen peroxide-, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation-, and dry heat decontaminations.

Ludwig-Begall, Louisa F / Wielick, Constance / Jolois, Olivier / Dams, Lorène / Razafimahefa, Ravo M / Nauwynck, Hans / Demeuldre, Pierre-Francois / Napp, Aurore / Laperre, Jan / Thiry, Etienne / Haubruge, Eric

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 5, Page(s) e0251872

Abstract: Background: As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic accelerates, the supply of personal protective equipment remains under strain. To combat shortages, re-use of surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirators has been recommended. Prior decontamination is ... ...

Abstract	Background: As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic accelerates, the supply of personal protective equipment remains under strain. To combat shortages, re-use of surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirators has been recommended. Prior decontamination is paramount to the re-use of these typically single-use only items and, without compromising their integrity, must guarantee inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and other contaminating pathogens. Aim: We provide information on the effect of time-dependent passive decontamination (infectivity loss over time during room temperature storage in a breathable bag) and evaluate inactivation of a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate and a non-enveloped model virus as well as mask and respirator integrity following active multiple-cycle vaporised hydrogen peroxide (VHP), ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI), and dry heat (DH) decontamination. Methods: Masks and respirators, inoculated with infectious porcine respiratory coronavirus or murine norovirus, were submitted to passive decontamination or single or multiple active decontamination cycles; viruses were recovered from sample materials and viral titres were measured via TCID50 assay. In parallel, filtration efficiency tests and breathability tests were performed according to EN standard 14683 and NIOSH regulations. Results and discussion: Infectious porcine respiratory coronavirus and murine norovirus remained detectable on masks and respirators up to five and seven days of passive decontamination. Single and multiple cycles of VHP-, UVGI-, and DH were shown to not adversely affect bacterial filtration efficiency of masks. Single- and multiple UVGI did not adversely affect respirator filtration efficiency, while VHP and DH induced a decrease in filtration efficiency after one or three decontamination cycles. Multiple cycles of VHP-, UVGI-, and DH slightly decreased airflow resistance of masks but did not adversely affect respirator breathability. VHP and UVGI efficiently inactivated both viruses after five, DH after three, decontamination cycles, permitting demonstration of a loss of infectivity by more than three orders of magnitude. This multi-disciplinal approach provides important information on how often a given PPE item may be safely reused.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/virology ; Decontamination/methods ; Equipment Reuse ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Masks/microbiology ; Norovirus/drug effects ; Norovirus/isolation & purification ; Pandemics ; Personal Protective Equipment/microbiology ; Personal Protective Equipment/supply & distribution ; Respiratory Protective Devices/microbiology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Ultraviolet Therapy ; Ventilators, Mechanical/microbiology ; Volatilization
Chemical Substances	Anti-Infective Agents ; Hydrogen Peroxide (BBX060AN9V)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0251872
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Article ; Online: The use of germicidal ultraviolet light, vaporized hydrogen peroxide and dry heat to decontaminate face masks and filtering respirators contaminated with a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus

Ludwig-Begall, L.F. / Wielick, C. / Dams, L. / Nauwynck, H. / Demeuldre, P-F. / Napp, A. / Laperre, J. / Haubruge, E. / Thiry, E.

Journal of Hospital Infection

2020 Volume 106, Issue 3, Page(s) 577–584

Keywords	Microbiology (medical) ; Infectious Diseases ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	779366-2
ISSN	1532-2939 ; 0195-6701
ISSN (online)	1532-2939
ISSN	0195-6701
DOI	10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.025
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Zs.A 1586: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Decontamination of face masks and filtering facepiece respirators via ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, hydrogen peroxide vaporisation, and use of dry heat inactivates an infectious SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus.

Ludwig-Begall, L. F. / Wielick, C. / Dams, L. / Nauwynck, H. / Demeuldre, P.-F. / Napp, A. / Laperre, J. / Haubruge, E. / Thiry, E.

Abstract	Background: In the context of the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the supply of personal protective equipment remains under severe strain. To address this issue, re-use of surgical face masks and filtering facepiece respirators has been recommended; prior decontamination is paramount to their re-use. Aim: We aim to provide information on the effects of three decontamination procedures on porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV)-contaminated masks and respirators, presenting a stable model for infectious coronavirus decontamination of these typically single-use-only products. Methods: Surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirator coupons and straps were inoculated with infectious PRCV and submitted to three decontamination treatments, UV irradiation, H2O2 vaporisation, and dry heat treatment. Viruses were recovered from sample materials and viral titres were measured in swine testicle cells. Findings: UV irradiation, H2O2 vaporisation and dry heat reduced infectious PRCV by more than three orders of magnitude on mask and respirator coupons and rendered it undetectable in all decontamination assays. Conclusion: This is the first description of stable disinfection of face masks and filtering facepiece respirators contaminated with an infectious SARS-CoV-2 surrogate using UV irradiation, H2O2 vaporisation and dry heat treatment. The three methods permit demonstration of a loss of infectivity by more than three orders of magnitude of an infectious coronavirus in line with the FDA policy regarding face masks and respirators. It presents advantages of uncomplicated manipulation and utilisation in a BSL2 facility, therefore being easily adaptable to other respirator and mask types.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	MedRxiv; WHO
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2020.06.02.20119834
Database	COVID19

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Article: The use of germicidal ultraviolet light, vaporized hydrogen peroxide and dry heat to decontaminate face masks and filtering respirators contaminated with a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus

Ludwig-Begall, L F / Wielick, C / Dams, L / Nauwynck, H / Demeuldre, P-F / Napp, A / Laperre, J / Haubruge, E / Thiry, E

J Hosp Infect

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the context of the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the supply of personal protective equipment remains under severe strain. To address this issue, re-use of surgical face masks and filtering ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: In the context of the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the supply of personal protective equipment remains under severe strain. To address this issue, re-use of surgical face masks and filtering facepiece respirators has been recommended; prior decontamination is paramount to their re-use. AIM: We aim to provide information on the effects of three decontamination procedures on porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV)-contaminated masks and respirators, presenting a stable model for infectious coronavirus decontamination of these typically single-use-only products. METHODS: Surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirator coupons and straps were inoculated with infectious PRCV and submitted to three decontamination treatments, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, vaporized H2O2, and dry heat treatment. Viruses were recovered from sample materials and viral titres were measured in swine testicle cells. FINDINGS: UV irradiation, vaporized H2O2 and dry heat reduced infectious PRCV by more than three orders of magnitude on mask and respirator coupons and rendered it undetectable in all decontamination assays. CONCLUSION: This is the first description of stable disinfection of face masks and filtering facepiece respirators contaminated with an infectious SARS-CoV-2 surrogate using UV irradiation, vaporized H2O2 and dry heat treatment. The three methods permit demonstration of a loss of infectivity by more than three orders of magnitude of an infectious coronavirus in line with the United States Food and Drug Administration policy regarding face masks and respirators. It presents advantages of uncomplicated manipulation and utilization in a BSL2 facility, therefore being easily adaptable to other respirator and mask types.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #809252
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: The use of germicidal ultraviolet light, vaporised hydrogen peroxide and dry heat to decontaminate face masks and filtering respirators contaminated with an infectious norovirus.

Wielick, Constance / Ludwig-Begall, Louisa F / Dams, Lorène / Razafimahefa, Ravo M / Demeuldre, Pierre-Francois / Napp, Aurore / Laperre, Jan / Jolois, Olivier / Farnir, Frédéric / Haubruge, Eric / Thiry, Etienne

Infection prevention in practice

2020 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 100111

Abstract: In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, reuse of surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirators has been recommended. Their reuse necessitates procedures to inactivate contaminating human respiratory and oral pathogens. We previously demonstrated ... ...

Abstract	In the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, reuse of surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirators has been recommended. Their reuse necessitates procedures to inactivate contaminating human respiratory and oral pathogens. We previously demonstrated decontamination of masks and respirators contaminated with an infectious SARS-CoV-2 surrogate via ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, vaporised hydrogen peroxide, and use of dry heat. Here, we show that these same methods efficiently inactivate a more resistant, non-enveloped oral virus; decontamination of infectious murine norovirus-contaminated masks and respirators reduced viral titres by over four orders of magnitude on mask or respirator coupons.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-28
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2590-0889
ISSN (online)	2590-0889
DOI	10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100111
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Decontamination of face masks and filtering facepiece respirators via ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, hydrogen peroxide vaporisation, and use of dry heat inactivates an infectious SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus.

Ludwig-Begall, Louisa F / Wielick, Constance / Dams, Lorene / Nauwynck, Hans / Demeuldre, Pierre-Francois / Napp, Aurore / Laperre, Jan / Haubruge, Eric / Thiry, Etienne

medRxiv

Abstract	Background: In the context of the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the supply of personal protective equipment remains under severe strain. To address this issue, re-use of surgical face masks and filtering facepiece respirators has been recommended; prior decontamination is paramount to their re-use. Aim: We aim to provide information on the effects of three decontamination procedures on porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV)-contaminated masks and respirators, presenting a stable model for infectious coronavirus decontamination of these typically single-use-only products. Methods: Surgical masks and filtering facepiece respirator coupons and straps were inoculated with infectious PRCV and submitted to three decontamination treatments, UV irradiation, H2O2 vaporisation, and dry heat treatment. Viruses were recovered from sample materials and viral titres were measured in swine testicle cells. Findings: UV irradiation, H2O2 vaporisation and dry heat reduced infectious PRCV by more than three orders of magnitude on mask and respirator coupons and rendered it undetectable in all decontamination assays. Conclusion: This is the first description of stable disinfection of face masks and filtering facepiece respirators contaminated with an infectious SARS-CoV-2 surrogate using UV irradiation, H2O2 vaporisation and dry heat treatment. The three methods permit demonstration of a loss of infectivity by more than three orders of magnitude of an infectious coronavirus in line with the FDA policy regarding face masks and respirators. It presents advantages of uncomplicated manipulation and utilisation in a BSL2 facility, therefore being easily adaptable to other respirator and mask types.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-05
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2020.06.02.20119834
Database	COVID19

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