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Article ; Online: Sirtuin inhibition is synthetic lethal with BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiency.

Bajrami, Ilirjana / Walker, Callum / Krastev, Dragomir B / Weekes, Daniel / Song, Feifei / Wicks, Andrew J / Alexander, John / Haider, Syed / Brough, Rachel / Pettitt, Stephen J / Tutt, Andrew N J / Lord, Christopher J

Communications biology

2021 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) 1270

Abstract: PARP enzymes utilise ... ...

Abstract	PARP enzymes utilise NAD
MeSH term(s)	BRCA1 Protein/deficiency ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; BRCA2 Protein/deficiency ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; Humans ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/metabolism ; Sirtuins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	BRCA1 Protein ; BRCA1 protein, human ; BRCA2 Protein ; BRCA2 protein, human ; PARP1 protein, human (EC 2.4.2.30) ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (EC 2.4.2.30) ; Sirtuins (EC 3.5.1.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2399-3642
ISSN (online)	2399-3642
DOI	10.1038/s42003-021-02770-2
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Sirtuin inhibition is synthetic lethal with BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiency

Ilirjana Bajrami / Callum Walker / Dragomir B. Krastev / Daniel Weekes / Feifei Song / Andrew J. Wicks / John Alexander / Syed Haider / Rachel Brough / Stephen J. Pettitt / Andrew N. J. Tutt / Christopher J. Lord

Communications Biology, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 16

Abstract: Bajrami, Walker et al. investigated the synthetic lethality between BRCA gene defects and inhibition of two sirtuin genes, SIRT1 or SIRT6, which was found to be associated with replication stress and increased PARylation. The authors demonstrated that ... ...

Abstract	Bajrami, Walker et al. investigated the synthetic lethality between BRCA gene defects and inhibition of two sirtuin genes, SIRT1 or SIRT6, which was found to be associated with replication stress and increased PARylation. The authors demonstrated that the SIRT/BRCA1 synthetic lethality was reversed by genetic ablation of PARP1 or HPF1.
Keywords	Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of the Breaking Free Online Health and Justice program for substance misuse in prison settings.

Elison-Davies, Sarah / Davies, Glyn / Ward, Jonathan / Dugdale, Stephanie / Weston, Samantha / Jones, Andrew / Brides, Michelle / Weekes, John

Health & justice

2018 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 20

Abstract: Background: Substance misuse, including problematic drug and alcohol use, are significant issues in society that can have multiple detrimental effects. Many people access support for their substance misuse during prison sentences, due to the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Substance misuse, including problematic drug and alcohol use, are significant issues in society that can have multiple detrimental effects. Many people access support for their substance misuse during prison sentences, due to the associations between substance misuse and offending, and the high proportion of the prison population who have drug and alcohol issues. Breaking Free Online Health and Justice is a computer-assisted therapy program that has been developed to support substance-involved offenders to address their substance misuse and associated offending within prison settings. Methods: This will be a parallel-group randomized controlled trial of 4-week Breaking Free Online Health and Justice program as an adjunct to standard treatment for substance misuse, in comparison to standard treatment only, in a male Category D open prison. Interventional and control groups will be compared in terms of the changes in their scores on multiple measures from baseline to post-treatment assessment at 4-weeks, and then 3- and 6-months follow-up. Participants will be adult male offenders serving sentences in prison in England who have demonstrable difficulties with drugs and/or alcohol for at least the past 12-months. The primary outcome measure will be self-reported substance misuse, with secondary outcomes being standardized psychometric assessments of substance dependence, mental health, biopsychosocial functioning, quality of life and post-release offending. Other secondary measures will include frequency of completion of specific intervention strategies in the program. Discussion: This study will examine whether Breaking Free Online Health and Justice as an adjunct to standard substance misuse interventions in prisons, improves outcomes for substance-involved offenders receiving interventions in custodial settings. Findings from the study will be used to inform further developments of the program and potential improvements to custodial treatment. Trials registration: ISRCTN09846981 .
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2740401-8
ISSN	2194-7899
ISSN	2194-7899
DOI	10.1186/s40352-018-0078-1
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Article: The use of oral antidiabetic agents in primary care.

Weekes, Andrew John / Thomas, Merlin C

Australian family physician

2007 Volume 36, Issue 6, Page(s) 477–480

Abstract: Background: Guidelines and regulatory documents reflect the potential for chronic kidney disease to impact the efficacy and safety profiles of antidiabetic regimens. We describe the influence of impaired kidney function and its perception by ... ...

Abstract	Background: Guidelines and regulatory documents reflect the potential for chronic kidney disease to impact the efficacy and safety profiles of antidiabetic regimens. We describe the influence of impaired kidney function and its perception by practitioners on the pattern of antidiabetic use in Australian primary care. Methods: Antidiabetic agent prescribing was documented for 3893 patients with type 2 diabetes from the National Evaluation of the Frequency of Renal impairment cO-existing with Noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NEFRON) study. Patients with and without impaired kidney function, identified by their practitioner or defined by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, were systematically compared. Results: Most patients received metformin (63%) with sulphonylureas (45%), insulin (13%) and thiazolidinediones (7%) also widely used. Contrary to prescribing guidelines, use of metformin remained frequent (53%) and the proportional usage of sulphonylureas with active metabolites was unchanged in the 23.1% of patients with an eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Even where prescribers identified impaired kidney function in their patients, prescribing of antidiabetic agents was not significantly modified. Discussion: Chronic kidney disease is a common companion to type 2 diabetes in Australia. The move to automated eGFR reporting provides an important opportunity for practitioners to identify impaired kidney function and to improve their management of patients with type 2 diabetes.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Drug Utilization Review ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Guideline Adherence ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Insulin/therapeutic use ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis ; Male ; Metformin/therapeutic use ; Pilot Projects ; Primary Health Care/standards
Chemical Substances	Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin ; Metformin (9100L32L2N)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-06
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	423718-3
ISSN	0300-8495
ISSN	0300-8495
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Article ; Online: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of the Breaking Free Online Health and Justice program for substance misuse in prison settings

Sarah Elison-Davies / Glyn Davies / Jonathan Ward / Stephanie Dugdale / Samantha Weston / Andrew Jones / Michelle Brides / John Weekes

Health & Justice, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2018 Volume 14

Abstract: Abstract Background Substance misuse, including problematic drug and alcohol use, are significant issues in society that can have multiple detrimental effects. Many people access support for their substance misuse during prison sentences, due to the ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Substance misuse, including problematic drug and alcohol use, are significant issues in society that can have multiple detrimental effects. Many people access support for their substance misuse during prison sentences, due to the associations between substance misuse and offending, and the high proportion of the prison population who have drug and alcohol issues. Breaking Free Online Health and Justice is a computer-assisted therapy program that has been developed to support substance-involved offenders to address their substance misuse and associated offending within prison settings. Methods This will be a parallel-group randomized controlled trial of 4-week Breaking Free Online Health and Justice program as an adjunct to standard treatment for substance misuse, in comparison to standard treatment only, in a male Category D open prison. Interventional and control groups will be compared in terms of the changes in their scores on multiple measures from baseline to post-treatment assessment at 4-weeks, and then 3- and 6-months follow-up. Participants will be adult male offenders serving sentences in prison in England who have demonstrable difficulties with drugs and/or alcohol for at least the past 12-months. The primary outcome measure will be self-reported substance misuse, with secondary outcomes being standardized psychometric assessments of substance dependence, mental health, biopsychosocial functioning, quality of life and post-release offending. Other secondary measures will include frequency of completion of specific intervention strategies in the program. Discussion This study will examine whether Breaking Free Online Health and Justice as an adjunct to standard substance misuse interventions in prisons, improves outcomes for substance-involved offenders receiving interventions in custodial settings. Findings from the study will be used to inform further developments of the program and potential improvements to custodial treatment. Trials registration ISRCTN09846981.
Keywords	Substance misuse ; Alcohol ; Drugs ; Computer-assisted therapy ; Recovery ; Prisons ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology ; HV1-9960
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: In patients with chronic stable angina, secondary prevention appears better in the very old compared to younger patients: the Coronary Artery Disease in gENeral practiCE (CADENCE) Substudy.

Rajendran, Sharmalar / Visvanathan, Renuka / Tavella, Rosanna / Weekes, Andrew J / Morgan, Claire / Beltrame, John F

Heart, lung & circulation

2013 Volume 22, Issue 2, Page(s) 116–121

Abstract: Background: With our aging communities and the increased prevalence of coronary heart disease (CAD) with age, the impact of this disease in the very old warrants further investigation.: Objective: To assess health outcomes and the attainment of ... ...

Abstract	Background: With our aging communities and the increased prevalence of coronary heart disease (CAD) with age, the impact of this disease in the very old warrants further investigation. Objective: To assess health outcomes and the attainment of guideline-based secondary prevention targets in the very old (>80 years, n=482) as compared to young (<65 years, n=582) and elderly (between 65 and 80 years, n=932) patients, all of whom had chronic stable angina. Design: The coronary artery disease in general practice (CADENCE) study was a cluster-stratified cross-sectional survey. This study reports on health outcomes quantitated using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire and guideline targets achieved for blood pressure, smoking, lipids, diabetic control and body habitus. Settings and participants: 2031 stable angina patients were recruited from 207 primary care practices. Results: Despite similar angina frequency scores, the very old were more physically impaired by their angina than both the young and elderly [76±25 (Young) vs. 70±26 (Elderly) vs. 63±28 (Very old), p<0.05 for both comparisons]. However, the very old had better quality of life scores than young stable angina patients [72±24 vs. 65±25, p<0.05] and were similar to the elderly [72±24 vs. 72±23, p>0.05]. Also blood pressure, lipid, diabetic and body habitus targets were more often achieved in the very old and elderly patients compared to young stable angina patients. Conclusion: Despite similar symptomatic status and greater physical limitations, the very old reported a better quality of life and more often achieved treatment targets than young stable angina patients. Failure to improve secondary prevention measures in younger age groups may potentially contribute to increased morbidity in older age, and failure to achieve 'Healthy Ageing'.
MeSH term(s)	Age Factors ; Aged ; Angina, Stable/epidemiology ; Angina, Stable/physiopathology ; Angina, Stable/prevention & control ; Australia/epidemiology ; Blood Pressure ; Chronic Disease ; Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; General Practice ; Glycated Hemoglobin A/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/blood ; Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology ; Hypertension/epidemiology ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Quality of Life ; Secondary Prevention ; Smoking/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Chemical Substances	Glycated Hemoglobin A ; hemoglobin A1c protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-02
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2020980-0
ISSN	1444-2892 ; 1443-9506
ISSN (online)	1444-2892
ISSN	1443-9506
DOI	10.1016/j.hlc.2012.09.003
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Article ; Online: Disparities between prescribing of secondary prevention therapies for stroke and coronary artery disease in general practice.

Heeley, Emma / Anderson, Craig / Patel, Anushka / Cass, Alan / Peiris, David / Weekes, Andrew / Chalmers, John

International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society

2012 Volume 7, Issue 8, Page(s) 649–654

Abstract: Background: Extensive evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of secondary prevention measures in patients with cardiovascular disease.: Aim: We aimed to examine the management and risk perceptions of cardiovascular events in people with ... ...

Abstract	Background: Extensive evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of secondary prevention measures in patients with cardiovascular disease. Aim: We aimed to examine the management and risk perceptions of cardiovascular events in people with established cardiovascular disease. Methods: We analyzed data on 1453 patients, ≥55 year old, with a history of cardiovascular disease, from the Australian Hypertension and Absolute Risk Study. Results: Compared with those 533 patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack, the 743 patients with coronary artery disease were twice as likely to have been prescribed secondary prevention therapies even after adjustment for potential confounding variables (adjusted relative risks 1·85; 95% confidence interval 1·56-2·19, 42% vs. 73% for use of the combination of blood pressure-lowering, lipid-lowering and antiplatelet therapies) and to have better control of lipid and blood pressure levels. General practitioners estimated that only 27% of patients with stroke/transient ischemic attack - 38% of those with coronary artery disease and 41% of those with both conditions - were at a high risk (≥15%) of a recurrent event. Patients similarly underestimated their risk of recurrent cardiovascular events, with only 8% of stroke/transient ischemic attack, 11% of coronary and 15% of combination disease patients rating themselves at 'high' or 'very-high' risk. Conclusions: This study reaffirms the large treatment gap in the uptake of secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease in primary care settings, being much greater for patients with cerebral compared with cardiac cardiovascular disease. This appears to be related to differential perceptions of cardiovascular risk across different vascular territories in both patients and doctors.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases/complications ; Cohort Studies ; Coronary Artery Disease/prevention & control ; Female ; General Practice/standards ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards ; Secondary Prevention ; Stroke/prevention & control
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2303728-3
ISSN	1747-4949 ; 1747-4930
ISSN (online)	1747-4949
ISSN	1747-4930
DOI	10.1111/j.1747-4949.2011.00613.x
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Article ; Online: Clinical prediction rule for SARS-CoV-2 infection from 116 U.S. emergency departments 2-22-2021.

Kline, Jeffrey A / Camargo, Carlos A / Courtney, D Mark / Kabrhel, Christopher / Nordenholz, Kristen E / Aufderheide, Thomas / Baugh, Joshua J / Beiser, David G / Bennett, Christopher L / Bledsoe, Joseph / Castillo, Edward / Chisolm-Straker, Makini / Goldberg, Elizabeth M / House, Hans / House, Stacey / Jang, Timothy / Lim, Stephen C / Madsen, Troy E / McCarthy, Danielle M /

Meltzer, Andrew / Moore, Stephen / Newgard, Craig / Pagenhardt, Justine / Pettit, Katherine L / Pulia, Michael S / Puskarich, Michael A / Southerland, Lauren T / Sparks, Scott / Turner-Lawrence, Danielle / Vrablik, Marie / Wang, Alfred / Weekes, Anthony J / Westafer, Lauren / Wilburn, John

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 3, Page(s) e0248438

Abstract: Objectives: Accurate and reliable criteria to rapidly estimate the probability of infection with the novel coronavirus-2 that causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and associated disease (COVID-19) remain an urgent unmet need, ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Accurate and reliable criteria to rapidly estimate the probability of infection with the novel coronavirus-2 that causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) and associated disease (COVID-19) remain an urgent unmet need, especially in emergency care. The objective was to derive and validate a clinical prediction score for SARS-CoV-2 infection that uses simple criteria widely available at the point of care. Methods: Data came from the registry data from the national REgistry of suspected COVID-19 in EmeRgency care (RECOVER network) comprising 116 hospitals from 25 states in the US. Clinical variables and 30-day outcomes were abstracted from medical records of 19,850 emergency department (ED) patients tested for SARS-CoV-2. The criterion standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 required a positive molecular test from a swabbed sample or positive antibody testing within 30 days. The prediction score was derived from a 50% random sample (n = 9,925) using unadjusted analysis of 107 candidate variables as a screening step, followed by stepwise forward logistic regression on 72 variables. Results: Multivariable regression yielded a 13-variable score, which was simplified to a 13-point score: +1 point each for age>50 years, measured temperature>37.5°C, oxygen saturation<95%, Black race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, household contact with known or suspected COVID-19, patient reported history of dry cough, anosmia/dysgeusia, myalgias or fever; and -1 point each for White race, no direct contact with infected person, or smoking. In the validation sample (n = 9,975), the probability from logistic regression score produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.79-0.81), and this level of accuracy was retained across patients enrolled from the early spring to summer of 2020. In the simplified score, a score of zero produced a sensitivity of 95.6% (94.8-96.3%), specificity of 20.0% (19.0-21.0%), negative likelihood ratio of 0.22 (0.19-0.26). Increasing points on the simplified score predicted higher probability of infection (e.g., >75% probability with +5 or more points). Conclusion: Criteria that are available at the point of care can accurately predict the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These criteria could assist with decisions about isolation and testing at high throughput checkpoints.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Clinical Decision Rules ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Cough ; Databases, Factual ; Decision Trees ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; Emergency Service, Hospital/trends ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Registries ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0248438
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Article ; Online: Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse.

Goodrum, Felicia / Lowen, Anice C / Lakdawala, Seema / Alwine, James / Casadevall, Arturo / Imperiale, Michael J / Atwood, Walter / Avgousti, Daphne / Baines, Joel / Banfield, Bruce / Banks, Lawrence / Bhaduri-McIntosh, Sumita / Bhattacharya, Deepta / Blanco-Melo, Daniel / Bloom, David / Boon, Adrianus / Boulant, Steeve / Brandt, Curtis / Broadbent, Andrew /

Brooke, Christopher / Cameron, Craig / Campos, Samuel / Caposio, Patrizia / Chan, Gary / Cliffe, Anna / Coffin, John / Collins, Kathleen / Damania, Blossom / Daugherty, Matthew / Debbink, Kari / DeCaprio, James / Dermody, Terence / Dikeakos, Jimmy / DiMaio, Daniel / Dinglasan, Rhoel / Duprex, W Paul / Dutch, Rebecca / Elde, Nels / Emerman, Michael / Enquist, Lynn / Fane, Bentley / Fernandez-Sesma, Ana / Flenniken, Michelle / Frappier, Lori / Frieman, Matthew / Frueh, Klaus / Gack, Michaela / Gaglia, Marta / Gallagher, Tom / Galloway, Denise / García-Sastre, Adolfo / Geballe, Adam / Glaunsinger, Britt / Goff, Stephen / Greninger, Alexander / Hancock, Meaghan / Harris, Eva / Heaton, Nicholas / Heise, Mark / Heldwein, Ekaterina / Hogue, Brenda / Horner, Stacy / Hutchinson, Edward / Hyser, Joseph / Jackson, William / Kalejta, Robert / Kamil, Jeremy / Karst, Stephanie / Kirchhoff, Frank / Knipe, David / Kowalik, Timothy / Lagunoff, Michael / Laimins, Laimonis / Langlois, Ryan / Lauring, Adam / Lee, Benhur / Leib, David / Liu, Shan-Lu / Longnecker, Richard / Lopez, Carolina / Luftig, Micah / Lund, Jennifer / Manicassamy, Balaji / McFadden, Grant / McIntosh, Michael / Mehle, Andrew / Miller, W Allen / Mohr, Ian / Moody, Cary / Moorman, Nathaniel / Moscona, Anne / Mounce, Bryan / Munger, Joshua / Münger, Karl / Murphy, Eain / Naghavi, Mojgan / Nelson, Jay / Neufeldt, Christopher / Nikolich, Janko / O'Connor, Christine / Ono, Akira / Orenstein, Walter / Ornelles, David / Ou, Jing-Hsiung / Parker, John / Parrish, Colin / Pekosz, Andrew / Pellett, Philip / Pfeiffer, Julie / Plemper, Richard / Polyak, Stephen / Purdy, John / Pyeon, Dohun / Quinones-Mateu, Miguel / Renne, Rolf / Rice, Charles / Schoggins, John / Roller, Richard / Russell, Charles / Sandri-Goldin, Rozanne / Sapp, Martin / Schang, Luis / Schmid, Scott / Schultz-Cherry, Stacey / Semler, Bert / Shenk, Thomas / Silvestri, Guido / Simon, Viviana / Smith, Gregory / Smith, Jason / Spindler, Katherine / Stanifer, Megan / Subbarao, Kanta / Sundquist, Wesley / Suthar, Mehul / Sutton, Troy / Tai, Andrew / Tarakanova, Vera / tenOever, Benjamin / Tibbetts, Scott / Tompkins, Stephen / Toth, Zsolt / van Doorslaer, Koenraad / Vignuzzi, Marco / Wallace, Nicholas / Walsh, Derek / Weekes, Michael / Weinberg, Jason / Weitzman, Matthew / Weller, Sandra / Whelan, Sean / White, Elizabeth / Williams, Bryan / Wobus, Christiane / Wong, Scott / Yurochko, Andrew

Journal of virology

2023 Volume 97, Issue 2, Page(s) e0008923

Abstract: Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. ...

Abstract	Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Information Dissemination ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Policy Making ; Research/standards ; Research/trends ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virology/standards ; Virology/trends ; Virus Diseases/prevention & control ; Virus Diseases/virology ; Viruses
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/jvi.00089-23
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Article ; Online: Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse.

mBio

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e0018823

Abstract	Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Viruses/genetics ; Respiratory Tract Infections
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mbio.00188-23
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